i. e. The craft, of lifting up the earth with a

plough.

WEALTH....That which enricheth; the third person singular of Pelegian, locupletare, &c.

HEALTH.... That which healeth, or maketh one to be hale, or WHOLE. See before HALE.

DEARTH.... The third person singular of the English (from the Anglo-Saxon verb deɲian, nocere, lædere) to dere. It means, some, or any, season, weather, or other cause, which DERETH, i. e. maketh dear, hurteth or doth mischief.

The English verb to dere was formerly in com

mon use.

"No deuil shal you dere, ne fere you in your doing."
Vis. f P. Ploughman pass. 8, fol. 36, pag. 2.

"Shal no deuyl at his deaths daye dere him a mite."

Vis. of P. Ploughman, pass. 8, fol. 37, pag. 1. "Shal neuer deuil you dere, ne death in soule grene." Vis. of P. Pl ughman, pass. 18, jol. 91, pag. 2.

"No dynte shal him derę.”

Id. pass. 19, fol. 97, pag. 1.

"When he was proudest in his gere,

"And thought nought nothyng might him dere."

Gower, lib. 1, fl. 18, pag. 2, col. 2.

"As for that tyme I dare well swere,

"None other sorowe maie me dere."

Gower, lib. 1, fol. 23, pag. 1, col. 2.

"That with his swerd, and with his spere,

"He might not the serpent dere."

Gower, lib. 5, fol. 103, pag. 2, col. 2.

"Upon a day as he was mery

"As though ther might him no thinge derie."

Gower, lib. 6, fol. 135, pag. 2, col. 2.

"His good kynge so well addresseth,
"That all his fo men he represseth :
"So that there maie no man hym dere.”

Gower, lib. 7, fol. 164, pag. 1, col. 2.

"For of knighthode thordre wolde,
"That thei defende and kepe sholde
"The common right, and the franchise
"Of holy churche in all wise:

"So that no wicked man it dere."

And

Gower, lib. 8, fol. 19, pag. 1, col. 1.

ye shall both anon unto me swere
"That ye shall neuer more my countre dere
"Ne make warre upon me nyght ne day."

Knightes Tale, fol. 5, pag. 2, col. 1.

"And fel in speche of Telophus the king
"And of Achilles for his queynte spere
"For he couthe with it heale and dere."

Squiers Tale, fol. 25, pag. 2, col. 2.

"For though fortune may nat angel dere,

"From hye degree yet fel he for his synne."

Monkes Tale, fol. 83, pag. 2, col. 2.

"No thynge shall dere them ne dysease them." Diues and Pauper, 3d comm. cap. 13.

"The womans synne was lesse greuous than "Adams synne and lesse dered mankynde."

Diues and Pauper, 6th comm. cap. 10. Shakespear, in the Tempest, act 2, sce. 1, says,

"We haue lost your son, &c.

"The fault's your owne,

"So is the deer'st oth' losse."

Again, in Timon of Athens, pag. 97.

"Our hope in him is dead: let us returne,
"And straine what other meanes is left unto us
"In our deere peril."

And in Iulius Cæsar, act 2, pag. 120.

"That I did loue thee Cæsar, O 'tis true:

"If then thy spirit looke upon us now,

"Shall it not greeue thee deerer then thy death,
"To see thy Antony making his peace,

"Shaking the bloody fingers of thy foes?"

And, in Hamlet,

"Would I had met my dearest foe in heauen,

"Ere I had euer seene that day."

Johnson and Malone, who trusted to their Latin to explain his English, for deer and deerest, would have us read dire and direst; not knowing that depe and depend mean hurt and hurting, mischief and mischievous: and that their Latin dirus is from our Anglo-Saxon depe, which they would expunge().

IRTH..... That which dissipateth, viz. care, sorrow, melancholy, &c. the third person singular of the indicative of Mynnan. See before MORROW.

The Anglo-Saxons likewise used Morð, Monde, mors, i. e. Quod dissipat (subaud. vitam;) the third person of the same verb Mynnan, to mar, &c.

(8)" Martinius, in voce pretiosus censet Angl. DEARE affine "esse to Sopov, diuturnum; quod majoris pretii sint ac pluris "fiant quæ sunt durabiliora. Ita quoque B. Duy, pretiosus "derivant a Duyren, durare." Junius.

"DEAR alludit Gr. Onpaw, consector, capto, venor; quia quæ "pretiosa sunt omnes captant." Skinner.

"DIRUS, Dei ira natus Festus.

"DIRUM est triste, infestum et quasi Deorum ira missum."

Nannius.

Servius says it is a Sabine word...." Sabini et Umbri, quæ nos

"Mala, DIRA appellant."

Vossius and Dacier will at all events have it from the Greek AEIOS; N mutato in R.

and having itself the same meaning as mirth; but a different application and subaudition. Hence, from Monde, MURTHER, the French meurtre, and the

GROWTH.....The third person of to grow.

BIRTH.....The third person of to bear. See before BORN.

RUTH..... The third person of to rue. hnypian,

misereri.

SHEATH.... The third person of ɲceadan, segregare. See before shade and shed.

DROUGTH.....A. s. drugod. It was formerly DRYETH, DRYTH, and DRITH.

"When ouermuch heate or DRYETH in the "matrice is cause of the hynderaunce of concep"tion."

Byrth of Mankynde, (1540) boke 3, fol. 83, pag. 1.

They whiche be compounde, are in compounde "or myxte qualities: as heate and moisture, heate and DRYTHE."

Castel of Helth, (1541) fol. 3, pag. 1. "Hot wynes, &c. be noyfull to theym whyche "be choleryke, because they be in the highest de16 gree of heate and DRY THE aboue the just tempe❝raunce of mannes body in that complexion."

Castel of Helth, boke 2, cap. 4, fol. 17, pag. 2. "Where great weerinesse or DRITH greueth the body, their ought the dyner to be the lesse."

Castel of Helth, boke 2, cap. 27, fol. 41, pag. 2. DROUGTH is that which dryeth, the third person singular of the indicative of dɲigan, dɲugan, arescere. Custom has transposed the TH, to DROUGHT.

DRY....A. S. dng is the past participle of the same verb. As is also DRUGS, a name common to all Europe, and which means dryed (subaud. herbs, roots, plants, &c.) When we say, that any thing is a mere DRUG; we mean dryed up, worth

less.

SLOTH....That which sloweth, or maketh one slow, the third person of the indicative of ɲlapian. See before SLOW.

STRENGTH.... That which stringeth, or maketh strong, a. s. seneng. See before STRONG (h). STRONG(h).

MOUTH. (MATGIO).... That which eateth; the third person of the indicative of MATGAN, Metian, edere(). See before MEAT.

MOTH....The name of an insect that eateth or "fretteth a garment" (Fɲettan, vorare). It is the same word as mouth, differently written, pronounced and applied.

Junius indeed says, of мOTH...." tanquam sit ex μoxonpos, pravus; propter importunam sceles

tissmi insecti malitiam."

And Skinner...." Hoc credo, a uvdaw, uligine putresco.

TOOTH (TANGIO)....That which tuggeth; the third person singular of the indicative of TANGAN, teogan, to tug.

() Mer. Casaubon derives STRONG from EcTypμEVOS. "Videri potest (says Junius) affine Gr. Ergayyeuw vel "Zręayyia, torqueo, stringo."

Skinner derives it from the Latin strenuus a Gr. Ergnvns asper, acutus: he adds...." Alludit et Gr. gwvvw, pwvvvμi, corroboro.” (i) Minshew and Junius derives MOUTH from Mudos, sermo