you will find no pleasure here which can deserve either that you should anticipate any part of your future fortune, or that you should condemn yourself and your lady to penurious frugality for the rest of the year. "I need not tell you what regard you owe to Mrs. Boswell's entreaties; or how much you ought to study the happiness of her who studies yours with so much diligence, and of whose kindness you enjoy such good effects. Life cannot subsist in society but by reciprocal concessions. She permitted you to ramble last year, you must permit her now to keep you at home.

"Your last reason is so serious, that I am unwilling to oppose it. Yet you must remember, that your image of worshipping once a year in a certain place, in imitation of the Jews, is but a comparison; and simile non est idem; if the annual resort to Jerusalem was a duty to the Jews, it was a duty because it was commanded; and you have no such command, therefore no such duty. It may be dangerous to receive too readily, and indulge too fondly, opinions, from which, perhaps, no pious mind is wholly disengaged, of local sanctity and local devotion. You know what strange effects they have produced over a great part of the Christian world. I am now writing, and you, when you read this, are reading under the Eye of Omnipres

ence.

1

"To what degree fancy is to be admitted into religious offices, it would require much deliberation to determine. I am far from intending totally to exclude it. Fancy is a faculty bestowed by our Creator, and it is reasonable that all his gifts should be used to his glory, that all our faculties should cooperate in his worship; but they are to cooperate according to the will of him that gave them, according to the order which his wisdom has established. As ceremonies, prudential or convenient, are less obligatory than positive ordinances, as bodily worship is only the token to others or ourselves of mental adoration, so fancy is always to act in subordination to reason. We may take fancy for a companion, but must follow reason as our guide. We may allow fancy to suggest certain ideas in certain places; but reason must always be heard, when she tells us, that those ideas and those places have no natural or necessary relation. When we enter a church we habitually recall to mind the duty of adoration, but we must not omit adoration for want of a temple: because we know, and ought to remember, that the Universal Lord is every where present; and that, therefore, to come to Jona, or to Jerusalem, though it may be useful, cannot be necessary.

1 [Alluding probably to the Crusades.-ED.]

"Thus I have answered your letter, and have not answered it negligently. I love you too well to be careless when you are serious.

"I think I shall be very diligent next week about our travels, which I have too long neglected. I am, dear sir, your most, &c. "SAM. JOHNSON.

"Compliments to madam and miss.”

"TO JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ.
“10th May, 1774

"DEAR SIR,-The lady who delivers this bas a lawsuit, in which she desires to make use of your skill and eloquence, and she seems to think that she shall have something more of both for a recommendation from me; which, though I know how little you want any external incitement to your duty, I could not refuse her, because I know that at least it will not hurt her to tell you that I wish her well. I am, sir, your most humble servant, "SAM. JOHNSON."

"MR. BOSWELL TO DR. JOHNSON.

"Edinburgh, 12th May, 1774. "Lord Hailes has begged of me to offer you his best respects, and to transmit to you specimens of 'Annals of Scotland, from the Accession of Malcolm Kenmore to the Death of James V.' in drawing up which his lordship has been engaged for some time. His lordship writes to me thus: "If I could procure Dr. Johnson's criticisms, they would be of great use to me in the prosecution of my work, as they would be judicious and true. I have no right to ask that favour of him. If you could, it would highly oblige me.'

"Dr. Blair requests you may be assured that he did not write to London what you said to him, and that neither by word nor letter has he made the least complaint of you 2; but on the contrary has a high respect for you, and loves you much more since he saw you in Scotland. It would both divert and please you to see his eagerness about this matter."

"TO JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ.

"Streatham, 12th June, 1774.

"DEAR SIR,-Yesterday I put the first sheets of the 'Journey to the Hebrides' to the press. I have endeavoured to do you some justice in the first paragraph. It will be one volume in octavo, not thick.

"It will be proper to make some presents in Scotland. You shall tell me to whom I shall give; and I have stipulated twentyfive for you to give in your own name. Some will take the present better from me, others better from you. In this, you who are to live in the place ought to direct.

[See ante, p. 475.-ED.]

Consider it. Whatever you can get for my purpose send me; and make my compliments to your lady and both the young ones. I am, sir, your, &c. "SAM. JOHNSON."

"" 'MR. BOSWELL TO DR. JOHNSON. "Edinburgh, 24th June, 1774. "You do not acknowledge the receipt of the various packets which I have sent to you. Neither can I prevail with you to answer my letters, though you honour me with returns. You have said nothing to me about poor Goldsmith', nothing about Langton.

"I have received for you from the Society for propagating Christian Knowledge in Scotland, the following Erse books:The New Testament,' Baxter's Call,' The Confession of Faith of the Assembly of Divines at Westminster,' The Mother's Catechism,' ' A Gaelick and English Vocabulary 2," "

6

"TO JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ.

"4th July, 1774. "DEAR SIR,-I wish you could have looked over my book before the printer, but it could not easily be. I suspect some mistakes; but as I deal, perhaps, more in notions than in facts, the matter is not great, and the second edition will be mended, if any such there be. The press will go on slowly for a time, because I am going into Wales to-morrow.

"I should be very sorry if I appeared to treat such a character as Lord Hailes otherwise than with high respect. I return the sheets 3, to which I have done what mischief I could; and finding it so little, thought not much of sending them. The narrative is clear, lively, and short.

"I have done worse to Lord Hailes than by neglecting his sheets: I have run him in debt. Dr. Horne, the president of Magdalen College in Oxford, wrote to me about three months ago, that he purposed to reprint Walton's Lives, and desired me to contribute to the work: my answer was, that Lord Hailes intended the same publication; and Dr. Horne has resigned it to him. His lordship must now think seriously about

it.

made publick. He died of a fever, I am afraid, more violent by uneasiness of mind. His debts began to be heavy, and all his resources were exhausted. Sir Joshua is of opinion that he owed not less than two thousand pounds. Was ever poet so trusted before?

"You may, if you please, put the inscription thus:

"Maria Scotorum Regina nata 15—, a suis in exilium acta 15—, ab hospitâ neci data 15-.' You must find the years. "Of f your second daughter you certainly gave the account yourself, though you have forgotten it. While Mrs. Boswell is well, never doubt of a boy. Mrs. Thrale brought, I think, five girls running, but while I was with you she had a boy.

"I am obliged to you for all your pamphlets, and of the last I hope to make some use. I made some of the former. I am, dear sir, your most affectionate servant,

"SAM. JOHNSON.

"My compliments to all the three ladies."

"TO BENNET LANGTON, ESQ. AT LANG

TON.

5th July, 1774. "DEAR SIR,-You have reason to reproach me that I have left your last letter so long unanswered, but I had nothing particular to say. Chambers, you find, is gone far, and poor Goldsmith is gone much further. He died of a fever, exasperated, as I believe, by the fear of distress. He had raised money and squandered it, by every artifice of acquisition and folly of expense. But let not his frailties be remembered; he was a very great man.

"I have just begun to print my Journey to the Hebrides, and am leaving the press to take another journey into Wales, whither Mr. Thrale is going, to take possession of, at least, five hundred a year, fallen to his lady. All at Streatham, that are alive, are well.

"I have never recovered from the last dreadful illness 4, but flatter myself that I grow gradually better; much, however, yet remains to mend. Kúp xinov 5.

1 Dr. Goldsmith died April 4, this year.BOSWELL.

2 These books Dr. Johnson presented to the Bodleian Library.-BoswELL.

3 On the cover enclosing them Dr. Johnson wrote, "If my delay has given any reason for supposing that I have not a very deep sense of the honour done me by asking my judgment, I am very sorry."-BOSWELL.

haste, for I shall be I know not where, for

[Although his Letters and his Prayers and Meditations speak of his late illness as merely" a cold and cough, which he went to Mrs. Thrale to get taken care of," it would seem by this use of the word " dreadful," that it had, at some time, taken a more serious character. We have no trace of any illness since that of 1766, which could be called dreadful.-ED.]

[The Greek for "Lord have mercy upon us" in the Litany.--ED.]

tetrastick on poor

« Τον τάφον εισορίας τον Ολιβάρειο, κονίην Αφρισι μη σεμνήν, Ξενε, πεδεσσι πατεί.

Οισι με μπλε φυσις, μετρων χαρις, έργα παλαίων, Κλάιντε ποιητην, ιστορικών, φυσικών.

"Please to make my most respectful compliments to all the ladies, and remember me to young George and his sisters. I reckon George begins to show a pair of heels. "Do not be sullen now, but let me find a letter when I come back. I am, dear sir, your affectionate, humble servant,

SAM. JOHNSON."

This tour to Wales, which was made in company with Mr., Mrs., [and Miss] Thrale,

and amusement, did not give an occasion to such a discursive exercise of his mind as our tour to the Hebrides **1. All that I heard him say of it was, that "instead of bleak and barren mountains, there were green and fertile ones; and that one of the castles in Wales would contain all the castles that he had seen in Scotland."

ED.

[He, however, kept a kind of diary of this journey, which was afterwards published 3 in a separate form by Mr. Duppa, and is now, by his liberal permission, incorporated into this work, for the purpose of "filling up (to use Mr. Duppa's own words) that chasm in the Life of Dr. Johnson which Mr. Boswell was unable to supply."]

Tour to Wales.

Tuesday, 5th July.-We left Streatham 11 A. M.-Price of four

horses two shillings a mile.

[Mr. Boswell had here added, "I do not find that he kept any journal or notes of what he saw there."-ED.]

2 [This diary fell into the possession of Barber, who disposed of it to the Rev. Mr. White; but how it escaped Mr. Boswell's researches, who seems to have had access to all Barber's papers, does not appear.-ED.]

3["A Diary of a Journey into North Wales, in the Year 1774; by Samuel Johnson, LL. D. Edited, with illustrative Notes, by R. Duppa, LL. B., Barrister at Law. London, for Jennings in the Poultry, 1816, 12mo." Of this work, Mr. Duppa says, in his Dedication to Mr. Edward Swinburne: "This fragment, as a literary curiosity, I hope will not disappoint you; for although it may not contain any striking and important facts, or luminous passages of fine writing, it cannot be uninteresting to know how the mind of such a man as Johnson received new impressions, or contemplated, for the first time, scenes and occupations unknown to him before." And, in his Preface, he observes, "This Journal of Dr. Johnson exhibits his mind when he was alone, when no one was looking on, and when no one was expected to adopt his thoughts, or to be influenced by them; in this respect, it differs from the conversations and anecdotes already published; it has also another value, highly interesting; it shows how his mind was influenced by the impression of external things, and in what way he recorded those facts, which he laid up for future reflection.

"His Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland' was probably composed from a diary not more ample: for of that work he says, I deal more in notions than in facts;' and this is the general character of his mind; though when Boswell expressed a fear, lest his journal should be encumbered with too many minute particulars, he said, 'There is nothing, sir, too little for so little

"For its authenticity I will pledge myself: but if there should be any who are desirous to gratify their curiosity, or to satisfy their judgment, the original MS., in the handwriting of Dr. Johnson, is in the possession of the publisher, where it may at any time be seen. The Editor acknowledges his obligation to Mrs. Piozzi, for her kind assistance in explaining many facts in this diary, which could not otherwise have been understood."

Mr. Duppa, having applied to Mrs. Piozzi for information on some topics of this diary, received several explanatory letters from that lady, some of which, however, came too late for Mr. Duppa's use. He, however, with continued courtesy, has, by communicating these letters to the Editor, enabled him to explain some obscure points, not only of the Welsh tour, but of other portions of Dr. Johnson's history. The notes, extracted from these letters (which are all dated between the 31st July and 17th December, 1816,) will be distinguished-Piozzi MS.—ED.]

66

4

[When at this place, Mrs. Thrale gives an anecdote of Johnson, to show his minute attention to things which might reasonably have been supposed out of the range of his observation. When I came down to breakfast at the inn, my dress did not please him, and he made me alter it entirely before he would stir a step with us about the town, saying most satirical things concerning the appearance I made in a riding-habit; and adding, "T is very strange that such eyes as yours cannot discern propriety of dress: if I had a sight only half as good, I think I should see to the centre.'"-DUPPA.]

5 [Mr. Richard Green was an apothecary, and related to Dr. Johnson. He had a considerable collection of antiquities, natural curiosities, and

china 1.

Friday, 8th July.-To Mr. Newton's To Mrs. Cobb's 2.-Dr. Darwin's 3-I went again to Mrs. Aston's-She was very sorry to part.

Saturday, 9th July.-Breakfasted at Mr. Garrick's 4-Visited Miss Vyse 5-Miss Seward 6-Went to Dr. Taylor's [at Ashbourn]-I read a little on the road in Tully's Epistles and Martial-Mart. 8th, 44, 'lino pro limo".

Sunday, 10th July.-Morning at church -Company at dinner.

Monday, 11th July.-At Ilam 8-At Oakover I was less pleased with Ilam than when I saw it first, but my friends were much delighted.

Tuesday, 12th July.-At Chatsworthingenious works of art. He had all the articles accurately arranged, with their names upon labels, and on the staircase leading to it was a board,

with the names of contributors marked in gold

letters. A printed catalogue of the collection was to be had at a bookseller's.-DUPPA.]

[Mr. Newton was a gentleman, long resident in Lichfield, who had acquired a large fortune in the East Indies.-DUPPA.]

from many spouts-The fountains-The water tree-The smooth floors in the highest rooms 11-Atlas, fifteen hands inch and half 12—River running through the park— The porticoes on the sides support two galleries for the first floor-My friends were not struck with the house-It fell below my ideas of the furniture—The staircase is in the corner of the house-The hall in the corner 13, the grandest room, though only a room of passage-On the ground-floor, only the chapel and the breakfast-room, and a small library; the rest, servants' rooms and offices 14-A bad inn.

Wednesday, 13th July.-At Matlock.

Thursday, 14th July.-At dinner at Oakover; too deaf to hear, or much converseMrs. Gell-The chapel at Oakover 15-The wood of the pews grossly painted-I could not read the epitaph-Would learn the old hands.

Dyott 16 and her daughters came in the Friday, 15th July.-At Ashbourn-Mrs. morning-Mrs. Dyott dined with us-We visited Mr. Flint.

3 [Dr. Erasmus Darwin: at this time he lived at Lichfield, where he had practised as a physician from the year 1756, and did not settle at Derby till after his second marriage with Mrs. Pool, in the year 1781. Miss Seward says, that although Dr. Johnson visited Lichfield while Dr. Darwin lived there, they had only one or two interviews, and never afterwards sought each other. Mutual and strong dislike subsisted between them. Dr. Darwin died April 18th, 1802, in the sixty-ninth year of his age.-DUPPA.]

See

["Peter Garrick, the elder brother of David, strongly resembling him in countenance and voice, but of more sedate and placid manners. post, 21st March, 1775.-ED. "I think Peter Garrick was an attorney, but he seemed to lead an independent life, and talked all about fishing. Dr. Johnson recommended him to read Walton's Angler, repeating some verses from it."-Piozzi MS.]

A daughter of the Rev. Archdeacon Vyse, of the diocese of Lichfield and Coventry.-DUPPA. Afterwards wife of Dr. Spencer Madan, Bishop of Peterborough.-HARWOOD.]

6 [" Dr. Johnson would not suffer me to speak to Miss Seward."-Piozzi MS.-So early was the coolness between them.-ED.]

7 [In the edition of Martial, which he was reading, the last word of the line

tree. I remember Lady Keith (Miss Thrale), then ten years old, was the most amused by it of any of the party."-Piozzi MS.]

["Old oak floors polished by rubbing. Johnson, I suppose, wondered that they should take such pains with the garrets."-Piozzi MS.]

12 [This was a race-horse, which was very handsome and very gentle, and attracted so much of Dr. Johnson's attention, that he said, " of all the duke's possessions, I like Atlas best."-DupPA.]

13

[Quere, whether these words are not an erroneous repetition of the same words in the preceding line.-ED.]

14 [This was the second time Johnson had visited Chatsworth. See ante, 26th November, 1772; and his letter to Mrs. Thrale. The friend, mentioned in that extract, was, it appears, from Mrs. Piozzi's MS., Dr. Percy, and the allusion was sarcastic. Mrs. Piozzi writes, "Bishop Percy's lady lived much with us at Brighthelmstone, and used (foolishly enough perhaps) to show us her husband's letters: in one of these he said, 'I am enjoying the fall of a murmuring stream, but to you who reside close to the roaring ocean, such scenery would be insipid.' At this Dr. Johnson laughed as a ridiculous affectation, and never forgot it."-Piozzi MS.-ED.]

15 [There is no chapel at Oakover, but a small parish-church close to the house, which, however, has no pulpit, and thence perhaps Dr. Johnson calls it a chapel.-ED.]

16 [The Dyotts were a respectable and wealthy Staffordshire family. The person who shot Lord Brook, when assaulting St. Chad's cathedral in Lichfield, on St. Chad's day, in 1643, is said to have been a Mr. Dyott.-ED.]