with such abiding interest. According to his own account it was the scene of his earliest experiments. Here in his infancy he commenced those processes of thought and action which were so perseveringly carried on through his whole after life. In his occasional visits to Barnwood he would not fail to note the wires of the telegraph running along the straight old Roman road, on which he had scampered as a school-boy, and passing within a few yards of the old Manor House the place of his birth and of his first essays in science!

It has been happily suggested that a monument to this eminent man should be erected in Gloucester; and a design model has been prepared by Mr. W. S. Frith-a rising young artist of the city. A statue of Sir Charles, in his professor's robes, explaining his great invention, surmounts a noble pedestal on which is a group representing "Science whispering her secrets to her student." The Gloucester Journal, referring to this project, thus heartily commended it to the sympathy and support of the public :-"Now that the scheme has advanced so far, it is to be hoped that a sufficient amount of support will be forthcoming to carry it forward to a successful issue. Gloucester should gladly embrace the opportunity of showing herself proud of a son whose scientific attainments have been recognised by diplomas and distinctions awarded by learned societies in all parts of the world."

NOTES.

1. The house is now known as the American Meat Company's Stores. 2.-Memoir of Sir Charles Wheatstone. By the late Mr. Charles Brooks, in the " Obituary Notices" of the Proceedings of the Royal Society, 1876.

3. Some elderly readers will remember the great interest excited by Phrenology between forty and fifty years ago; and can, perhaps, recall the lectures which in 1839 were delivered at the Tolsey, by a Mr. Rumball, an able and eloquent Phrenological lecturer; and the late Mr. Thomas Cox Buchanan, then a highly esteemed member of the medical profession, in Gloucester, who opposed his views.

4.--Of the changes and improvements in telegraphy since Mr. Brooks thus wrote in 1876, nothing can here be said.

EW public men have been more widely well-known in Gloucestershire than Samuel Bowly. Within its borders he resided from birth to death. In Gloucester itself he was for fifty-five years a familiar figure. As a man of business, a frequent platform speaker, and a minister of religion, he was associated with many county institutions and engaged in many public movements. From time to time he visited, in some capacity, most of our towns and villages, coming into contact with people of all sorts and conditions, so that his name has become a household word. Pleasant anecdotes of him are told in all quarters, and his worth and works have long been held as common county property.

The leading facts of his life, although generally known, may be again presented in brief and consecutive form, with dates as correct as can now be ascertained.

The people of Cirencester are proud to claim Samuel Bowly as a native of their ancient borough, where he was born March 23rd, 1802. He was the offspring of truly worthy Quaker parentage. His ancestors had for many generations been connected with the town one of them-Richard Bowly -figures among the earliest Gloucestershire followers of George Fox; and was a companion in testimony and in tribulation of John Roberts, of Siddington.

Samuel Bowly, father of our Samuel, was in business as a cheese factor, and also as a miller, which latter occupation was carried on at Arlington, seven miles north-east of Cirencester, on the Burford road. His wife-Samuel's mother

-was a woman of superior mind and great excellence, and became a minister in the Society. They trained their family in the principles and practices of Friends, and at that time their principles were more fixed and their practices more simple than at the present day. Samuel, in addition to these home influences, received a good plain education in an academy at Nailsworth, and on completing his school course began to assist his father in business.

For some time he was employed chiefly at Arlington Mill, but shortly after his father's death in 1820, Samuel and his brother David were established in business as cheese factors in Cirencester. In 1827 he married Jane Dearman Shipley, eldest daughter of John Shipley, of Shaftesbury; and in 1829 he removed to Gloucester to open a branch of the business there. The great anti-slavery agitation was then spreading through the country, and Mr. Bowly, fully identifying himself with it, began to speak with powerful effect at public meetings in Gloucester. Of his labours on behalf of the down-trodden negro many a chapter might be written. The part he bore entitles his name to rank with those of Clarkson, Wilberforce, and Sturge. His efforts were highly appreciated by his fellow-citizens, and in the midst of the glorious struggle the women of Gloucester encouraged him and honoured themselves by presenting him with a silver salver bearing a suitable inscription.

The subject of intemperance had long occupied his mind, and the first Temperance Meeting in this locality was held at his house about the end of 1831 or the beginning of 1832, when a "Moderation" Society was formed. Results proved the insufficiency of this pledge, and in 1835 Mr. Bowly became a pledged total abstainer, and entered upon that course of active advocacy of the principle which rendered him pre-eminently a Temperance Reformer. His labours for forty-eight years were abundant, self-denying, and wonderfully effective. him, as of Hezekiah, it might be truly said "He did it with all his heart and prospered." Thousands of miles were

Of

travelled by him every year and hundreds of meetings annually held. The results were most encouraging, many of all classes being led by his influence to join the Temperance movement, and not a few to become earnest workers in its advancement.

In addition to these abounding efforts, he used both tongue and pen in furthering the repeal of the Corn Laws, the abolition. of capital punishment, the spread of Education, the promotion of Peace, and various other philanthropic and reform movements. For many years he was an acknowledged minister of the Society of Friends, and was a frequent and acceptable speaker in their meetings.

His commercial knowledge and business habits, combined with his bigh integrity, led to his appointment as Chairman or Director of several important local companies, in which capacities he ever had the highest confidence and respect of those with whom he was associated.

The occasion of his eightieth birthday was embraced by his friends and fellow citizens as an opportunity to do him honour. In a crowded and enthusiastic meeting held in the Corn Exchange, under the presidency of the Rev. J. Emeris, rector of Upton St. Leonard's, he was presented with gifts and congratulatory addresses, the first presentation, that of a handsome epergne from the Women's Christian Temperance Union, being made in their name by Dr. Ellicott, the Bishop of the Diocese. The Mayor of the City-Mr. Anthony Gilbert Jones-and most of the leading men of the locality were present on this memorable occasion; and at the close of the meeting a torchlight procession, headed and accompanied by bands of music, conducted Mr. and Mrs. Bowly, for whom a carriage was provided, to their home.

His first residence in Gloucester was in Barton Street, whence he removed to Wotton Lodge, where some of the earliest Temperance Fêtes was held. In 1840 he removed to the house adjoining his business premises at the corner of Llanthony Road. Subsequently he resided at the Horsepcols;

then at Saintbridge; and during the latter part of his life, at Cotswold House, Park Road, Gloucester. Here his long, active, and useful life ended after a few hours illness' on Sunday, March 23rd, 1884, the eighty-second anniversary of his birthday.

His funeral was one of the most remarkable that Gloucester ever witnessed. It has been repeatedly described, and can never be forgotten by those who looked upon the scenes it presented. The venerable philanthropist was borne to his grave amidst expressions of honour and sorrow such as mere wealth or rank could never command. Men of all classes and of all religious and political creeds were present, lamenting his loss and reverently laying him to rest.

Mr. Bowly's first wife, the mother of all his family, died on the 30th of September, 1868; his second, who was the widow of Jacob Henry Cotterell, of Bath, survived him till September 18th, 1885.

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It has been remarked that the life of Samuel Rowly was a singularly uneventful" one. In the sense in which this was meant it is quite true. He passed through no thrilling experiences; he was exposed to no great perils; he suffered no painful privations; he performed no wonderful exploits. His life was a labour, a patient continuance in well-doing, an unceasing influence for good, an emphatic and constant testimony for righteousness, temperance, freedom, peace, and love. The principles and dispositions of such a man claim. attention, and the contemplation of some features of his character may be as interesting and instructive as the records. of a stirring and eventful life.

It was as a philanthropist that Mr. Bowly's high reputation was gained, and it will be as a philanthropist that he will be chiefly remembered. His love of man was a deep, abiding, and ever active element in his character. It had its foundation in a firm religious belief in the universal Fatherhood of God, and the consequent universal brotherhood of men. It was the old Quaker faith investing all men with