of th consequently connects two verbs, the second of which takes place after the first, the verbs in question must be in the same tense. I do this that I may gain by it. I did this that I might gain by it. A little consideration will show that this rule is absolute. For a man to be doing one action (in Present time), in order that some other action may follow it (in Past time), is to reverse the order of cause and effect. То do any thing in A.D. 1850, that something may result from it in 1849, is a contradiction; and so it is to say, I do this that I might gain by it. The reasons against the converse construction are nearly, if not equally, cogent. To have done any thing at any previous time, in order that a present effect may follow, is, ipso facto, to convert a past act into a present one. To say I did this, that I may gain by it, is to make, by the very effect of the expression, either may equivalent to might, or did equivalent to have done. nominal. Note 3. Disjunctives (or, nor) are of two sorts, real and A king or queen always rules in England. Here the Disjunction is real, king and queen being different names for different objects. In all real Disjunctions, the inference is, that if one out of two (or more) individuals (or classes) do not perform a certain action, the other does. A Sovereign or Supreme governor always rules in England. Here the Disjunction is nominal, sovereign and supreme governor being different names for the same object. In all nominal Disjunctives, the inference is, that if an agent (or agents) do not perform a certain action under one name, he does (or they do) it under another. Both Nominal and Real Disjunctives agree in this: whatever be the number of nouns which they connect, the construction of the verb is the same as if there were but one. Henry, or John, or Thomas walks; the sun or solar luminary shines. The Disjunctive isolates the subject, however much it may be placed in juxtaposition with other nouns. Note 4. In poetry, nor and or are frequently substituted for neither and either; thus: "Nor Simois, Nor rapid Xanthus' celebrated flood."-ADDISON. N N "Or by the lazy Scheldt or wandering Po."-GOLDSMITH. Note 5. If is sometimes employed for whether; as, "He doubts if two and two make four." Note 6. The conjunction is often omitted; as, "Were there no difference, there would be no choice," i. e., "if there were." Note 7. Some conjunctions have their corresponding conjunctions, so that in the subsequent member of the sentence the latter answers to the former; as, 1. THOUGH YET, NEVERTHELESS; as, "Though deep, yet clear; though gentle, yet not dull." 2. WHETHER OR; as, "Whether he will go or not, I can not tell." 3. EITHER OR; as, "I will either send it or bring it my self." 4. NEITHER NOR; as, "Neither thou nor I am able to compass it." 5. As-as; expressing a comparison; as, " He is as good as she." In like manner, certain conjunctions correspond with certain Adverbs: 1. As so; expressing a comparison; as, "As he excels in virtue, so he rises in estimation;" "As the stars, so shall thy seed be." 2. So-As; "To see Thy glory so as I have seen Thee in the sanctuary;" "Pompey was not so great a man as Cæsar." 3. SO THAT; expressing a consequence; as, "He was so fatigued that he could scarcely move." 4. RATHER THAN; as, "He would consent rather than suffer." 5. NOT ONLY—BUT ALSO; as, "He was not only prudent, but he was also industrious." Note 8. In like manner, certain conjunctions correspond with certain Adjectives; as, 1. OTHER—THAN; "Were it any other than he, I would not submit ;" "He is greater than I." 2. SAME AS; "Your paper is of the same quality as 3. SUCH-AS; "I will give you such pens as I have.” 4. SUCH THAT; "His diligence was such that his friends were confident of success." Note 9. NEITHER, NOR, and EITHER, OR, should be placed next the words to which they refer; as, "Neither he nor his friend was present ;" "It neither improves the understanding nor delights the heart." Note 10. The pronominal adjective all sometimes beautifully supplies the place of the copulative conjunction; as, "All heart they live, all head, all eye, all ear, All intellect, all sense."-Paradise Lost. INTERJECTIONS. § 560. RULE LIV.-INTERJECTIONS are joined with the objective case of the pronoun of the first person, and with the nominative of the pronoun of the second; as, "Ah me!" "Oh thou!" Oh or O, in some cases, seems to supply the place of a subject and verb; as, "O! that the rose-bud which graces yon Island Were wreathed in a garland around him to twine." EXERCISES IN THE SYNTAX OF ADVERBS. § 561. RULE LI.-Despair naturally produces indolence. C. S. 1. Use a little wine for thine often infirmities. F. S. 2. In a word, his speech was all excellent good in itself. F. S. 3. Come here, if you will not go there. C. S. Come hither, come hither, by night and by day 4. From thence he went to Paris. C. S. He went thence to Rome. C. S 5. The Lord is King, be the people never so impotent. C. S. If the opportunities of some persons were ever so favorable, they are too idle to improve them. C. S. 6. The Scriptures are a revelation from God; here we find the truths we need to know. C. S.. 7. Will he confess the truth? No. C. S. 9. I can not by no means admit it to be true. F. S. 10. If that be all, there is no need of paying for that, since I am resolved to have that pleasure, whether I am there or F. S. no. EXERCISES IN THE SYNTAX OF PREPOSITIONS. § 562. RULE LII.-Between you and I, there is much mischief in it. F. S. 1. The success was very great of that enterprise. F. S. 2. He was related to, and governed by, the same person. F. S. 3. Of the lighter but very important accomplishments, which fill so large a place in the patriotic character, great eloquence and a strong masculine style in writing, he had but little. C. S. 4. Will you get me some paper? C. S. C. S. C. S. 7. The doctrine spoken against. C. S. Latin preposition. Ultra is a 9. To give over; to lay by; to lie by. C. S. 12. With noise like the sound of distant thunder, C. S. 16. The Christian religion was scoffed at. C. S. 17. In their dress, their table, their houses, their furniture, the favorites of fortune united every refinement of convenience, of elegance, and of splendor. C. S. EXERCISES IN THE SYNTAX OF CONJUNCTIONS. § 563. RULE LIII.—I shall visit him, because he desires it. C. S. 1. He likes you better than me. C. S. All fled but John. C. S. The day is clear because the sun shines; the day will be clear if the sun shine. C. S. 2. I eat that I may live. C. S. 3. A king or queen always rules in England. C. S. 4. Nor pain, nor grief, nor anxious fear Invade thy bounds. C. S. Oh! struggling with the darkness of the night, And visited all night with troops of stars, Or when they climb the sky, or when they sink. C. S. 5. I can not say if he was here. C. S. 6. This elegant rose, had I shaken it less, Might have bloomed with its owner a while. C. S. C. S. 7. Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him. C.S. 10. Tell him all terms, all commerce I decline; C. S. CHAPTER IX. SYNTAX OF SIMPLE SENTENCES. § 564. A SENTENCE is the expression of a thought in words. A DECLARATIVE SENTENCE is substantially the same as a proposition. THE PREDICATIVE COMBINATION. § 565. A PREDICATIVE COMBINATION, as, "Washington wrote," constitutes a simple sentence in which there is a subject connected with a predicate. Whatever has already been said concerning Substantives or words standing in the place of substantives, when used in the nominative case, relates to the predicative combination. Whatever, also, has been said concerning Verbs as agreeing with these subjects in expressing the relations of Person, Time, and Mode, relates to the |