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no covering except a rag round his loins; this we were told was another incarnation of Fo.

All these divinities, however, appeared to belong rather to the brahminical, than to the Boodhist faith; a fact which is not irreconcileable with probability, for it is said that, in the first century of the Christian era, an emperor having dreamed of a saying of Confucius, that the holy one was to be found in the west, sent ambassadors to India, who brought back with them the image of Fo, accompanied by a number of bonzees, or priests. If there is any truth in this story, or rather in the fact, that the Boodhist religion was introduced into China from India, of which the dress of the images may be considered as furnishing some proof, it is not improbable that the priests should have brought with them images of Siva, Vishnu, and other brahminical deities, in ad dition to the idol of Boodh, since they are found in the Boodhist temples of Ceylon and of India. According, however, to the present notion of the lamas, it would appear that the original names have been forgotten, and that they consider the different images observed in their temple only as different forms of the same deity. The great image, or statue, which I have above endeavoured to describe, has, it will be remarked, many traits in common with the representations of Siva in India. The deity in the cabinet, possessing so many arms and grasping warlike instruments, is not very dissimilar to the goddess Doorga, who, like a loving and dutiful wife, probably accompanied her husband Siva on his journey to China.

Passing to the other side of the tem ple, another quadrangle presented itself, two sides of which were formed by the cloisters of the holy monks, and the side opposite to us, as in the preceding squares, by a rather large Joss-house. A marble bridge was thrown over a tank, whose surface was covered with lotuses, a plant sacred to Boodh, and much celebrated in the poetry, as well as in the superstitions of the east. We crossed the bridge and entered the temple; this building, unlike the others, was of two stories, and adapted for the accommodation of the priests as well as the divinity. It was here that Lord Amherst resided during his stay at Canton, and a number of the minor gods were turned out to accommodate this distinguished mortal. In a room on the ground-floor was the image of a wornan, in the Hindoo dress, with a tiara on her head, sitting cross-legged, with her hands placed together and raised, as if in supplication to the throne of grace; she is designated by the lamas the

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Holy Mother," and is said to be generally represented with a child by her side, like the Catholic paintings of the "Mother of God," or Isis sitting with Orus in her lap, as seen by Belzoni in the Temple of Dendera. In a hall in the second story there are three stupendous images of Fo, dressed in the oriental, or rather Indian manner. They had black Caffre hair, and monstrous ears, and with features decidedly Ethiopian, like the smaller images of Boodh at Gayah. Each of these figures was seated upon a couched lion of proportionate dimensions, which were by no means ill-executed in marble. On each side of the hall was a row of figures, all as large as life, which the priest gave us to understand were heroes and demigods, mortals who had been deified by a grateful posterity for their eminent superiority in arts, or arms, for the wisdom with which they had ruled or instructed mankind, for the precepts they had taught, or the virtues they had practised; each, apparently, held in his hand a symbol of that merit which had procured him immortality. From the mouths of several issued what was probably intended for their breath, and at the extremity of this solid vapour was a small house, atown, a tree, & various other things, which, doubtless owed their invention to the word, the breath, the command, of these illustrious personages. The dresses and countenances of the greater part were decidedly Indian, and they had all enormous ears, in which many wore rings. The physiognomy of one or two was rather of a Grecian character, and it is remarkable that the dress of these was in a more western style than that of the others.

The gigantic janitors, who had surprised us at the gateways, we here found reduced to their human dimensions, occupying a seat in the house of their peers. An accurate drawing of these figures, in the absence of any written accessible and intelligible account, would perhaps furnish a clue for those who make mythology their study to discover the origin and history of these singular effigies.

I do not remember having seen any other variety of the godhead in these Josshouses, but in the one to the north of the suburbs of Canton I saw an immense gilt or brazen image of a prodigiously fat, laughing Joss in a recumbent posture; he looked like the jolly god of wine and wit, and may perhaps be the Chinese Bacchus. I was informed that it was a representation of Fo in a state of beatitude, and his appearance certainly corroborated the assertion.

There appeared to be a very large es

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tablishment of priests attached to the Josshouses that I have above attempted to describe; they are supported by the contributions of the devout lady, who, however, would seem to be few in the land, for, unlike the priesthood of other countries, these lamas were very thin, haggard,

robes, altar-cloths, and sepulchral banners they could reach at.

MONARCHY.

The Earl of Warrington, who contributed no less by his pen than by his sword to bring about that glorious epoch in the

wretched looking beings, as if they really constitution of England, the revolution

practised from choice or necessity abstinence and penance, which is only affected by the priesthood of other religions. The crown of their heads was shaven, they were clothed in a kind of grey camblet domino, like "the friars of orders grey," and round their necks was

suspended a string of beads, which they continually fumbled and mumbled over, conducted into a large hall, where all the monks of this Chinese priory were gathered together for the important purpose of discussing their dinner, which was out upon two or three long tables, much in the same manner as at the colleges in

a Catholic with his rosary. We were

Oxford.

(To be resumed.)

The Note Book,

CIVIC FEASTING RESTRAINED.

A great mortality happening amongst the cattle in 11543, a sumptuary law was framed by the Common Council of London, to restrain luxurious feasting. It was enacted that the Lord Mayor should not have more than seven dishes on his table at dinner or supper. Aldermen and Sheriff's were limited to six, the sword-bearer to four, and the mayor's and sheriff's servents to three, upon penalty of forty shillings for every supernumerary dish. Besides this restriction, they were prohibited, after the ensuing Easter, from buying either swan, crane, or bustard, under a penalty of twenty shillings for every such bird.

ACCESSION OF QUEEN ELIZΑΒΕΤΗ.

Upon the accession of Queen Elizabeth, which took place during the mayoralty of Sir William Hewett, to shew the queen how entirely she might depend on the support of the city, upon her accession, the twelve principal corporations sent forth twelve companies, (in the whole amounting to 1400 men,) men,) which were mustered on July 2nd, 1559, before Greenwich Park. Of these, 800 were pikemen in bright armour, 400 harquebussers in coats of mail and helmets; the rest were 200 halberdiers in German rivets. The populace at this time destroyed not only all the pictures and saints in the churches, but also the whole of the rich priestly

under William III, in one of his charges to the grand juries of Wiltshire, thus forcibly describes the advantages of that form of government which he had las boured to procure for his country :"Gentlemen, there is not a better form of government under the sun, than that

England. Yet excellent as it is, I find that many are impatient under it, ang thirst extremely after that which is called a commonwealth; thinking, no doubt, do. But I am very apt to believe, that to enjoy greater privileges than now they they who are not contented under our form of government, have not considered aright what a commonwealth is. A commonwealth makes a sound and a shadow of liberty to the people, but in reality is but a monarchy under another name; for if monarchy be a tyranny under a single person, a commonwealth is a tyranny under several persons; as many persons as govern so many tyrants."

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"An honest man is always welcome here, To rogues I grant no hospitable cheer."

And thus by William Hamper, Esq. June 9th, 1818.

"Thou'rt welcome, honest friend; walk in, make free;

Thief, get thee gone, my doors are closed to

thee."

COFFEE.

The Public Adviser newspaper of May 26, 1657, contained the following curious advertisement-" In Bartholomew-lane, on the back side of the Old Exchange, the drink called Coffee is advertised as to be sold in the morning, and at three of the clock in the afternoon.

DR. KING.

The celebrated Dr. King, Archbishop of Dublin, passing through an obscure street of the Irish metropolis, stopped at a bookseller's stall, and among other books, purchased a political pamphlet which wanted the title page. On returning home, he sat down, and deliberately read it morethan half over, when he discovered it was his own composition.

A CHINESE PRISON.

Persons who have money to spend can be accommodated with private apartments, cards, servants, and every luxury. The prisoners chains and fetters are removed from their bodies, suspended against the wall till the hour of going the rounds occurs. After that ceremony is over, the fetters are again placed where they hurt nobody. But those who have not money to bribe the keepers, are in a woeful condition. Not only is every alleviation of their sufferings removed, but actual infliction of punishment punishn is added to extort money to buy burnt offerings (of paper) to the god of the jail, as the phrase is. For this purpose the prisoners are tied up, or rather hung up, and flogged; at night they are fettered down to a board by the neck, wrists, and ankles, amidst ordure and filth, whilst the rats, uninolested, are permitted to gnaw their limbs! This place of torment is proverbially called, in ordinary speech, Te-ynk, -a term equivalent to the worst sense of the word Canton Register.

hell.

Customs of Various Countries.

SINGULAR MANORIAL SERVICE.

The manor of Broughton-Lindsay, in Lincolnshire, is held under that of Caistor, by this strange service: viz. that annually, upon Palm Sunday, the deputy of the lord of the manor of Broughton attends at the church of Caistor, with a new cart-whip in his hand, which he cracks thrice in the church-porch; and passes with it on his shoulder up the nave into the chancel, and seats himself in the

pew of the lord of the manor, where he remains until the officiating minister is about to read the second lesson. He then proceeds with his whip, to the lash of which he has, in the interim, affixed the purse, which ought to contain thirty silver pennies, (instead of which a single halfcrown is substituted,) and kneeling down before the reading-desk, holds the purse suspended over the minister's head all the time he is reading the lesson; after which he returns to his seat, and when divine service is over, leaves the whip and purse at the manor-house.Н. В. А.

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Diary and Chronology.

DIARY.

DATE.

DATE. DAYS.

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16 Fri. St. Macurius, or

17 Sat.

Marius.

Sun ris. 51m af, 7
-sets I

18 SUN. St. Wolfrid.

4

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CORRESPONDING CHRONOLOGY.

Jan. 14 St. Hilary who was a native of Poictiers, after embracing the Christian faith made such a rapid progress in scripture-learning, that he was elected bishop. He was banished to Phrygia, A. D. 356, for four years, for zealously opposing the Arians; and having afterwards opposed them at the councils of Selencia and Constantinople, the Arians, to be freed from so courageous an opponent, sent him back to the Gauls, where he preserved the orthodox faith till his death, A. D. 369.

1753.-Expired on this day, Dr. George Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne; the character of this distinguished prelate was so very excellent and amiable that Pope has ascribed to him the possession of "every virtue under heaven."

15 1778.-On this day a dreadful and devastating fire took place at Charles Town, South Carolina, which destroyed two hundred and fifty houses. 1778.-Anniversary of the discovery of Nootka Sound, by Captain James Cook, the celebrated navigator.

16 Our saint was brought up as an Egyptian Herdsman; but preferring a religious life, he studied divinity until his death, which took place at an advanced age, A. D. 390.

1780.-On this day the gallant Admiral Rodney destroyed seven Spanish ships, near St. Vincent's Cape, Portugal.

17 Expired on this day, the celebrated Dr. George
Horne, the Bishop of Norwich. The Sermons
and Commentary on the Psalins of this able di-
vine are held in the highest esteem.

18 St. Wolfrid, or Walafrid, recorded to-day, was an
English Abbot, a man of great learning and piety.
He is said to have died A. D. 710.
1689-Born on this day, at Bourdeaux, (Charles de
Secondat, Baron of) Montesquieu, the celebrated
author of the "Spirit of Laws," & the "Causes
of the Greatness and Declension of the Roman
Empire.

19 Our saint was a native of Icentum, in Warwick-
shire; he succeeded Adulfe in the Bishopric,
A. D. 1003, and like his predecessor, he held the
See of Worcester with the Archbishopric of
York. He appears to have died in 1023.

1546. On this day the Earl of Surrey was executed for high treason; his father, the Duke of Norfolk, was also attainted, without being heard in his defence, but the King (Henry VIII.) dying the night previous to his execution, he was saved from the scaffold.

20 This saint was a native of Narbonne, in Gaul; he suffered during the Dioclesian persecution, A.D. 288.

1327.-On this day Edward the Second was deposed, and his son, afterwards Edward the Third was declared King, he being then under fifteen years of age.

21 Our saint, who was Bishop of Pavia in the fifth century, was sent to mediate between the Emperor Anthemius and his son-in-law, Ricimer. He was afterwards employed on an embassy to Theodoric, to procure a redemption of captives, which negotiation he succeeded in, His death is recorded to have taken place A. D. 490.

:

1814.-Anniversary of the death of Saint Pierre, the author of the Studies of Nature, and the charming tales of Paul and Virginia, and the Indian Cottage. All the works of this author are of a very fascinating description.

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Ellustrated Article,

THE STUDENTS OF ALCALA.

THE

no word student in Spain, is almost cheat, but a cheat, taken only in the less objectionable acceptation of the word. Es mas malo que un estudiante" he is worse than a stu

dent " is a common phrase to denominate a shrewd fellow, with more wit than money, more drollery and mischief than honesty. The poverty of these worthies is proverbial; for though there are many belonging to the wealthy classes of society, the majority is composed of younger sons, who, owing to the system of government in Spain, are little less than beggars, or of plebeian youths, who, shewing in their infancy an aptitude for study, are sent to the University, that they may push their way in the world. Many of the tricks, which, in England, fall to the share of honourable and fashionable young gentlemen-tricks, such as bilking of tailors, and remissness of memory in settling accounts with rascally tradesmen-form, in Spain, the duties, as it were, of students.

VOL. III.

E

During the festivities of Christmas, owing to the propinquity of the University of Alcala to Madrid, the students of that establishment generally come to display their skill and prowess in the capital. Many are the innkeepers, confectioners, &c., who have to deplore the effects of these annual visits, or rather visitations.

Farulla and Rebolla, two of the students of Alcala, were lounging in the Puerta del Sol, that general meeting-place of the idlers of Madrid. They were busily engaged in racking their brains for some expedient that might serve the purpose of money, a commodity with which, alas! their pockets had long-long since been totally unacquainted. They had promised to treat a friend or two at supper that night; and, as they were very punctilious on the chapter of honour, they could not think of breaking their promise.

"Now, my good Farulla," said Rebollo, putting on a long, gloomy face, as gloomy almost as the long sotana or gown in which he was attired; "do you know that I begin to despair of our being able to keep our faith."-" Shame, Senor Rebollo," answered his companion, "shame

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