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HISTORY

OF THE

INDUCTIVE SCIENCES.

FROM

THE EARLIEST TO THE PRESENT TIME.

BY WILLIAM WHEWELL, D. D.,

MASTER OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE.

THE THIRD EDITION, WITH ADDITIONS.

IN TWO VOLUMES.

VOLUME II.

NEW YORK:

D. APPLETON AND COMPANY,

443 & 445 BROADWAY.

1866.

HARVARD

COLLEGE

July 1922

LIBRARY

Museum of Comparative Zoology

B

CONTENTS

OF THE SECOND VOLUME.

THE SECONDARY MECHANICAL SCIENCES

BOOK VIII.

HISTORY OF ACOUSTICS.

Introduction....

CHAPTER I.-PRELUDE TO THE SOLUTION OF PROBLEMS IN

PAGE

23

CHAPTER II.-PROBLEM OF THE VIBRATIONS OF STRINGS..

28

CHAPTER III.-PROBLEM OF THE PROPAGATION OF SOUND..

32

CHAPTER IV.-PROBLEM OF DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE

CHAPTER V.-PROBLEM OF THE SOUNDS OF PIPES..

38

CHAPTER VI.-PROBLEM OF DIFFERENT MODES OF VIBRA-

TION OF BODIES IN GENERAL

41

BOOK IX.

HISTORY OF OPTICS, FORMAL AND PHYSICAL.

Introduction...

1

51

FORMAL OPTICS.

CHAPTER I.-PRIMARY INDUCTION OF OPTICS.-RAYS OF

LIGHT AND LAWS OF REFLECTION.

PAGE

53

CHAPTER II.-DISCOVERY OF THE LAW OF REFRACTION...

54

CHAPTER III.-DISCOVERY OF THE LAW OF DISPERSION BY

REFRACTION.

58

CHAPTER IV.-DISCOVERY OF ACHROMATISM

66

CHAPTER V.-DISCOVERY OF THE LAWS OF DOUBLE RE-

CHAPTER VI.--DISCOVERY OF THE LAWS OF POLARIZATION.

72

CHAPTER VII.-DISCOVERY OF THE LAWS OF THE COLORS

OF THIN PLATES..

76

CHAPTER VIII-ATTEMPTS TO DISCOVER THE LAWS OF

OTHER PHENOMENA.

CHAPTER IX.-DISCOVERY OF THE LAWS OF PHENOMENA

OF DIPOLARIZED LIGHT..

PHYSICAL OPTICS.

CHAPTER X.-PRELUDE TO THE EPOCH OF YOUNG AND

CHAPTER XI.-EPOCH OF YOUNG AND FRESNEL.

Sect. 1. Introduction....

92

Sect. 2. Explanation of the Periodical Colors of Thin Plates and Shadows

by the Undulatory Theory....

93

Sect. 3. Explanation of Double Refraction by the Undulatory Theory..

Sect. 4. Explanation of Polarization by the Undulatory Theory

Sect. 5. Explanation of Dipolarization by the Undulatory Theory

98

100

105