died unmarried; and 7, Margaret, who married in Philadelphia, June 20th, 1793, George Hammond, the first British Minister to the United States after the peace of 1783. She died December 8, 1838; and her son is the Edmund Hammond whom Mr. Gladstone on his retirement from office in 1870, created a peer by the title of "Baron Hammond," for nearly fifty years of consecutive service in the British Foreign Office, in which he was a "clerk" from 1824 to 1854, and paid Under Secretary" from 1854 to his elevation. He is still living.

James Allen, the Chief Justice's youngest son, married, 10 March, 1768, Elizabeth, daughter of John Lawrence and Elizabeth Francis, a cousin of the mother of his brother Andrew's wife, above mentioned, and had one son, James, who died without issue, and three daughters: 1. Ann Penn, born 11 May, 1769, married James Greenleaf, 26th April, 1800, and died in September, 1851, aged eighty-two; 2. Margaret Elizabeth, who married the distinguished Chief Justice of Pennsylvania, William Tilghman, July 1st, 1794, and died four years afterwards, on the 9th of September, 1798; and 3. Mary, who married, November 27th, 1796, Henry Walter Livingston, of Livingston's Manor, New York, and died there December 11th, 1855, upwards of eighty. She was the lady who was so famous for her graceful and profuse hospitality, and was so long known in New York society as "Lady Mary."

None of the descendants of Chief Justice Allen are now residents of Philadelphia; and the name, for more than a century the synonym in that city for high ability, political power, great wealth, and the first social position, is there no longer known. The man to whom, and to whose connections by his marriage, she owes her famed "State House"-America's Hall of Independence-sleeps in a foreign land; and the names of Allen and of Hamilton and of Penn, with which it so long resounded, are no longer heard within its historic portals.

DR. WILLIAM SHIPPEN, THE ELDER.

BY THE LATE THOMAS BALCH.

(Centennial Collection.)

Amongst those who emigrated from the Mother Country for the purpose of bettering their fortunes, and not to escape religious persecution, was Edward Shippen (b. 1639), a son of William Shippen of Yorkshire, gentleman. The family occupied a position of importance, for we find the Rev. Dr. Robert Shippen (a nephew of Edward Shippen) principal of Brazen Nose College and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford. Another nephew was William Shippen, the famous leader of the Jacobites, the "downright Shippen" of Pope, of whom Sir Robert Walpole repeatedly said, that he was not to be approached by corruption, and whose courage and integrity in parliament procured him (Dec. 4, 1717) the glory of a warrant of the House of Commons committing him to the Tower for "reflecting on His Majesty's person and Government."

Edward Shippen emigrated to Boston 1668, where he as a merchant amassed a handsome fortune. He brought with him his notions as a member of the Established Church, for he at once joined the Artillery Company, but in 1671 he married Elizabeth Lybrand, a Quakeress, and became a member of that sect.

The most cruel, the most unsparing persecutions and deeds of blood known in the history of the human race are those which have been done in the name of Christ. The Fathers of New England were not behind their brethren of other sects, and accordingly Edward Shippen shared in the “jailings, whippings, and banishments, the fines and imprisonments" inflicted on the inoffensive Quakers. In 1693 a meteor appeared, and therefore "a fresh persecution of the Baptists and Quakers" was "promoted," and reached such a pitch that

Debates in Parliament, 1717-21, p. 20.

Mr. Shippen was either banished or driven to take refuge in Philadelphia. It seems to have taken about a year to dispose of his estate in Boston, and transfer the proceeds to his new house (1693-94). He did not quit Boston without erecting a memorial on "a green" near to "a pair of gallows, where several of our friends had suffered death for the truth and were thrown into a hole." He asked leave of the magistrates "to erect some more lasting monument there, but they were not willing."

His wealth, his fine personal appearance, his mansion styled "a princely place," his talents and high character at once obtained for him position and influence. Very soon after his arrival in Philadelphia (July 9, 1695), he was elected Speaker of the Assembly. Penn, who always gave the most anxious consideration to his selection of officers for the province, named him in the Charter, Oct. 25, 1701, the first Mayor of the City of Philadelphia. In 1702-4 he was President of the Governor's Council. In this last year he withdrew from the Society of Friends, and also from public life, although he continued to advise concerning public affairs until his death, Oct. 2, 1712.

His son, Joseph Shippen, born at Boston Feb. 28, 1678-9, died at Germantown 1741; removed to Philadelphia 1704 with his father. In 1727 he joined Dr. Franklin in founding the Junto" for mutual information and the public good." It was the forerunner of our now numerous scientific institutions. One of the subjects to which special attention was given was practical anatomy. By his wife, Abigail Gross, of Huguenot descent (Le Gros), he left three children surviving him. The daughter, Anne, married Charles Willing.

Edward, the elder, born July 9, 1703, generally known as of Lancaster, where he resided during the latter period of his life, was much esteemed and respected throughout the province. Amongst other claims to consideration may be mentioned that he "laid out" Shippensburg, and was one of the founders (1746-8) of the College of New Jersey, at Newark

It is quite possible that "he was invited by Penn" (Address, etc., by Dr. W. E. Hornor, Hazard's Reg., x. p. 66).

in that State, removed 1753 to Princeton, of which he was Trustee for twenty years. He was active in church affairs. Of his two sons, Edward,' the elder, became Chief Justice of Pennsylvania; and the younger, Joseph, a graduate of Princeton, 1753, rose to the rank of Colonel in the Provincial Army. As such he commanded the advance in General Forbes's expedition for the capture of Fort Duquesne. He was also a poet of considerable merit. After the troops were disbanded he made a visit to Europe, and on his return was made Secretary of the Province.

The sixth child and younger surviving son was William Shippen, generally known as Dr. William Shippen, the Elder, more especially the subject of this paper, because he was a member of the Continental Congress. He was born at Philadelphia, Oct. 1, 1712, where he died, Nov. 4, 1801. We are told that he applied himself early in life to the study of medicine, for "which he had a remarquable genius, possessing that kind of instinctive knowledge of diseases which cannot be acquired from books." He seems to have inherited his father's eager desire to explore the domains of physical science, and no doubt that the Junto had its influence in shaping his course in life. An eminent physician of this city says: "It is most probable that he acquired those ideas of the importance of the study (practical anatomy), which induced him to impress upon his son the propriety of making himself master of the science, in order to aid the establishment of those lectures he afterwards so ably delivered." There is no record,

There seems to have been as much confusion in regard to these Edwards and Josephs as in regard to the Doctors William Shippen. Mr. Griswold (Republican Court, p. 15) has fallen into a mistake. In the Memoir of Chief Justice Shippen, portfolio, 1810, by Dr. Charles Caldwell, Edward, the emigrant, is confounded with his grandson, Edward of Lancaster. Hazard's Reg., iv. p. 241, repeats the same error. In Princeton College, by Rev. S. D. Alexander, Secretary Joseph Shippen is represented to be the son of Dr. William Shippen, the elder, instead of nephew, and brother to Dr. William Shippen, the younger, instead of cousin.

2 Contributions to the Medical History of Penna., by Dr. Caspar Morris, Memoirs of Hist. Society of Pa., 2d ed. of vol. i. p. 360. American Medical Biography, by James Thacher, M.D., Boston, 1828, vol. ii. s. v. William Shippen.

so far as I know, as to when and where he received his degree of Doctor of Medicine, but he speedily obtained a large and lucrative practice, which he maintained through a long and respected life. He was especially liberal towards the poor, and it is said, not only gave his professional aid and medicines without charge, but oftentimes assisted them by donations from his purse. He was very successful in his practice, but was so far from thinking that medicine was much advanced towards perfection, that it is said, when he was congratulated by some one on the number of cures he effected and the few patients he lost, his reply was: "My friend! Nature does a great deal, and the grave covers up our mistakes." Conscious of the deficiencies for medical education in America, and animated by a patriotic desire to remedy them, Dr. Shippen trained his son for that profession, sent him to Europe, where he had every possible opportunity for obtaining a knowledge of the various branches, and on his return (May, 1768) encouraged him to commence a series of lectures on anatomy in one of the large rooms of this building (the State House), and thus to inaugurate the first medical school in America.

It has been stated that Dr. Shippen was one of the founders and for many years a Trustee of Princeton College (Thacher), but that honor is due to his brother Edward, as already mentioned. Dr. Shippen's son, however, was a graduate of the Class of 1754, and for many years a Trustee of the College, as well as his uncle.

Dr. Shippen was by no means given to politics, but the outlook for the Americans at the close of the year 1778 was very dark and dreary. It was at this moment that he was called upon to take part in the councils of the nation. On the 20th Nov. 1778, he was elected to the Continental Congress by the Assembly of Pennsylvania. Daniel Roberdeau was one of his colleagues. The vote cast for Dr. William Shippen, the Elder, was 27. At the end of the year, Nov. 13, 1779, he was re-elected. His advanced years and his professional duties would have furnished ample excuse to any less patriotic citizen for declining the thankless position, but an examination of