ics, which encompasses all phenomena in which molecules undergo energetic or chemical transformations.

The recent National Academy of Sciences report, "Opportunities in Chemistry," recognizes and highlights the important wide-ranging applications of synchrotron radiation in chemistry research.

The 1-2 GeV source was first designed in 1982 and proposed in the administration's fiscal year 1984 budget request. During its deliberations on the budget, the Congress requested the Department of Energy to study the synchrotron radiation needs of the broader scientific community. The resulting DOE study was released in March 1984 and had two major conclusions. The first was the need to optimize the utilization of existing facilities. The second was that two new facilities were needed to provide complementary but quite different scientific opportunities and capabilities not available with existing machines. The recommended new facilities were a 6 GeV facility and a 1-2 GeV machine.

The next major review was released in July 1984 by the National Research Council. Their report strongly endorsed the need for both facilities recommended by the DOE report. The most recent review was published by the Department of Energy's Energy Research Advisory Board [ERAB] in June 1985. We heard a report on that this morning in which ERAB examined the National Research Council report for its relevance to and impact on the mission of the Department of Energy.

They concluded that the Council report accurately reflected the needs of both the materials science community and the Department of Energy and that the 6 GeV and the 1-2 GeV facilities were both necessary and appropriate for funding by the Department of Energy.

LBL has worked from the beginning to ensure that the 1-2 GeV design is in accord with the needs of a diverse user community. A 3-day workshop attended by more than 200 scientists and engineers was held at LBL in May 1983 to focus on the science and the technical aspects of the 1-2 GeV source and the then-planned Stanford upgrade.

As a result, the design of two undulators was revised, and the Center for X-ray Optics at LBL was established to develop new materials and designs for beam line components. We have provided a summary history of the project illustrating the ongoing design and research work on the proposed facility.

Subsequent to the 1983 meeting, an Advanced Light Source Users Executive Committee has been a continuing link between LBL and the user community. At its initiative, a users workshop was held November 13 through 15, 1985, at the Berkeley Conference Center. More than 200 physicists, chemists, biologists, and engineers from universities, national laboratories, and industry gathered to discuss the potential uses of a projected 1-2 GeV facility. Last year, the Congress set aside $5 million for preconstruction R&D on both the 1-2 GeV and the 6 GeV facilities. Our portion of these funds is being used to refine the design, to improve the machine's performance, ease its construction and commissioning, identify critical construction R&D issues, examine the proposed site, and prepare for a DOE construction review later this year.

The fiscal year 1987 request would fund title I preconstruction design. In fiscal year 1988 we could move forward with title II, the final design and working drawings, and title III, actual construction.

With the 1-2 GeV machine, the proposed budget also contains $10.56 million for continuing construction of the laboratory buildings and the Center for Advanced Materials at LBL. This money would complete construction of the Surface Science and Catalysis Laboratory during the second quarter of fiscal year 1987 and continue construction of the Advanced Materials Laboratory.

This Center for Advanced Materials was created in 1984 to promote interactions among material research expertise of a national laboratory, a major research university, and interested industrial concerns. The goal is to get industry involved early in providing guidance to the center's research activities in order to produce basic research results of major benefit to American industry.

The Center for Advanced Materials has made good progress in several important scientific areas. The light alloys program has developed a model to optimize the strength of new aluminum lithium alloys, an important material in advanced aircraft.

Our polymer and composites program has developed a model to predict the elastic behavior of organic polymers. This will help plastics manufacturers to enhance the strength, design, and uses of plastic parts.

These are only two of CAM's successes. We expect many more. Research progress will accelerate, I am sure, when modern, adequate laboratory space is available to attract industrial research participation and additional university involvement. This is why we consider the timely completion of these two buildings so essential to CAM's future and why I urge the committee to support the full $10.56 million requested for their continued construction.

Despite the pressures on the Federal budget, our Nation is regaining its economic health. Now is the time, more than ever, to invest in its technological future. New facilities are part of that future.

The House Science and Technology Committee has a well-founded reputation within the Congress for taking the long view and recognizing the necessary Federal role in the support of basic research. I urge you to include these facilities in the DOE budget for fiscal year 1987.

Thank you.

[The prepared statement of Dr. Shirley follows:]

Written Testimony of Dr. David A. Shirley

Director, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

before the

House Science and Technology Committee

Subcommittee on Energy Development and Applications

March 5, 1986

I am pleased to have the opportunity to testify today on the Department of Energy budget request for FY 1987. I have been asked to address three different topics that have the common theme of their impact on the future of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. First, I will describe a new construction start proposed for LBL, then the construction progress of two laboratory buildings for the Center for Advanced Materials (CAM) begun in FY 1984, and finally the impact of the FY 1987 budget and a possible freeze at FY 1986 levels or a 10 percent cut in that budget on LBL.

The 1-2 GeV Synchrotron Radiation Source and Synchrotron Radiation

To begin on an optimistic note, I want to describe the exciting new research facility proposed for construction at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in the FY 1987 budget. The 1-2 GeV Synchrotron Radiation Source, also called the Advanced Light Source (ALS) by LBL, is the first of a new generation of electron storage rings that will broadly extend the frontiers of research in chemistry, biology, physics, medicine, and materials science, as well as industrial research and technology. Much reviewed by the national scientific community, it is an important element of the Department of Energy's plan for the Materials Sciences. When completed in 1992, it will operate as a national user facility,

-2

providing the most advanced experimental opportunities of its kind to investigators from universities, national laboratories and industry. Besides advancing forefront basic scientific research, it will provide American industry with new capabilities that will help keep them competitive in an increasingly sophisticated technological world.

The current estimated cost of the 1-2 GeV facility, escalated through the period of construction, is $90-100 million. This range is firmly based on an earlier estimate certified by DOE design reviews, with subsequent adjustment for inflation. The proposed FY 1987 DOE budget for the Materials Science program provides $1.5 million in Title I construction funds for the facility. These funds will be used for architectural and engineering design work which will further refine the project's cost, schedule and design prior to the beginning of actual construction in FY 1988. The budget also includes $1.5 million in operating expenses and $500,000 for capital equipment for R&D on the technical components of the facility.

Because much of the funding for both FY 1986 and 1987 will be used to finalize the most efficient, cost effective design for the 1-2 GeV source, certain design details may change. However, a sound reference design has existed since 1982 which describes the general features of the facility. The source will feature an electron storage ring about 200 feet in diameter. It will be make use of the existing 184-Inch Cyclotron building. Extending out from the storage ring will numerous beamlines for delivering intense synchrotron light beams to experimenters. As currently designed, within the open center of the storage ring will be a 25-foot-long linear accelerator and a 95-foot diameter synchrotron accelerator to boost electron energies for injection into the main ring. Electrons will be accelerated in the linear accelerator first, then further accelerated in

the booster ring before entering the storage ring.

-3

The 1-2 GeV facility will take maximum advantage of technological advances for producing synchrotron radiation. When electrons travel along a curved path at speeds approaching that of light (186,000 miles per second), they radiate synchrotron light over a broad portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. When these electrons are forced to oscillate back and forth sideways as they pass through special magnets called "wigglers" and "undulators" in a specially designed, next-generation facility, they yield even more of this light.

The type of light emitted by the electrons depends on their oscillations and energies. In the case of this facility, which will store electrons at energies between one and two billion electron volts (GeV), this light is optimized throughout the range between x-rays and ultraviolet light on the electromagnetic spectrum, an area often referred to as the "soft x-ray" region. It will produce synchrotron radiation with properties well oeyond anything available today: very high intensity, extreme brightness, very short pulses, adjustable polarization, and exceptional laser-like coherence. As will be further described later, the Department of Energy has also proposed another complementary machine that would produce "hard x-rays" with six GeV positrons. I would like to emphasize the complementary nature of these two facilities. Each provides scientific capabilities not available with the other machine, and both are needed for forefront scientific research.

Although the phenomenon of synchrotron radiation was known earlier, a period of major growth in the research opportunities based on synchrotron radiation began in the 1960's when scientists first began to appreciate more widely the potential of synchrotron light from the bending magnets of storage rings, including those built for high energy physics. The field has grown dramatically since then through three generations of

facilities.

Whenever a synchrotron light facility offering an increase in brightness,