and easy it appears. The reasons for it are so clear, that it is astonishing men of moderate education, who can hear and see, should not conceive of themselves, the moment the subject is mentioned, that their eyes have been the principal means by which they were taught. The Deaf having their sight, are as capable of comprehending a language as we are.

The Manual, or Finger Alphabet, of which we give an engraving, should first be taught the Deaf and Dumb; and as soon as the child has acquired a perfect knowledge of the Alphabet, and can tell each letter as well printed as by his fingers, by placing the letters D, O, G, (or any other word,) then by showing the animal, the child's eyes convey to his mind the same notion of the animal signified, and with equal certainty as the sound we give the letters, does in our heads through our ears. I have lately met with a letter on the subject, written so long since as 1662, by the great philanthrophist Dr. Wallis of Oxford, to Mr. Beverley, from which letter alone and the Manual Alphabet, so many mutes have been taught. I am induced to send you an extract from it, confident as I am that an insertion of it in your widely circulated and respectable publication, will be the means of affording relief to the minds of many parents who may have a child thus born, when they see how simple and easy it is to instruct a mute, and that they are capable of being taught not only a language, but the blessed truths of christianity.

After reading an extract which we shall give in our next, none but sceptics will be found to deny, that the Deaf and Dumb can be as well educated by parents or common schoolmasters, as at the Asylums established for the purpose.

ARMS OF WALES AND APOLLO.

In

sacredness or purity of his character. after ages, his duties were to pourtray arms, to draw out pedigrees, and to register all family occurrences of importance. Hence the accuracy, with which the Welsh genealogies and other domestic records have been preserved from the earliest times. It is certain, therefore, that coat armour was common in Wales many centuries ago. The founders of the Five Royal Tribes of Wales, and of the Fifteen Tribes of North Wales had their peculiar armorial bearings, and some of these personages lived as early as the ninth century. But I do not think there ever were any arms peculiar to Wales as a nation; and this may have been owing to the turbulent and divided state of the country which was seldom, if ever, united under one dominion for ten years together.

If I may be allowed to pass, for a moment, "from grave to gay," I would admit with your correspondent, that Apollo, to a certainty, was never in Wales, notwithstanding that Wales has her Parnassus as well as Greece. But the fact is, (if I must confess it) that the Welsh bards and classical deities were never on terms of familiarity, not even as speaking acquaintance. The former, on the contrary, were under no obligation to any celestial worthies whatever, but, like Arachne, drew all their resources from themselves, and invoked only their own Awen. I know no exception to this practice. By the bye, I may here observe, en passant, that there were no bards "slaughtered" by Edward. It is but justice to the memory of that prince, to remove this blot from his character. The popular notion on the subject had its origin, no doubt, in the well known effusion of Gray.

I heartily concur in the wish expressed by your correspondent, that " Apollo," although an alien, "might shine out in Wales" in the form of a novel-writer, to emulate the far-famed Sir Walter. But where is the Cambro-Briton, who shall have the hardihood to say to that redoubtable knight, in the words of the celebrated Italian, "Io anchi sono pitVENEDOTA.

tore ?"

March 8, 1824.

*This is Cader Idris, in Merionethshire, alluded to in my last letter, of which the tradition of the country relates, that whoever falls asleep on its summit infallibly awakes a poet. How often the experiment has been made I am not now prepared to say.

Awen means poetical genius or inspiration, and it is not very improbable, that it may have formed the root of Aonides, one of the names of the Muses. If so, these ladies may have had more to do with Wales than I have above

LETTER

From Selina Countess of Huntingdon,

to the Rev. Wm. Dodd.

[The following letter has been put into our hands by a friend; we know not whether it has ever appeared in print, but of its being genuine and authentic, we are convinced, as we are that it will be highly acceptable to our numerous readers. There is no date to the letter, but it is evident that it was written after the reverend divine had committed the crime for which he suffered, and, indeed,

after his condemnation. Dr. Dodd was tried at the Old Bailey, Feb. 24, 1777, for forging a bond in the name of the Earl of Chesterfield, and was executed on the 27th of June in the same year. -ED.]

REV. SIR,-From the first hearing of your unfortunate situation, I could not Look for any less supplies of support and comfort for you, than to him who chose for our sakes to be numbered with transgressors. You are master of every rational and scriptural argument, and in this perhaps, inferior to few. And I earnestly pray God that these may have their place and times of consolation for you. But reason, Sir, or the wisest conclusions drawn from even truth itself neither removes the stings of guilt, nor possess the soul with that peace, which ever surpasses the best informed understanding. O! no, nothing but that voice of Almighty power, that spoke from the cross to your suffering companion there, can be your point now; and we all like him, must pass sentence upon ourselves, and say, we indeed receive the due reward of our deeds; how soon then the welcome request, Lord remember me, &c. reached the heart of our divine substitute; how speedy the relief; how lasting and complete the comfort. The meaning of my prayers and tears for your grief, would have no other language, but, "Go and do thou likewise." Forgive and do not wonder you should find my views so limited as this seems for your only relief. Were life extended to its latest possible period, the alone solid or well grounded hope of happiness must subsist purely by this interior blessing, as making the little good we have on earth have all its safety, and all the various evils of a miserable world, wisely or rationally supported by it. Thus every thing unites to render the importunity of your suffering heart, the happy subject of this mercy. This mercy once obtained will bear you through the fluctuating emotions, and various views of life and death, which so immediately and naturally operate upon

you, and even cause you to glory in tri bulation.

May you thus rejoice in the truth and power of that religion you have so long professed and taught to others, and becoming a witness of our Saviour's grace to sinners, be enabled to preach the best sermon you ever preached in your life, and to people, the most miserable and salvation by the cross of our Lord Jesus ignorant of the high christian privilege of Christ. Should he answer the affectionate cries of his poor unworthy people for you, and that arm of infinite consolation be stretched out for your strength and eternal blessedness, how little will the appendages appear which to mere suffering nature are so bitter; and how thankfully will you see justice and mercy thus met together and mixed in that cup, so severe in the eyes of others, or should the tender compassions of royal mercy be extended to save from the present suffering hour, yet in life, or in the more remote event of death, this grace only must be the one cause of praise, through time and eternity, for you. It is this I would most affectionately recommend you day and night. And it is in him, who is able to do abundantly above all we can ask or think, I would wish to leave you, and beg to remain a sympathizing friend, and Reverend Sir, your humble servant, S. HUNTINGDON.

LITHOGRAPHY.

LITHOGRAPHY, the art of printing from stone was first discovered in the year 1800, by Aloys Senefelder, a performer of one of the German Theatres, who observed that calcareous stones had the property of receiving greasy lines, and by a pressure transmitting them to paper, and that by charging the same with ink it was possible to obtain a series of impressions. He thus became the inventor of the Lithographic art, which has excited so much curiosity lately by the specimens imported from Germany and France.

The stones made use of are principally found in Bavaria, they possess rather a lime quality, are exceedingly hard, at the same time porous. The surface of the stone being ground level with fine sand until a grain appears, it is sent to the artist, who with a chalk composed principally of grease, makes the drawing on the surface similar to drawing on paper. He has nothing more to perform but send it to the printer, who throws a solution of about one

The art has been but few years in general use in England, and not till very lately any great improvements made.

every fourteen or sixteen years. It was an institution or discipline that all young men must pass under before they could be admitted to be of the number of great men, officers, or cockarouses of the nation. The following is the manner in which it was done :

The choicest and briskest young men of the tribe, and such only as have acquired some treasure by their travels and hunting, are chosen out by their rulers to be Huskanawed, and whoever refuses to undergo this process, dares not remain among them. The ceremony is performed after the following manner :-After the performance of several odd preparatory ceremonies, the principal part of the business is to carry them into the woods and there to keep them under confinement and destitute of all society for several months, giving them no other sustenance but the infusion or decoction of some poisonous intoxicating roots; by virtue of which physic, and the severity of the discipline which they undergo, they become stark mad: in which raving condition they are kept eighteen or twenty days.

During this time, they are shut up night and day in a strong inclosure made on purpose, in shape like a sugar loaf, and every way open like a lattice, for the air to pass through. After shutting them up in this cage till the doctors find they have drank sufficiently of the Wysoccan, (as they call this mad potion) they gradually restore them to their senses, by lessening the intoxication of their diet, and then bring them back into the town, whilst still wild and crazy, through the violence of the medicine.

The undergoing this discipline is, with them, the most meritorious thing in order to preferments to the greatest posts in the nation, which they claim as their undoubted right at the next pro

motion.

The Indians pretended that this violent method of taking away their memory, is to release the youth from all childish impressions, and from that strong partiality to persons and things which is contracted before reason takes place.

They hoped by this proceeding to root out all the prepossessions and unreasonable prejudices which are fixed in the minds of children; so that the young men when they come to themselves again, may use their reason freely without being biassed by custom.

Thus also they become discharged from the remembrances of any ties of blood, and are established in a state of equality and perfect freedom, to order their actions

and dispose of their persons without any other control than that of the law of nature. HISTORICUS.

Bermondsey, May 5, 1823.

THE SEASONS.

WRITTEN BY MRS. CORNWELL
BARON WILSON.

In the smiling morn of SPRING,
When the woods were fresh and green:
And the wild-birds, round did sing,
Like the Genii of the scene;
Then, my heart, was woo'd and won,
Then, its sweetest hopes begun!
When the SUMMER's glaring ray,
Wak'd to life the opening flowers;
And the glorious God of day,
Smil'd upon, the new-deck'd bowers;
Then, my bosom's fluttering guest,
Own'd itself, too sweetly blest!
When rich AUTUMN's golden hue,
Gleam'd upon the ripened corn;
And a milder lustre threw,
O'er the blushes of the morn;
Then, my heart's best hopes betray'd,
Like Autumnal leaves did fade!
When cold WINTER's icy breath.
Froze the stream, and stript the spray;
And the chilling hand of Death,
Swept the ling'ring birds away;
Then, my heart's fond hopes all o'er,
Wither'd, sunk, to bloom no more!

He

DOING BUSINESS IN SCOTLAND. Ir is not as in England, where, when an article is offered for sale, it is immediately purchased, or at once rejected as being too dear, but here there is a long haggling and cheapening of every article successively offered. The relation of my transactions with a man, will serve to shew the general mode of doing business.-He bids me call again, which I do several times without doing any thing. wishes to be the last I do with, but all cannot be last, and all have wished to be So. After a few days I get him to proceed to business; he objects to the price of the article I offer he will not buytry to induce him, but do not offer te make any reduction. Says he, "You are over dear, Sir; I can buy the same gudes ten per cent. lower: if ye lik to tak aff ten per cent. I'll tak some of these." I tel him that a reduction in price is quite our of the question, and put my sample of the article aside; but the Scotchman wants it" Weel, Sir, it's a terrible price, but as I am oot o' it at present, I'll just tak a little till I can be supplied cheaper, but ye maun tak aff five per cent." Sir," says I, “would you not think me an unconscionable knave to ask ten or even five per cent. more than I intended to take?" He laughs at me" Hoot, hoot, man, do ye expec to get what ye.ask! Gude Lord, an was I able to get half

But,

month."

what I ask, I would soon be rich. Come, come, I'll gie ye within twa an a half of your ain price, and gude faith, man. ye'll be well paid.' I tell him that 1 never make any reduction from the price I first demand, and that an adherence to the rule saves much trouble to both parties. "Weel, weel," says he, "since you maun hae it a' your ain way, I maun e'en take the article; but really I think you are over keen." So much for buying and selling: then comes the settlement. "Hoo muckle discount do you tak aff, Sir:" "Discount! you cannot expect it; the account has been standing a twelve"Indeed, but I do expec discount pay siller without discount; na, na, Sir, that's not the way here ye maun deduct five per cent.' I tell him that I make no discount at all: "Weel, Sir, I'll gie ye nae money at a'." Rather than go without a settlement, I at last agree to take off two and a half per cent. from the amount, which is accordingly deducted. "I have ten shillings doon against ye for short measure, and fifteen shillings for damages." "Indeed these are heavy deductions; but if you say that you shall lose to that amount, I suppose that I must allow it." "Oh, aye, its a right then, Sir, eight shillings and four-pence for pack sheet, and thirteen shillings for carriage and postage." These last items astonish me: "What, Sir," says I, are we to pay all the charges in your business ?" But if I do not allow these to be taken off, he will not pay his account; so I acquiesce, resolving within myself, that since these unfair deductions are made at settlement, it would be quite fair to charge an additional price to cover the extortion. I now congratulate myself on having concluded my business with the man, but am disappointed. "Hae ye a stawmpe," asks he; "A stamp, for what ?" "Just to draw ye a bill," replies he: "A bill, my good Sir; I took off two and a half per cent. on the faith of being paid in cash." But he tells me it is the custom of the place, to pay in bills, and sits down and draws me a bill at three months after date, payable at his own shop. "And what can I do with this ?" "Oh, ye may tak it to Sir William's, and he'll discount it for you, on paying him three months interest;"" and what can I do with his notes ?" "He'll gie ye a bill in London at forty-five days." So, Sir, after allowing you twelve months credit, and two and a half per cent discount, and exorbitant charges which you have no claim on us to pay, I must be content with a bill which we are not to cash for four months and a half. "Weel, weel, and now, Sir," says he. "If you are

66

ABOUT eight o'clock on every Friday evening, during the season, (for I assure you the city has its seasons "a Negro has a soul, your Honour,") a large mass of hackney-coaches may be seen plying about the purlieus of Cheapside, the same having been hired to convey our city fashionables to the scene of festivity. Dancing commences precisely at nine, and the display of jewels would not discredit the parish of Marylebone. The large room with the mirror at the lower end is devoted to quadrilles. Waltzes were at first proscribed, as foreign, and consequently indecent: but three of the six Miss Robertses discovered acciden tally one morning, while two of the other three were tormenting poor Mozart into an undulating see-saw on the piano, that they waltzed remarkably well. The rule thenceforward was less rigidly enforced. Yet still the practice is rather scouted by the more sober part of the community. Lady Brown bridles, and heartily regrets that such filthy doings are not confined to Paris: while Lady Simms thanks God that her daughter never danced a single waltz in the whole course of her life. This instance of self-denial ought to be recorded, for Miss Simms's left leg is shorter than her right. Nature evidently meant her for a waltzer of the first water and magnitude, but philosophy has operated upon her as it did upon Socrates. There is a young broker named Carter, who has no very extensive connexion, in Mark-lane, but he has notwithstanding contrived to waltz himself into a subscription. He regularly takes out Harriet Roberts, and, after swinging with her round the room till the young woman is sick and faint, he performs a like feat with Jane Roberts, and successively with Betsy. The exhibitor of samples, when this is well over, is as giddy as a goose. He therefore retires to take a little breath; but in about ten minutes returns to the large apartment like a giant refreshed, claps his hands, calls out "Zitti zitti" to the leader of the band, and starts afresh with Lucy, Charlotte, and Jemima Roberts, in three consecutive quadrilles. The pertinacity of this young man is indeed prodigious. When the most experienced quadrillers are bowled out of