should at all times use distinct speech. It was made imperative that customers should not be annoyed by clerks who could not be heard across the counter or whose replies to inquiries over the telephone were always indistinct and unsatisfactory; in short, that every employee who expected to hold his place with that firm should at all times employ clear and businesslike speech.

We find that the demand for clear speaking is found in nearly every commercial field at the present time. Employees are rapidly coming to realize its value, and those who seek positions of responsibility soon discover how important it is as a commercial asset. No longer is it possible for persons in responsible positions to speak in "just any way that it happens." Conditions are now such that they demand clear and effective speech, and this necessitates a mastery of the principles of good enunciation.

PRACTICAL EXERCISES IN ENUNCIATION

INDIVIDUAL SOUNDS

EXERCISE I. Work for a definite muscular impression of each vowel sound by means of such combinations as the following from Bell's vowel chart:

――――――――――――

ale eel - pool
I. ah.
2. awl-pole — pool

- pole
pole-pool - eel-ale- ah.

3. awl-pull pool - eelill-ale-ell — air.

4. ah

ale

awl-ah.

· ell an

6. ah-ah-ah

0-0-0

- awl.

5. ah-ah-ah-o-o-o-e-e-e-o-o-o-ah-ah-ah.

e-e-e

ill — eel — pool — pull — pole

0-0-0

ah-ah-ah.

EXERCISE II. Work for precise and delicate touch on the following vowel and consonant combinations.

ah

ah

ah-ka-ka-ka - kar

―――――――――

ah
pa-pa-pa- par
ah -ba-ba-ba bar
ah — da-da-da dar
ah-fa-fa-fa- far

na-na-na- nar

ma-ma-ma-mar

3. tah-dah-lah-pah-bah-fah-vah—mah

SYLLABLES

EXERCISE III. Enunciate the following words, bringing out each individual syllable distinctly, yet linking them all properly.

1. The following are dependent upon teeth and tongue : accredited, education, stupendous, tremendous, credulous, arduous.

thither, thence, thine, thin, throne, writhe, wreath, tithe, booth, scythe, with, though, blithe, æsthetic, athletic, mathematics.

persist, cease, decease, effervesce, resuscitate, reminiscent, statistics, statistician, schism, scenic, height.

seize, quiz, disease, chasm, casualty, casual, casuistry, azure, leisure.

2. The following require definite action of the tongue :

parallel, eligible, all, law, lawful, lawless, lowly, lily, lilting, elegant, liable.

error, rare, horror, mirror, rarely, mirroring, wither, whither. 3. The following require precision of the lips and teeth: support, supplant, purport, perplex, poplar, popular, pulpit, people, plump, plumb, plow, probable, probably, probability.

being, beaming, ebony, ebbing, rubber, rubbing, robber, rabid, corroborate, proper, proposition, biblical.

vivid, vivacity, vivacious, irreverent, irrelevant, dive, divide, divisible, revival.

fifth, effort, nymph, fifteenth, fiftieth, triumph, physical, effervescent.

witch, which, whist, what, wheat, whole, thwart, unholy, wholesome, wholesale.

4. In the following the palate and throat play an important part:

judge, edge, ridge, jug, egg, go, get, give, dirigible, prejudice, jugular.

choir, chorus, quarrel, querulous, curious, pique, quick, exquisite, creak, asked, kept, tact, attacked, cracked, skate, chick, cheek.

5. In the following the nasal cavities have an important

in

ence:

mammal, animal, memorable, murmur, mimic, emblem, mechanic, romantic.

knowledge, known, knead, king, hang, lung, going, arctic, article, articulate.

WORDS AND COMBINATIONS OF WORDS

Enunciate the following sentences with careful attention to consecutive words.

1. Sink or swim; live or die; survive or perish; I give my heart and my hand to this vote. (Avoid saying, "Sink'er swim; liv'er die; serviv'er perish.")

2. What will he do? When will he

go ?

3. I am glad that my weak words have struck but thus much show of fire from Brutus.

4. Rich gifts wax poor when givers prove unkind.

5. Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pronounced it to you, trippingly on the tongue; but if you mouth it, as many of your players do, I had as lief the town-crier spoke my lines.

6. They met me in the day of success; and I have learned by the perfectest report, they have more in them than mortal knowledge.

7.

8.

That but this blow

Might be the be-all and the end-all here,
But here, upon the bank and shoal of time,

We 'ld jump the life to come.

Better be with the dead,

Whom we, to gain our peace, have sent to peace,
Than on the torture of the mind to lie

In restless ecstasy.

9. Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill.
My way of life

IO.

Is fall'n into the sear, the yellow leaf;
And that which should accompany old age,
As honour, love, obedience, troops of friends,

I must not look to have; but, in their stead
Curses, not loud but deep, mouth-honour, breath,
Which the poor heart would fain deny, and dare not.

CHAPTER VII

PRONUNCIATION

The importance of correct pronunciation for the educated person cannot be overestimated. In public speaking it is indispensable, for the mispronunciation of a few common words which everyone ought to know marks the speaker at once as either deficient in scholarship or slovenly in method. No fault of the public speaker is more readily observed or more severely condemned by an intelligent audience than that of careless pronunciation.

The student of speaking cannot be too painstaking in perfecting himself on this side of the work. He should exercise the same care with his pronunciation in speaking that he would with his spelling or punctuation in writing. Indeed, those who will judge him by his spelling or punctuation will likely be few compared with those who will pass judgment upon him by the way in which he pronounces common English words. It behooves him, therefore, to become as proficient as possible in his pronunciation.

Pronunciation defined. Pronunciation is the correct utterance of words in four particulars:

I. Correctness of the vowel sounds, as 'get," not

९९

git"; "since," not sence."

2. Correctness of the consonant sounds, as "profuse," not "profuze"; "exit," not egzit."