when a few days afterwards, she was told of news reached London, and the day was the retreat.'-ib. pp. 331–333. henceforward called Black Friday.' Great was the panic among the inhabitants of those towns which lay nearest the Happily for the honor as well as the safety of England, such instances of en-rebel army. All valuables and money were thusiasm in a worthless cause, were rare. buried, the few clothes that could be most The government, meanwhile, directed easily conveyed away were packed in bunlarge force of horse and foot, under Sir dies; and horses and carts stood ready, John Ligonier, to march direct into Lan- even through the night, to convey the af cashire, which was followed by the Duke frighted inhabitants to some more distant of Cumberland, who put himself at their asylum. In Leicester, as we have heard head. The weather had now set in most from those among the recollections of severely; the flannel waistcoats, therefore, whose boy hood the rebellion' occupied the gift of the kind Quakers, and which the foremost place, the confusion was exwere sent after the army to Coventry, were treme. Not only were valuables, even to most acceptable. Fearing lest these forces the silver spoons, buried, but the pewter might fail to intercept the rebel army, the also; and but for the wooden trenchers and government proceeded to direct a camp to horn spoons, the good people would have be formed on Finchley Common, consisting been reduced to eat their dinners in a most of the guards, part of Ligonier's regiment primitive manner. of horse, Sir Robert Rich's dragoons, and As far as we can judge, the followers of the associated regiment,' made up of barthe young Pretender seem to have behaved risters, under the command of Chief Jus- themselves better than might have been extice Willes-another proof, and a rather pected from half-clothed savages, who until singular one, of the general feeling against this, their first campaign, had never seen a the Pretender-and a park of artillery, un- watch, or a looking-glass. Still, surroundder the direction of the oldest and most ed by so many luxuries, and certainly under experienced officers. In the midst of all a discipline much less strict than that of their anxieties, the capture in the Downs the English troops, that they made free with of the Soleil privateer, with the Earl of most articles which on their march they Derwentwater, his son, and several French took a fancy to, is tolerably certain. Inofficers, gave them cause for rejoicing deed, it is to the position occupied by the Derwentwater's son, on his arrival in Lon-Highland clans, that we are inclined to bedon, was mistaken by the mob for the lieve the reluctant aid of the English Jacoyounger brother of the Pretender, and was with difficulty rescued from being torn in pieces. bites must after all be attributed. In London the eye of the government was indeed upon them; but in the north of England, Nearly every day now produces an extra- where town after town opened its gates to ordinary Gazette; and interesting is it to the young adventurer, what was to prevent follow in them the progress of these excitthem from joining his banner, even as their ing events. On the intelligence being regrandfathers had joined that of Charles 1. ? ceived that the rebel army are advancing What could it be? save that while in the into Derbyshire, the panic became great, latter case they saw a king, bred, although and when the news actually arrived that not born in England, surrounded by Enthe young Pretender had entered Derby, allglish gentlemen, and supported by English business was at a stand, the shops were closed, and the orders issued to the train yeomanry; in the present case they saw, bands and to the regular troops that guard-were prepared-but one, un-English in his not only a foreign prince-for this they ed the metropolis, proved that the citizens manners, tastes, and very dress; and he, viewed themselves almost as the inhabit ants of a besieged city.* On Friday the * The story told by Horace Walpole that a severe run on the Bank was the consequence, and that to gain time, payments were made in sixpences, we disbelieve That the London Ja cobites some days before, attempted to create a run on the Bank, is certain, and Sir John Hinde Cotton is alluded to in the papers, as being the most active. encompassed, not by bold English yeomen, but by foreigners who looked upon England as a field for plunder, and were alike ignorant of her language and her history. Two days Charles remained at Derby, exulting in the success that had hitherto attended him; and on the first night, ' turning his whole conversation to the triumphal entry into his father's capital, and deliberating whether he should appear in an En glish or a Highland dress.' (!) But even at that moment his adherents were determining on an immediate retreat to Scot land. said to have shed tears of vexation on finding himself unable to overcome the repugnance of his followers to a farther advance; and at last, after a stormy discussion of several hours, the council broke up without coming to any determination. 'During the afternoon, Charles endeavored vainly to induce individual chiefs to come over cil was held, when not one voice was raised in to his views, and in the evening a second counsupport of the prince's views, and even his proposal to march into Wales, that the numerous Jacobites of the principality might have an opportunity to declare themselves, was unanimously disapproved of. O'Sullivan and Secretary Murray pointed out to him that the army would never fight well, if all the chiefs acted with unwillingness; and, finding that to yield to his wishes, he at length reluctantly he could not prevail upon one of his officers consented to a retreat, adding, that in future, as he was accountable for his actions only to God and his father, he would call no more councils of war.'-ib. pp. 337-341. 'Lord George Murray put himself forward as spokesman for the rest. He began by observing that the English Jacobites had displayed none of the zeal that had been expected from them; that the looked-for landing of a French corps had not taken place, that longer to act upon the hope of either of those events would be inconsistent with their own safety, as Marshall Wade was already marching through Yorkshire, to occupy their rear, while the Duke of Cumberland was before them at Lichfield; that, in case of a farther advance, they would have to encounter a third army, assembled at Finchley: that the prince had only five thousand fighting men to oppose to these three corps, whose joint force could scarcely fall short of thirty thousand; that the army at Finchley, formed of the guards and new levies, was said to consist of twenty thousand men, and that, however exaggerated such an estimate might be, yet, even supposing the prince could break through it and enter London, his own force was too small to enable him to assume a commanding position there, or to afford protection to his own friends. He next endeavored to show how much more might even yet be hoped for from a retreat to Scotland, than from a rash and hopeless march to London. "Already," continued Lord George, pointing to the despatches which the prince not merely spoiled, but attempted to set had received that morning, "we learn that Lord John Drummond has landed at Montrose, with the regiment of Royal Scots and some piquets of the Irish brigade, so that the whole force under Lord Strathallan, ready to join us from Perth, is not less three or four thousand men." Deeply mortified, the young adventurer had now to retrace his steps. He quitted Derby on the 6th of December for Ashbourn, and thence proceeded through Manchester to Carlisle. The Highlanders were violent in their expressions of anger and disappointment; and even Tory writers are forced to confess, that on their retreat they on the following day, he crossed the Esk with some difficulty, and re-entered Scotland, closely followed by the Duke of Cumberland's forces. As soon as the troops found themselves on Scottish ground, they rent the air with their cheers-cheers that smote like a knell on the ear of the young adventurer. fire to some villages. Justice demands that this should be borne in mind, when the conduct of the victorious army at Culloden is considered. At Penrith the little army had a narrow escape from the Duke of Cumberland's dragoons, who overtook the 'It was in vain that Charles, after having rear. In the conflict, however, the dralistened impatiently to these arguments, still goons were defeated, and Charles arrived sought to encourage his followers with the at Carlisle on the 17th. Quitting Carlisle hope that his English friends would all declare themselves as soon as he arrived in London, and that a landing of French troops would still take place on the coast of Kent or Essex. He held out the prospect of mutiny and desertion among the troops at Finchley, and reminded his friends that bold measures had often made up for the numerical inferiority of an army. He bade them remember in how marked a manner Providence had so far blessed his enterprise, and, repelling all considerations of persona security, he cried, "Rather than go back, I would wish to be twenty feet under ground!" The other members of the council assented to the arguments of Murray, either in words, or by a not less expressive silence. Charles summoned all his powers of eloquence to make his friends view the case in this light; and, when he saw his arguments of no avail, he had recourse to entreaties, conjuring first one and then another not to desert his prince at his utmost need. He is even The news of the retreat of the rebel army seems scarcely to have been believed in London. It is first mentioned in the Gazette, as a rumor; and the extraordinary Gazette, published the next day, hardly takes the tone of certainty. Meanwhile, whether to reassure their friends, or to intimidate the government, the Jacobites appear to have been very active. Copies of the Pretender's proclamation were dropped about in various parts of London; and ru 6 mors of a French fleet having appeared off vice. vorable effect likely to be produced by this unfortunate accident, neglected nothing that might serve to soften the anger of the offended clan. The body of the slain man was placed in the same vault in which reposed the body of John Graham, who died in battle under Wallace, and Charles himself attended the funeral as chief mourner. The tribe of Glengarry were not, however, appeased, but, in the spirit of feudal vengeance, demanded life for life. Clanranald reluctantly yielded up his follower, who was taken out and shot, his own ferings might be the sooner terminated. Even father joining in the fire, that the youth's sufthis wild act of vengeance did not satisfy the Glengarry men, the greater part of whom abandoned the prince's standard and returned to their mountains.-ib. pp. 352, 383. Soon afterwards, the siege of Stirling Castle was raised, and greatly against the wishes of Charles, the remains of his army retreated northward. Irritated at the defeat of Hawley, the Duke of Cumberland, offered to take chief command of the army in Scotland, and on his appointment he set out at one in the morning, and never stopped day or night until he arrived at Edin burgh. The progress of the young Pretender in Scotland was disastrous. Unable to return to Edinburgh he proceeded to Glasgow, a city which having found the benefits of the union, was indisposed to hail the representative of the Stuarts. The inhabitants were, therefore, amerced £10,000, chiefly in clothing for the troops, who then marched onward to Stirling, where the siege of the castle under the direction of French engineers, was commenced. In order to raise the siege General Hawley was despatched from Edinburgh (which was now wholly Respecting this young prince, great difin the hands of the government), to give ference of opinion has, as our readers are battle. This was fought on the 17th of aware, prevailed. We have too far exceedJanuary, and Charles, who had partly re-ed our limits, now, to enter on the question. covered from his disappointment, rode The same want of space compels us to through the ranks, with the Marquis pass over the progress of the young Pred'Eguilles, addressing words of encouragement to the troops, among whom were some French regiments. In this battle the English were defeated, chiefly in consequence of the fatiguing march which they had undergone, and the hopes of the Jacobites were in England, almost revived again, when news was brought of the victory of Falkirk. This triumph was however diastrous in its results. The Highlanders, who had been stimulated by hopes of plunder, after having loaded themselves with the spoil, set off in crowds to their native mountains; while an unfortunate occurrence, which forcibly exhibits their semi-barbarous character, still farther reduced the numbers of the rebel army. 'A clansman of Clanranald's was examining a musket, part of his booty, at an open window, when the piece went off, and killed a son of Glengarry, who was passing through the street. The prince, conscious of the unfa* London Gazette, Dec 14th. This Gazette contains eight pages closely filled with proclamations and military intelligence. tender, until his hopes were finally crushed on the 16th of April, at the battle of Culloden. His subsequent escapes, and vicissitudes, until he at length embarked for France, are well known. As a romantic portion of history, they possess much interest, but for the purposes for which history ought to be written, the period to which we have directed the attention of our readers, is the most important. In tracing the course of English history, it is very interesting to observe, how, from time to time, circumstances have arisen, which have compelled our countrymen to take their stand on the great principles of liberty. Sometimes a political revolution has been the result; sometimes the effects can only be traced in the firmer stand and bolder tone that has been taken; and the actual, tangible issue has, perhaps, not appeared until the next generation, or even the next century. Such, unquestionably, was the case with the rebellion of 1745. Men had almost settled on their lees, and finding rest pleasant, began to lose sight of great principles for which their fore those 320 fathers had battled and died. IMPRESSIONS OF FRANCE. The ap From Tait's Magazine. IMPRESSIONS OF FRANCE. Impressions and Observations of a Young proach of a descendant of the Stuarts, compelled them to call to mind what Stuart principles were, and although in their denunciation of those principles, they were far from taking the lofty ground which might justly have been taken, still a ' movement, which set quiet citizens talking of THIS small volume consists of detached the patriotism of Hampden, and the public spirit of Cromwell, and which made even sentences or short paragraphs, extracted deans and prebendaries, abjure and ab- from the diary of a girl of sixteen; who, hor' in their addresses to the throne at though of English parentage, passed her least-arbitrary power, was not without its earliest years in Paris and different parts of use. The arousing of an indolent age by France; and was, till past childhood, a the stirring watchword civil and religious stranger to her own country. With Engliberty,' produced an important effect upon land, when she did see it, she was charmed. the youth of that period, and gave an im- Her impressions and observations indicate, pulse to many noble spirits. The speeches however, that she is not insensible to those of Chatham, the letters of Junius, and points, especially in the economy or phimany a less known, but influential work, losophy of daily life, in which the French A few of the parawere the result-even those importunate excel the English. yearnings for political reform,-which, graphs will give a clear idea of the work, though deriving fresh impulse from the about which there is nothing juvenile save French Revolution, had originated long the years and fresh-mindedness of the writer. before, may all be traced to 'the fortyfive. PEWS.-Until I visited England, I had never seen church pews. Their exclusiveness, and the variety of colors with which they are lined, has a strange effect after foreign churches, where every person, in whatever station of life, enters and takes a chair indiscriminately; the rich and the poor, the high and the low, are all considered equal before our Heavenly Father. FETES.-The French are so fond of fêtes, that they have one for the dead, fête des morts; and even one for the Deity, jêle Dieu. Alas! for our non-conforming forefathers! they knew not their day! Influential as they were found to be in town and country-courted as they were by king's ministers and church dignitaries, what prevented them from demanding, and from obtaining too,-perfect religious freedom? What, but that strange fatuity, which, with the failures at the Restoration, at the Revolution, and at the accession of the house of Brunswick, before their eyes-made DRESS. At theatres and other public places them fall into the self-same snare, and with suicidal liberality, postpone insisting on in France, except at the Italian Opera, which their claims until that more convenient is usually resorted to, previously to balls season,' which Church and State' deter-and other réunions, young ladies are sel dom seen décolletées; the exposure of the mined should never arrive. What a picture neck and shoulders is not considered good of almost childish trustfulness does the taste; when the dress is low, the neck is usualhistory of our people present; and yet, un-ly covered by a scarf or collar. Children, too, taught by the four times repeated lesson, are generally more warmly clad here than in some, even now, in this age of fierce and England; the French attributing the cause eager conflict-of violent and persisting and prevalence of consumptive complaints demands, would have us sit quiet, and to the want of sufficient clothing in childagain await the more convenient season.' But let us prove that we have not read our history in vain. Let us be wiser! hood. French ladies, although plainly dressed, have so much good taste, that their apparel is always elegant and sits well. English Marchandes de modes and Couturières are apt to overload with ornament, or, as the French so well express it, chargent; they will not understand that a really well made dress rather loses than gains by their favorite "trimmings," and with them there is no end to the feathers, flowers, and ribbons. The French, on the contrary, seek to combine the greatest elegance with the greatest VILLAGES." Oft in those pleasant villages of France" reads very prettily in poetry, but I have never had the good fortune to see one. There are no pretty cottages overrun with wild flowers, no village green with its pond, its ducks, and chubby little children, so prettily described by Miss Mitford; no bowling-green road running through it; the whole has an air of malaise. possible simplicity; every thing must be rich | delightful. The climate of France is so dry, and good, but never overloaded. that dew is nearly unknown. The evenings of summer are not relieved by any damp, and are often more oppressive than during the day. To the effect of dew may possibly be attributed the fraîcheur, as the French call it, of the English complexion, that beautiful union of red and white, so much more pleasing than the dead white admired in the Parisian cheek. A French_lady, Madame de G, née Princesse de B- has been heard to say, that whenever there was a brouillard, she either walked in the open air, or put her head out of the window, in the hope of catching some English fraîcheur. A HINT.-Many parasols and purses are forgotten in public carriages; this has probably given rise to a very good practice adopted in Paris for their restoration. The coachman, on your entering, gives a card with the number of his carriage, thus enabling you to reclaim any forgotten articles at the office where the coach is known. THE WINDOWS of English houses have one advantage over those in France; they can be opened without disturbing any thing placed before them, and without risk of tearing the curtains. The quantity of air required, can be admitted into the room, whilst at least half of the French window must be opened for this purpose. The French window has, however, an appearance of greater freedom in summer, which is the reason probably for its being adopted in English country houses, and at watering places. ARTISTS form a very numerous and distinct class in Paris; they wear a peculiar dress en Raphael, and affect a sort of contempt for the more useful, but, as they consider, less refined pursuits of commerce. DESIGN.-The French excel in handsome patterns; however coarse the material, the dessin is sure to be bold and striking. There appears no profession in England answering to the dessinateur who traces patterns: a French lady in London, wishing to embroider a handkerchief, asked me to take her to a dessinateur, but, upon inquiry, I was unable to find one. The want of fountains in London appears strange; the French are very fond of them; Paris abounds in them; and the Place de la Concorde owes its chief beauty to them. They give the capital an air of coolness and gaiety, particularly in summer. The French excel in out-door ornaments. FOGS. A Parisian fog is vapory, and looks like the ghost of a London one; it does not give the same melancholy appearance to the A stranger in London is struck with the number of provision shops. In Paris, those for dress and ornaments are most numerous; the public markets may partly account for this; for the sight is not here so frequently offended by raw meat hung out for sale at the butchers' shops. In the boutiques de charcuterie it is reflected by handsome mirrors; the shops are generally ornamented with flowers, and at one season of the year, the charcuterie is dressed out like twelfth-cakes. SHOPKEEPERS.-The English shopkeepers French; their civility amounts to servility; appear in an unfavorable light after the they thank you so much for nothing, and offer so many things which you do not want, that to enter a shop in London becomes disagreeable. NURSEMAIDS.-It has often surprised me never to have seen noticed by an older observer, or an abler pen, the vast difference between French and English nursery-maids, and bonnes d'enfans. In England, it is not uncommon to see young children left to the care of girls from fifteen to seventeen, the most thoughtless age in life; to whom, to trust one's whilst the most precious of all treasures, young would be considered almost madness; property children, are freely confided to them: indeed it would seem that girls disqualified by youth and inexperience for any other service, are best suited for this. A woman who would house, or laundry-maid, will freely do so for a not dare to offer you her daughter as a cook, place in the nursery. In France, there is no sight more agreeable than the respectable, matronly-looking bonnes d'enfans, who are seen in the costumes of their province, attending their young charges either in the Tuileries garden, at Paris, or in the shade of the promenade publique which generally surrounds every French country town. In quitting France I should miss three things: shoes, stays, and chocolate bonbons. INNS.-French inns, although less clean and comfortable, appear to me to have this superiority over those in England; in France, the |