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clared themselves ready to make every sacri-
fice, and to use every exertion to arm their
countryinen once more for the house of Stuart,
if the prince was not to be shaken in his reso-
lution to hazard every thing on a desperate
throw.'-ib. pp. 184—186.

'On the following morning, Charles sent a messenger to Macdonald of Clanranald, the proprietor of that and the neighboring islands, and whom he knew to be devoted to his cause. Clanranald happened to be absent on the mainland; the prince, therefore. despatched a second messenger to Clanranald's uncle, Macdonald of Boisdale, who chanced at the time to be in the vicinity, and whom he invited to repair immediately on board of the Dentelle. Boisdale appeared, but only to express his firm conviction that the enterprise must necessarily end in disaster; without the least reserve, he called it one verging on insanity; assured the prince that, as he had arrived in Scotland without French aid, he must neither reckon on Clanranald, nor on Alexander Mac-ifestation, and accordingly, on the 19th of donald, nor the Laird of MacLeod, two chiefs

on whose devotion to his cause Charles had placed the firmest reliance. The old man urged the immediate return of the whole expedition, as the only course that remained open. It was in vain that Charles employed all his powers of persuasion to represent his affairs in a more favorable light to the ancient partisan of his family; Boisdale remained in flexible, and went back to his isle in a boat.'— ib. p. 182.

Charles now landed. He was conducted
to Borodale, and was entertained with his
followers by Angus Macdonald. While
here the highland chieftains flocked to him;
and when he went on to Kinloch Moidart,
he was met by Murray of Broughton, the
chief agent of the Lowland Jacobites. The
time had now arrived for a more open man-

August, Charles unfurled his father's ban-
ner in the vale of Glenfinnan.

Meanwhile, it may be well asked what was doing in England, and the answer must be, just nothing at all. The case was, that although Henry Pelham and his brother, the Duke of Newcastle, were leaders of the ministry, they were far from possessing even the usual power, much less that power which was necessary for men with such The little vessel, bearing what the Jaco- responsibilities, and at such a crisis. It bites fondly called Cæsar and his for- was only in the spring that they had been tunes,' next anchored on the coast of In-able to surmount the opposition of Lord verness, and a messenger was sent to Clanranald to invite him on board, but he declined taking any part in the coming con

test.

Granville, and his party; but although in
the House of Commons they were triumph-
ant, it was well known that the king viewed
them with absolute hatred. Although, too,
on the whole, they had a majority among
their colleagues, still there were some that
hampered them greatly. One of these was
Lord Chesterfield, who it was believed
would willingly give in his adhesion to
James I. of England,' for a due consid-
eration;' and the Marquess of Tweedale
was another, a warm friend of Lord Gran-
ville, and of course a bitter opponent of
the Pelhams, and he held the important of
fice of secretary of state for Scotland.

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'During their conversation, Charles and the chiefs had been walking up and down the deck. A Highlander stood near them, armed at all points, according to the custom of the country. He was a younger brother of Kinlock Moidart, and had come into the vessel without the slightest knowledge as to who was on board. The conversation, however, to which he had been a witness, had made him aware of the truth, and had evidently thrown him into the greatest agitation. When he gathered from the discourse that the stranger was the Prince of Wales, and when he heard his chief and From the Pelham correspondence we his brother refuse to take arms for their right- learn that Mr. Trevor, minister at the ful sovereign, as they believed him, his color Hague, sent notice to the Duke of Newwent and came, his eyes sparkled, he shifted castle, even at the time of the young Prehis place, and instinctively grasped the hilt of tender having set sail; and in consequence, his sword. Charles observed the excitement the proclamation, offering £39,000 for him of the young mountaineer, and suddenly turned upon him with the words, "Will you, at if he should land, appeared. But the procleast, assist me?" "I will, I will!" cried Ra-lamation excited no attention, and a fortnald; "though no other man in the Highlands night passed away, in which nothing was should draw a sword for you, I am ready to die done save an urgent message to the king, for you." Charles eagerly thanked the warm-who was in Hanover, entreating his return. hearted youth, saying that he only wished This message the king seems to have viewall the Highlanders were like him. The imed as some official trick-Walpole had sufplied reproach was scarcely needed. The en

thusiasm of Ranald immediately communica- ficiently accustomed him to such-and he ted itself to the chiefs. The voice of prudence therefore did not hurry himself to comply. was no longer listened to. They at once de- In the mean time, the Duke of Argyle was

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in daily correspondence with the ministers. 'The excited multitude, however, had not praying for a greater military force to be vet beheld the hero of the day. It was not sent to Scotland. This was ridiculed by till noon that Charles set forth to take possession of Holyrood House, the palace of his anthe Marquess of Tweedale; and about this cestors. To arrive there, it was necessary to time Mr. Pelham writes, I am not so ap make a considerable round, in order to avoid prehensive of the zeal and strength of our the guns of the castle. He entered the King's enemies, as of the inability or languidness park by a breach which had been made in of our friends.' The first news of the the wall, and proceeded towards the palace young Pretender's landing does not seem, by the Duke's Walk, so termed because it had been the favorite resort of his grandfather, indeed, to have awakened fear in any part James I., when he resided in Scotland as of the country. Meanwhile, the Highland Duke of York, some years before his accesclans were flocking to the adventurer, and sion to the throne. Thus far Charles had his army was daily increasing and at proceeded on foot, but the gathering and imlength King George, on the 31st, returned patient crowd pressed around with such eagerfrom Hanover. He received the Pelhamsness, to kiss his hand or touch his garments, very coldly, expressed his disbelief of the extent of the rebellion, and it was with the greatest difficulty they could obtain his consent to the return of four regiments from Flanders.

that he was forced to mount on horseback, when he continued his way with the Duke of Perth on one side, and Lord Elcho, who had joined him the preceding night. on the other. His noble mien and his graceful horsemanship, says Mahon, could not fail to strike even On the 3rd of September part of the the most indifferent spectators; and they Highland army entered Perth, and pro- were scarcely less pleased at his national claimed the old Pretender king at the dress-a tartan coat, a blue bonnet with a cross, and his son regent; and the news of white cockade, and a star of the order of St. this seems at length to have convinced the Andrew. With fonder partiality, the Jacobites compared his features to those of his anking that the Pelhams had not been alarm-cestor, Robert Bruce, or sought some other ed without cause. From Perth, the young resemblance among the pictures of his ancesPretender's progress toward Edinburgh was tors that still decorate the gallery of Holyrood. unopposed. He proceeded, crossing the The joy of the adherents of his house knew plain of Bannockburn, to Falkirk, and no bounds. The air resounded with their acthence to Linlithgow. To Edinburgh his clamations; and as he rode onward, 'his boots were dimmed with their kisses and tears.' march was now directed, and the magis- The palace of his ancestors was found by trates who only ten days before had sent Charles nearly in the same condition in which up a most loyal and dutiful address to the his grandfather had left it, with the exception king, saw the city gates opened, and the of the Catholic chapel, which had been detroops of the Pretender quietly admitted. stroyed by the populace in 1688. The long 'It passed as quietly,' says Home, deserted chambers were that evening enlivened by a ball; and as on the eve of another when one guard relieves another.' great battle,

as

At day-break, the Camerons marched up to the cross, and there they remained until mid-day.

"The lamps shone o'er fair women and brave

men;

A thousand hear's beat happily; and when
Music arose with its voluptuous swell,
Soft eyes looked love to eyes which spake
again,

And all went merry as a marriage bell."

'The fatigues of the preceding days, and the anxiety that could not but be felt with respect to the coming battle, were alike unable to depress the buoyant spirits of Charles, or to impair his natural vivacity and power of pleasing. The enthusiasm of the ladies was

'At noon another striking spectacle was presented to the inhabitants of Edinburgh. At the old cross, already so renowned in Scottish annals, the heralds and pursuivants, in their ancient and gorgeous official costume, came forward to proclaim King James VIII and to read the royal declarations and commissions of regency, which were received by the populace with the loudest acclamations The wild music of the Pibrochs mingled with the shouts of the crowd; a thousand fair hands waved with white handkerchiefs in honor of the day, from the neighboring windows and balconies; and Mrs. Murray of Broughton, a lady of distinguished beauty, sat on horse-ome a representative of Scotland's rightful kings.'—ib. pp. 262-265. back near the cross, with a drawn sword in one hand, and with the other distributing white cockades, the symbol of attachment to the house of Stuart.

bounded, and many a fair waverer was perhaps confirmed in her devotion to the house of Stuart, by the graceful dancing of so hand

On turning to the newspapers of the period, it is curious to see how rapidly the

fears of all classes in England now increase. I their flocks to act worthy of their fore-
Advertisements from the different London fathers. The cry through all London now
parishes appear, offering bounties of five seems to have been to arms.' Troops of
pounds a head for each able-bodied man horse were raised, volunteer companies
who will enlist; the train bands are sum- formed, the trained bands were regularly
moned to attend, that the oath pledging drilled, and while exhortations to loyalty in
them to a war à l'outrance against popery papers, and speeches and pamphlets
and Jacobitism may be duly administered; abounded, due care was taken to denounce
the address of the Corporation of London the principles of the Stuarts; and once
denounces in good set terms, this unnatu- more, even in the government papers, the
ral rebellion, and the Archbishop of York names of Pym, Hampden, nay of Crom-
urges the gentry throughout his diocese to well himself, were pronounced with warm
form an association, not only to withstand eulogy.
the pope, and the pretender, but 'to uphold
our rights and liberties against the en-
croachments of arbitrary power-rare
words these, from an archbishop! And
influential words were they, for £90,000
were soon subscribed by the gentry, in
support of the government.

A more important aid was offered by the London merchants, who consented to take bank notes instead of specie; and when on the 26th of September the agreement was prepared for signature, no less than eleven hundred and forty* signed, in the short space of three hours. All these names are given in the Gazette, and on looking over them, we were struck with the number of old familiar names' that appear. Full half, we should say, on the most moderate computation, are still well known names in the city. It has been traditionally asserted, that this was arranged by the leading dissenters, and from the anxiety with which they naturally viewed the invasion of a Stuart, we think it probably

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Among those who particularly distinguished themselves at this crisis, were the Spitalfields silk manufacturers, who, grateful for the protection afforded them, not only entered into a liberal subscription, but considering the great and many blessings we enjoy under his most sacred and illustrious majesty,' agreed to raise, and arm at their own cost, a body of soldiers, from among their own workmen. The French extraction of these worthy men may be recognized in the reverential terms in which they approach the throne. In their address there is no mention of liberty, or of rights secured by the English constitution. For the religious freedom they enjoyed, they appear most grateful; but of civil freedom, the only basis of the other, they seem to have no idea. They raised, however, nearly three thousand men, who, if ignorant of civil liberty, would assuredly have stood fast against the encroachments of that religion, which had murdered their pastors, burnt their dwellings, and cast them forth as homeless exiles. On the 2nd of OctoBut their anxieties were to be farther ber the bishop of London, and the clergy awakened, and their indignation raised to of his diocese, went up with an address to the highest point, when the rumor that a the king at Kensington palace. In this adbattle had been fought, and that English dress, although there is much rigmarole soldiers had actually fled, was confirmed about popery and church and state, they by the extraordinary Gazette of September declare that there is no safety for the reli28th, and the name of Colonel Gardiner gion and liberties of this country, but in appeared in the list of the slain at Preston- the protestant succession.' It was certainly pans. Colonel Gardiner, long recognized almost worth the fears of a rebellion, to as one of the most gallant veterans in the find the established clergy taking the name English army, was claimed as the peculiar of liberty on their lips. property of the dissenters, and the death of the disciple of Dr. Calamy, and the warm friend of Doddridge, was viewed as a martyrdom. Many were the funeral sermons preached on the occasion in the meeting houses of London, and earnest were the exhortations of the ministers to

was the case.

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In far better style is the address of the three denominations of protestant dissenters, which was presented by the Rev. Joseph Stennett at the same palace the following day. Our limits will not permit us to copy the whole of this well written address, in which neither the contemptible phrase 'sacred majesty,' nor the degrading word 'toleration,' find a place; but we must give the concluding paragraph:- As the religious

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and civil liberties, the happiness and honor of the nation, have been always your unwearied care, we cannot but detest and abhor the present unnatural and rebellious attempt, nor shall we ever cease to offer our fervent prayers for the preservation of your majesty's invaluable life, the tranquillity of your reign, and the conveyance of our liberties under the protection of your royal house to the end of time.'

hostility to the Stuarts, and promising 'full enjoyment of their laws and liberties!' This, in time of need, had too often been done by his great-uncle and grandfather, for any one to believe it.

The stay of Charles at Edinburgh continued until the 31st of October. This was partly owing to the defection of many of the Highlanders, who, loaded with plunder after the battle of Preston, returned The king's answer is short; it might, to the Highlands to secure it; but we think we thought, have been more courteous; but it was much more owing to the unwillingon turning to his answer to the address of ness of his Scottish adherents to advance the university of Cambridge a few days into England, until the Jacobites there had before, we found that with the exception of committed themselves with the government, 'constitution in church and state,' it is by some overt act. Meantime the popular almost the same. We learn from the feeling against the Pretender deepened in papers of the day, that the deputation England; while not improbably, the parwas most courteously received, and intro- tiality he expressed for the Highlanders, duced into the king's presence by the Duke and his willingness to play the king at Hoof Newcastle. The numerous accounts lyrood, rather than advance, damped the which now filled the papers of the disas- ardor of his English adherents. trous defeat at Preston-pans, still farther increased the feeling against the young Pretender. Was England to be invaded by troops of barbarians, who rushed to battle with savage yells, and armed with scythes and pitchforks? Was the crown of the dered out for the same duty, along the Plantagenets to be placed on the brow of eastern boundary. Money from various him who had marched at their head in associations, and from the city companies, Highland brogues, dressed in tartan, and was poured into the Treasury, and even the wielding a Highland broadsword? We Quakers, precluded by their religious tencannot indeed wonder that the circumstan- ets from directly aiding warfare, raised a ces of this first battle should strike men's subscription to supply the troops with minds forcibly, for Colonel Gardiner re-flannel waistcoats for the winter.' That ceived his death wound from a scythe; and this dwelt upon the minds of the troops even at the battle of Culloden, and many a Highlander was there sacrificed to the memory of that gallant leader.

The exultation of Charles and his followers was excessive. Messengers were despatched to France and to Rome with the tidings, and preceded by a hundred pipers, playing that peculiarly Cavalier air, The king shall enjoy his own again,' he made his triumphal re-entry into Edinburgh. While here, he exercised every regal function. He gave patents of nobility, issued proclamations, and among others, one denouncing the pretended parliament of the Elector of Hanover,' and warning the English not to attend it. He also issued another, arguing with the people upon their

*I thank you for your loyal address, and have a firm dependence on your steady attachment to my person and government. You may be assured of the continuance of my protection.'

On the 9th of October, the city trained bands were ordered to mount guard at the Royal Exchange, St. Dunstan's in the West, St. Sepulchre's, and Devonshire Square; and the Tower Hamlets were or

the writer of the work before us should believe that, had Charles boldly pressed on, London might have fallen into his hands, may be excused; but that Lord Mahon, accurate and well informed as he is generally, should think so, is to us astonishing, and could, we think, only arise from his not having sufficiently examined those ephemeral documents, which, far beyond every other, give the very form and pressure' of the passing day. Let the reader take up the newspapers of this period, and read not merely the letters and addresses, but the short bits of information, and the advertisments, and he must be convinced that the general popular feeling, even had the Pretender penetrated so far, must have been an effectual barrier.

At length, at the head of Scottish troops, furnished with money from France,-at and surrounded by a staff of Highland, Irish, this period a hostile country-supported and French officers, the most conspicuous among the latter being the Marquis d'

Eguilles, who had been sent expressly from to persist in wearing a dress, and adopting Louis xv. with a letter of congratulation, habits, which proved he could have no Charles, on the 31st of October, at six in sympathy with his English subjects.

the evening, quitted Holyrood, to achieve the conquest of England:

may

At Wigan and Manchester, he is said to have been received with acclamations; but, as very few joined his standard, we well doubt whether these acclamations were called forth by aught but personal fear. At Manchester, however, two hundred men were persuaded to enlist, under the command of the unfortunate Colonel Francis Townley. These received for their uniform, blue coats, with a tartan sash, and the white cockade. What had English soldiers to do with tartan? This was given evidently in compliment to the Highland clans; but it must have emphatically prov ed to the English who were willing to join the Stuart banner, that they were to be considered but as subordinates in the great enterprise.

'He slept the first night at Pinkie House. as on the night after the battle of Preston, and on the following morning the two columns parted. The whole army consisted of scarcely 6,000 men, including 500 cavalry, well clothed and equipped, and furnished with provisions for four days; but many superstitious notions that prevailed among his troops made the common men as much averse as their leaders to the English campaign, and many of the Highlanders quitted their ranks during the march. According to some, the deserters amounted to no fewer than a thousand men. and one morning it cost Charles a parley of nearly an hour and a half to prevail on his troops to move forward. The weather too was so unfavorable that any troops but Highlanders would have been completely discourLancashire, Cheshire, and North Wales, aged by it. After a halt of two days at Kelso, orders were sent to Wooler to prepare quarwere the strong holds of the English Cathoters for his troops, by which the intended ef- lics, and consequently of the Jacobites. fect was produced of alarming Wade, and As the invading army, therefore, moved drawing off his attention from Carlisle. This onward, it was welcomed with somewhat having been done, Charles suddenly marched approaching to enthusiasm. They forded westward and down Liddisdale, entering the Mersey near Stockport, and,Cumberland at the head of his troops on the evening of the 18th of November. As the clans crossed the border, they drew their swords, and raised a lond shout of exultation; but in hastily unsheathing his claymore, Lochiel accidentally cut his hand, which was imme liately looked upon as an unlucky omen, and spread consternation throughout the whole column. On the following day, however, the two divisions effected their intended junction, and marched forward immediately upon Carlisle.'-ib. pp. 322, 323.

'On arriving at the other side of the river Charles witnessed a scene characteristic of the enthusiasm and devotion of the adherents of his house, which is thus described by Lord Mahon, on the authority of the late Lord Keith:-" On the opposite bank of the Mersey, Charles found a few of the Cheshire gentry drawn up ready to welcome him, and amongst, them Mrs. Skyring, a lady in extreme old age. As a child, she had been lifted up in her mother's arms, to view the happy landing at Carlisle, which was only guarded by a Dover of Charles the Second. Her father, an garrison of invalid soldiers, capitulated; old cavalier, had afterwards to undergo not but it was here that differences first broke merely neglect, but oppression, from that out between the rival parties in the young wife continued devoted to the royal cause, thankless monarch; still, however, he and his Pretender's_little army. Hopes of the and their daughter grew up as devoted as landing of French troops, alone prevented they. After the expulsion of the Stuarts, a portion of his followers from returning to Scotland, and it was not until the 20th that they set out for Penrith, through Shap, Kendal, and Lancaster, to Preston, where they arrived on the 26th. It was here that he first received a welcome; the people hitherto having either fled away, or gazed with stupid surprise on a prince, who, in his Highland costume, and with his target slung across his shoulder, usually marched at the head of one or other of the clans.' Surely the perverse obstinacy of the Stuarts must have been strong in their descendant, to induce him, even when on English ground,

all her thoughts, her hopes, her prayers, were directed to another restoration. Ever afterwards, she had with rigid punctuality laid aside one-half of her yearly income, to remit to the she said, was of no importance to them-the exiled family abroad, concealing only what, name of the giver. She had now parted with her jewels, her plate, and every little article of value she possessed, the price of which, in a purse, she laid at the fect of Prince Charles, while, straining her dim eye, to gaze on his led lips, she exclaimed with affectionate rapfeatures, and pressing his hand to her shrivelture, in the words of Simeon, 'Lord! now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace! It is added that she did not survive the shock,

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