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shall be injured through the act of God." As, if a house be set on fire by lightning, the tenant shall not be responsible for the damage.

Actus legis nulli facit injuriam. Lat. Law maxim.-"The act of the law does injury to no man." If land, for instance, out of which a rent-charge is granted, be recovered by elder title, the grantee shall have a writ of annuity, because the rent-charge is made void by course of law. Actus me invito factus, non est meus actus. Lat. Law maxim.— "An act done against my will is not my act." If a person be compelled, for instance, through fear or duress [imprisonment], to give a bond, or other writing, the deed is rendered void by the compulsion.

Actus non facit reum, nisi mens sit rea. Lat. Law maxim.— "The act does not make a man guilty, unless the mind be also guilty." Unless the intent be criminal, the deed cannot be attainted of criminality.

Acumen. Lat.- "The point or edge of any thing:" but metaphorically used to signify "sharpness, shrewdness, smartness, subtilty, cunning, sharpness of intellect, skill, accuracy of discrimination."

Ad absurdum. Lat.-"To an absurdity." "This is certainly reducing Protestantism ad absurdum."

Ad aperturam libri. Lat.-"At the opening of the book, or opening the book at random."

Ad calamitatem quilibet rumor valet. Lat.-"Any rumor is sufficient against calamity." When a man is distressed, a breath may complete his ruin.

Ad arca aperta il giusto pecca. Ital. prov.-"The just man may sin with an open chest of gold before him." Opportunity makes the thief. Ad captandum vulgus. Lat.-"To insnare the vulgar, to captivate the masses."-A lure thrown out to captivate the mobility.

N.B. Often used in an abridged form, thus, Ad captandum.

Ad eundem. Lat.-"To the same." In passing from one university or law society to another, it is said that he was admitted ad eundem, to the same precise rank which he held in the association or corporation of which he was previously a member.

Ad finem. Lat.-"At, or towards the end, conclusion."

3d chapter, ad finem."

"See the

Ad Graecas Kalendas. Lat.-" At the Greek Kalends." The Kalends formed a division of the Roman month which had no place in the Greek reckoning of time. The phrase was therefore used by the former to denote that the thing could never happen.

Ad humum moerore gravi deducit et angit. Lat. HORACE."Nature oft sinks us under a load of woe."

Or:

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Deep grief dejects, and wrings the tortured soul."

[She] "wrings the sad soul, and bends it down to earth."

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Ad hoc. Lat." For this purpose, thing, matter, object." Ad infinitum. Lat.-" Without end." Errors in reasoning on morals and on mind go on multiplying each other ad infinitum.” Ad interim. Lat." For the mean time."

opinions as ad interim truths."

Ad internecionem. Lat.

"They hold their own

.—“ To universal slaughter-e'en to the

death." "The Ministers proposed to tax Cape wine ad internecionem,” that is, to an extent amounting to an absolute prohibition.

Ad invidiam. Lat.-"Invidiously; enviously; spitefully; maliciously."

Ad libitum. Lat.—“At one's pleasure; at pleasure." In music it is used to signify those ornamental graces which are left to the taste of the performer.

Ad nauseam. Lat.-"Enough to make one sick."- "The same ideas re-appear ad nauseam," that is, till they are absolutely sickening or nauseating.

Ad ogni cosa è rimedio fuora ch'alla morte. Ital. prov.—“For every thing there's a remedy but death." There's a salve for every sore.

Ad ogni uccello il suo nido è bello. Ital. prov.-" With every bird its own nest is charming." This may mean either "the natural affection for home," or the preference bestowed on "the place of our nativity." Ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius:

Solum unum hoc vitium senectus adfert hominibus-
Attentiores sumus ad rem omnes, quam sat est.

Lat. TERENCE."In every thing else we are made wiser by age: but this one-vice is inseparable from it, that we are all apt to be more worldly, more fond of money-making, more close-fisted, more grasping, than is either needful or becoming."

Ad perditam securim manubrium adjicere. Lat. prov.-" To throw the helve after the hatchet." Over shoes, over boots. To be in despair.

Ad populum phaleras. Ego te intus et in cute novi. Lat. PERSIUS. "Away with those trappings to the vulgar; I know thee both inwardly and outwardly." I know the man too well to be deceived by appearances.

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Away! these trappings to the rabble show:

Me they deceive not; for thy soul I know,
Within, without."

Ad poenitendum properat, cito qui judicat. Lat.-"He who comes too speedily to a decision [and acts on the impulse of the moment] is not long ere he repents of it.'

Ad quaestionem juris respondeant judices, ad quaestionem facti respondeant juratores. Lat. Law maxim.-"Let the judges answer to the question of law, and the jurors to the matter of fact."

Ad quod damnum. Lat.-"To what damage." A writ, which ought to be issued before the king grants certain liberties, such as a fair or market, ordering the sheriff to inquire what damage the county is liable to suffer by such grant. The same writ is also issued for a similar inquiry with respect to lands granted to religious houses or corporations, for turning highways, &c.

Ad referendum. Lat.-"To be left for future consideratiou, to be further considered." "The French and English Ministers took notice of the request, ad referendum." N.B. “Ad referendum" is a phrase that

was introduced into diplomacy by the Dutch, and is now become proverbial, to express slowness in deliberation, and a want of promptitude in decision. Ad rem. Lat.- "To the purpose.” “ "The arguments were not ad rem.” Ad summam. Lat. HORACE.-"In short; in a word; in conclusion; to sum up the matter."

Ad tristem partem strenua est suspicio. Lat. PUBLIUS SYRUS. -"Suspicion is ever strong on the suffering side." When we play a losing game, we are apt to suspect all those who are around us of treachery. Ad unguem. Lat. HORACE.-"With perfect accuracy; literally, to the [pared] nail." He did not think it necessary to write ad unguem." HORACE describes one of his characters as "ad unguem factus homo," that is to say, as "a man of the most polished manners.' "A metaphor, taken from workers in marble, who try the smoothness of the marble, and the exactness of the joinings, by drawing the nail over them. WE should say, in our own idiom, "a perfect gentleman.”

Ad usum fidelium. Lat.-"For the use of the faithful, of the Roman Catholics." N.B. The Church of England as well as the Church of Rome designates her sons and daughters as "THE FAITHFUL.” See the Church Catechism.

Ad valorem. Lat.—" According to the value."

Ad vivum. Lat.-"To the life." "We have a picture of him ad vivum, by a master."

Adawlut. Hindostanee. "Justice; equity; a court of justice in

India."

Adde parum parvo magnus acervus erit. Lat. prov.-" Add, keep adding, little to little, and soon will you have a good hoard." A good motto for the SAVINGS' BANKS.

Addenda. Lat.-"Additions; things to be added; additional matter appended to the body of a work [literary composition, book]."

Addictus, or, addicti jurare in verba magistri. Lat. HORACE. "A person, or persons, blindly addicted to the tenets, opinions, of his or their master, teacher [literally, bound or compelled to swear to the opinicus of a teacher]."

"Sworn to no master, of no sect, am I;

As drives the storm, at any door I knock,

And house with MONTAIGNE now, and now with LOCKE."

N.B. "Addicti" were properly those debtors whom the Praetor [a legal officer of ancient Rome] adjudged to their creditors, to be committed to prison, or otherwise secured, until satisfaction was made. Soldiers, however, were also called “addicti,” in allusion to the military oath, which they took when enrolled. We have a pleasant use of the word in SHAKSPEARE: Leave off all thin potations, says Falstaff, and addict thyself unto sack. Adeo in teneris consuescere multum est. Lat. VIRGIL.

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'Of so much value, of such avail, is custom [the practice of good habits, the initiation into good habits] in the tender years of childhood; of such importance is it to be accustomed to what is right and proper from the very dawn of existence." "Train up a child," says Solomon, "in the way he should go; and when he is old, he will not depart from it." Compare POPE:"Just as the twig is bent, the tree's inclined."

Adeon' homines immutari ex amore, ut non cognoscas eundem esse? Lat. TERENCE." Is it possible that man should be so perfectly changed by love, that you cannot know him to be the same individual?"

Adhuc sub judice lis est. Lat. HORACE.-"The contest is still before the judge." The matter in question, the point, is even yet, as yet, undecided.

Adieu. Fr.-"Good-bye, farewell." "There is something beautifully pious and tender in that word of sad import, ‘Adieu!" that is to say, may GOD guard you! to GOD I commit you: literally, "to GOD,” `A DIEU.

Adieu pour toujours. Fr.-"Farewell forever."

Adieu jusqu'au revoir. Fr.-"Farewell, good-bye, till I see you again, till we meet again."

Adieu paniers, vendanges sont faites. Fr.-"Farewell basket, the grapes are gathered; 'tis all over, there's an end of it." A proverbial phrase, applicable to means or implements which have become useless through failure, or from our having been anticipated or disappointed in our views.

Adjutant. "One who assists the major of a regiment, and hence formerly called aid-major."

Admiranda tibi levium spectacula rerum. Lat. VIRGIL.— “A mighty pomp, though made of little things."

Adolescentem verecundum esse decet. Lat. PLAUTUS.—“ It becomes a young man to be modest." Reserve and modesty are the flowers with which youth should be decorated.

-Adulandi gens prudentissima laudat

Sermonem indocti, faciem deformis amici. Lat. JUVENAL.— "A certain class of individuals, most deeply versed in flattery, the arts of flattery, praise the discourse, conversation, of an ignorant friend, and the face, countenance, of a hideously ugly one." They attack each man on his weak side.

"For lo! where versed in every soothing art,
The sycophant assails his patron's heart-
Finds in each dull harangue an air, a grace,
And all ADONIS in a gorgon face."

Advenae. Lat. “Settlers in a country," literally, strangers, foreigners, comers to a place or country.

Aedepol, nae nos aeque sumus omnes invisae viris,

Propter paucas, quae omnes faciunt dignae ut videamur
Lat. TERENCE.-

malo.

"In troth, we wives are all equally obnoxious to, slighted by, our husbands, and very unjustly, because of the faults of a few, on account of the faults of some few, of our sex, who make the world judge hardly, harshly, of us all, who make us all appear undeserving of their esteem." The ordinary complaint of wives.

Aegritudinem laudare, unam rem maxime detestabilem, quorum est tandem philosophorum? Lat. CICERO.-"What kind of philosophy is it to extol melancholy, the most detestable thing in nature?"

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Acqualem uxorem quaere. Lat.-"Look out for a wife in your own sphere, in a position similar to your own.' Like blood, like good, and like age, make the happiest marriage.

Aere ciere viros, Martemque accendere cantu. Lat. VIRGIL.— "[A man, who has the power of] rousing, stirring up, men by the sound of the trumpet, and thereby inflaming their martial or warlike spirit, of rousing fools and making slaughter." The character of MISENUS, the companion and trumpeter of AENEAS, the Trojan hero. "VIRGIL'S trumpeter never wants a successor, who is equally fortunate in his trade, Aere ciere viros, &c."

Aɛpoßаrwv. Gr."One who affects to raise himself above the vulgar." Literally, "One who travels in the air." "The worthy Doctor loved neither high nor aerial standards in morals or in religion. Visionaries, who encouraged such notions, he viewed [to express it by a learned word] as aɛpoßarovvτes [the plural form], and as fit subjects for the chastisement of the secular arm."

Aesopi ingenio statuam posuere Attici,

Lat. PHAEDRUS.—

Certumque collocarunt aeterna in basi, Patere honori scirent ut cuncti viam, Nec generi tribui, sed virtuti gloriam. "The Athenians raised, erected, a statue in honor of Æsop's genius, and placed him, though a slave, on a lasting, ever-during pedestal, to show that the way to honor lay open indifferently to all, and that glory, fame, renown, was due to, was to be the reward, not of mere family, not of high birth, not of mere ancestry, but of unsullied virtue, but of a thoroughly virtuous career."

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Aesthetics. "The philosophy of taste." "Esthetic philosophy," that is, "Perceptive philosophy," signifies, in the creative and somewhat fanciful language of the Germans, "the philosophy of the sublime and beautiful, the theory of the fine arts and of poetry.' N.B. "Esthetics" comes from the Greek word accoηTiKoç, "sensitive, possessing the faculty of, or aptitude for, perception," and this from a avouai, “to feel, perceive, comprehend." The word "Esthetics" was introduced by BAUMGARTEN, above a century ago, to express generally the Science of the Fine Arts, and is now in universal use among the Germans. Perhaps we also might as well adopt it; at least if any such science should ever arise among us. Aestuat ingens

Lat. VIRGIL.

Imo in corde pudor, mixtoque insania luctu,
Et furiis agitatus amor, et conscia virtus.
"Rage boiling from the bottom of his breast,
And sorrow mixed with shame, his soul oppressed;
And conscious worth lay laboring in his thought,
And love by jealousy to madness wrought."

A description of the rise and sorrow of jealousy.

Aethiopem lavare, or, dealbare. Lat.-"To wash a blackamoor white." Labor in vain.

Africa semper aliquid novi offert. Lat.-" Africa always offers to our notice something new; of the interior we are in almost perfect ignorance Africa may be said to possess a stronger attraction than most other

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