Problem 68. The latitude and longitude of the Moon, a Star,
or a Planet given to find its place on the Globe,
Problem 69. The day and hour, and the latitude of a place be-
ing given, to find what Stars are rising, setting, culminating, &c. 267
Problem 70. The latitude of a place. day of the month, and
hour being given, to place the Globe in such a manner as to re-
present the Heavens at that time, in order to find the rela-
tive situations and names of the Constellations and remarkable
Stars
Problem 71. To find when any Star, or Planet, will rise, come
to the meridian, and set at any given place,
Problem 72. To find the amplitude of any Star, its oblique as-
cension and descension, and its diurnal arc. for any given day, 271
Problem 78. The latitude of a place given, to find the time of
the year at which any known Star rises or sets acronycally,
that is, when it rises or sets at sun-setting,
Problem 74. The latitude of a place given, to find the time of
the year at which any known Star rises or sets cosmically, that
is, when it rises or sets at sun-rising,
Problem 97. The meridian altitude of a known Star being giv
en at any place, to find the latitude,
Problem 98. The latitude of a place, day of the month, and
hour of the day being given, to find the nonagesimal degree of
the ecliptic, its altitude and azimuth, and the medium cœli,
Problem 99. The latitude of a place, day of the month, and the
hour, together with the altitude and azimuth of a Star being
given, to find the Star,
Problem 100. To find the time of the moon's Southing, or com-
ing to the meridian of any place, on any given day of the month, 299
Problem 101. The day of the month, latitude of the place, and
the time of high water at the full and change of the moon, be-
ing given, to find the time of high water on the given day,
Problem 102. To describe the apparent path of any planet or of
a Comet, amongst the fixed Star3, &c.
A promiscuous collection of examples exercising the prob-
lems on the globes
A collection of questions, with references to the pages
where the answers will be found; designed as an assist-
ant to the tutor in the examination of the student,
A table of the latitudes and longitudes of some of the prin-
cipal places in the world,
2. Tables of the constellations, with the number of stars
in each constellation, and the names of the principal
stars,
3. An alphabetical list of the constellations, with the
right ascension and declination of the middle of each,
for the ready finding of them on the globe,
4. A table of the velocity and pressure of the winds,
5. A table of the satellites of Jupiter,
6. A table of the configurations of the satellites of Jupiter,
7. A table of the satellites of Saturn,
8. A table of the number of geographical and English
miles which make a degree in any given parallel of lati-
tude,
9. A table of the equation of time, dependent on the ob-
liquity of the ecliptic, for every degree of the sun's lon-
gitude,
Five Copper-plates to be placed at the end of the Book.
CONTAINING, 1. Explanation of the Lines on the artificial Globes, including Geographical and Astronomical Definitions, &c. 2. The Properties of Matter and the Laws of Motion. 3. The Figure and Magnitude of the Earth. 4. The Diurnal and Annual Motion of the earth. 5. The Origin of Springs and Rivers, and of the Saltness of the Sea. 6. The Flux and Reflux of the Tides. 7. The natural Changes of the Earth, caused by Mountains, Floods, Volcanoes, and Earthquakes. 8. Hypotheses of the Antediluvian World, and the Cause of Noah's Flood. 9. The Atmosphere, Air, Winds, and Hurricanes. 10. Vapours, Fogs and Mists, Clouds, Dew and Hoar Frost, Snow and Hail, Thunder and Lightning, Falling Stars, Ignis Fatuus, Aurora Borealis, and the Rainbow.
Explanation of the Lines on the Artificial Globes, including Geographical and Astronomical Definitions; with a few Geographical Theorems.
1. THE TERRESTRIAL GLOBE is an artificial representation of the earth. On this globe the four quarters of the world, the different empires, kingdoms, and countries; the chief cities, seas, rivers, &c. are truly represented, according to their relative situation on the real globe of the earth. The diurnal motion of this globe is from west to east.
2. The CELESTIAL GLOBE is an artificial representa. tion of the heavens, on which the stars are laid down intheir natural situations. The diurnal motion of this globe is from east to west, and represents the apparent diurnal motion of the sun, moon and stars. In using this globe, the student is supposed to be situated in the centre of it, and viewing the stars in the concave surface.
3. The AXIS OF THE EARTH (See Plate I.* Fig. I. and II.) is an imaginary line passing through the centre of it, upon which it is supposed to turn, and a'bout which all the heavenly bodies appear to have a diurnal revolution. This line is represented by the wire which passes from north to south, through the middle of the artificial globe.
4. The POLES OF THE EARTH are the two extremities of the axis, where it is supposed to cut the surface of the earth; one of which is called the north, or arctic pole; the other the south, or antarctic pole. The celestial poles are two imaginary points† in the heavens, exactly above the terrestrial poles.
5. The BRAZEN MERIDIAN is the circle in which the artifical globe turns, and is divided into 360 equal parts, called degrees. In the upper semicircle of the brass meridian, these degrees are numbered from 0 to 90, from the equator towards the poles, and are used for finding the latitudes of places. On the lower semicircle of the brass meridian they are numbered from 0 to 90, from the poles towards the equator, and are used in the elevation of the poles.
* Figure I. represents the frame of the globe, with the horizon, brass meridian, and axis; Figure II. the globe itself, with the lines on its surface.
The pole-star, is a star of the second magnitude, near the north pole, in the end of the tail of the Little Bear. Its mean right ascension, for the beginning of the year 1804, was 13° 14′ 43'', and its declination 88° 15′ 44′′ north.
Every circle is supposed to be divided into 360 equal parts, called degrees, each degree into 60 equal parts called minutes, each minute into 60 equal parts called seconds, &c.: a degree is, therefore, only a relative idea, and not an absolute quantity, except when applied to a great circle of the earth, as to the equator, or a meridian, in which cases it is 60 geographical miles, or 694 English miles. A degree of a great circle in the heavens is a space nearly equal to twice the apparent diameter of the sun; or to twice that of the moon when considerably elevated above the horizon.
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