X.

CONTINENTAL LOTTERY.

On the first of November, 1776, the Continental Congress resolved "That a sum of money be raised by way of lottery for defraying the expenses of the next campaign, the lottery to be drawn in Philadelphia."* A committee was appointed to arrange the same, and on the eighteenth reported the following scheme :

To consist of 100,000 tickets, each divided into four billets, and to be drawn in four classes.

FIRST CLASS, at $10 each billet $1,000,000. $10,000; 2 of $5000; 30 of $1000; 400 of $500; Carried to the fourth class, $200,000.

Prizes: 1 of 20,000 of $20.

SECOND CLASS, at $20 each billet $2,000,000. Prizes: 1 of $20,000; 2 of $10,000; 10 of $5000; 100 of $1000; 820 of $500; 20,000 of $30. Carried to the fourth class, $500,000.

THIRD CLASS, at $30 each billet-$3,000,000. Prizes: 1 of $30,000; 1 of $20,000; 2 of $15,000; 2 of $10,000; 10 of $5000; 200 of $1000; 1000 of $500; 2000 of $40. Carried to the fourth class, $900,000.

FOURTH CLASS, at $40 each billet $4,000,000. Prizes: 1 of $50,000: 2 of $25,000; 2 of $10,000; 10 of $5000; 100 of $1000; 200 of $500; 1000 of $300; 15,000 of $200; 20,000 of $50. Brought from the first three classes, $1,600,000. Total, $5,000,000.

This lottery was intended to raise a sum of money on loan, bearing an annual interest of four per cent., which, with the sums arising from deductions of fifteen per cent. upon the amount of each class, making in the aggregate one hundred and five thousand dollars, was to be applied to the public use. The drawer of more than the minimum prize in each class was to receive either a Treasury Bank-note, payable in five years, with an annual interest at four per cent., or the preemption of such billets in the next succeeding class. This was optional with the adventurers. Those who should not call for their prizes within six weeks after the end of the draw. ing were considered adventurers in the next succeeding class. Seven managers were appointed, who were authorized to em. ploy agents in the different states to sell the tickets. The first drawing was decided to be made at Philadelphia on the first of March, 1777, but purchasers were comparatively few and tardy, and the drawing was postponed from time to time. Various impediments continually presented themselves, and the plan, which promised such success at the beginning, ap. pears to have been a failure. Many purchasers of tickets were losers; and this, like some other financial schemes of the Revolution, was productive of much hard feeling toward the Federal government. The adventurers in the Continental Lot. tery have long since passed away, and very few of the tickets are left. The one here counterfeited was presented to me by Mr. George W. Pettis, of Providence, Rhode Island.

T

N.

XI.

THE ENGLISH STAMPS.

THE annexed engraving represents one of the famous government stamps, manufactured for the American market in 1765. The impression was made upon dark blue paper, similar in appearance to that commonly known as tobacco paper, to which was attached a narrow strip of tin foil, represented by the light oblong in the engraving. The ends of the foil were passed through the parchment or paper to which the stamp was to be attached, flattened on the opposite side, and a piece of paper, with the rough device and number of the stamp, seen in the following cut, pasted over it to secure it. The device of the stamp was a double Tudor rose, inclosed by the Royal Garter. Above this was a crown, and

STAMP.

GR below was named the money value of the stamp. The specimen here given was a shilling stamp.

The idea of producing a revenue by the sale of stamps and stamped paper in America was promulgated almost forty years before its final develop *See Journals, ii., 412.

ment in legislative enactment in 1765. Sir William Keith advised the policy as early as 1728. In 1739 the London merchants advised the ministry to adopt the measure, and public writers from time to time suggested various schemes predicated upon the same idea. In 1750, Douglas, in his work on British America, recommended the levying of a stamp duty upon all legal writings and instruments. Dr. Franklin regarded the plan favorably; and Governor Sharpe, of Maryland, was confident, in 1754, that Parliament would speedily make a statue for raising money by means of stamp duties. Lieutenant-governor Delancey spoke in favor of it in the New York Assembly in 1755, and the following year, Governor Shirley, of Massachusetts, urged Parliament to adopt a Stamp Tax. The British press urged the measure in 1757, and it was confidently stated that at least three hundred thousand dollars annually might thus be drawn from the colonies, without the tax being sensibly felt. But William Pitt would not listen to the recommendation, for, like Walpole twenty-five years before, he preferred to draw money into the treasury by the exer. cise of a liberal commercial policy toward the Americans. Notwithstanding public opinion in England appeared to be decidedly favorable to the measure, it was not proposed by the ministry until 1764. It became a law in 1765, and was repeal. ed in 1766. Had not ministers been deceived by the representations of the stupid and selfish royal governors in America, it probably would never have been enacted. Those men were frequently too indolent or indifferent to make themselves acquainted with the real temper of the people. Regarding the mass as equally servile as their flatterers, they readily commended that fatal measure which proved the spark that lighted the flames of Revolution, and severed forever the political connection between Great Britain and thirteen of her American colonies.

XII.

BURGOYNE'S CAPTIVE OFFICERS.

THE following are the names of the commissioned officers, English and Hessian, captured with Burgoyne at Saratoga. I copied them from the original paroles of honor, signed by them at Cambridge (see pages 25, 550 of this volume), and now in possession of J. Wingate Thornton, Esq., of Boston:

ENGLISH.-J. Burgoyne, Lieutenant General. W. Phillips, Major General. James Hamilton, Brigadier General. Lieuten ant-colonels - Lord Balcarras, J. Lind, Nicholas Sutherland, John Anstruther (see page 55, volume i.), John Hill. Majors -Balcarras, G. Forbes, George Foster, William Agnew, Henry Harnage (see page 55, volume i.), John Holmes, Jun. Captains Thomas Hosmer, Ellis Walker, artillery, William Cotton, J. W. Heman, Noah Simpson, Nicholas Alward Vigors, John Carter, James Sheldon, W. Lindsay, Neill MacLean, Alexander Baillie, George Swetterham, J. Rollinson, Francis Wemyss, Robert W. Winchester, William Maxwell, Paul Banks, James Lovell, J. Farmer, George Petrie, Thomas Kirkman, George Brodie, Stephen Strangway, R. Master, H. Pelmor, of grenadiers, William Ferguson, George Coote, A. Jameson, James England, J. D. Alcock, Henry Marr, Thomas Blomefield, George Marlay, Earle Hawker, Alexander Campbell (messenger to Sir H. Clinton, see page 79, volume i.), John Shrimpton, H. Sothurn, Thomas Anburey, the author. Lieutenants— William Cox, David Davids, and James Hudden, of artillery, James Dunbar, William P. Smith, William Houghton, William Collier, H. T. Thomson, Bright Nodder, Robert Storday, James Battersby, W. Houghton, Edward Townsend Jones, grenadiers, Hamilton Maxwell, W. Digby, Charles Williams, Sewall Maunsell, grenadiers, William Mure, Thomas Steel, grenadiers, Napier, Anson Nutt, Archibald Fife, George Rawdon, John M'Neill, James Murray, George Vincent, James Kimmis, W. Prince, Joseph Stroetly, J. Sleet, grenadiers, John Gaskell, Richard Norman, W. R. Gilbert, Richard Croft, Robert Dobson, W. Charlton, Cliften Wheat, Charles Torrians, W. Fitherston, John Hepburn, George Edward Shlagel, William Douglas, B. Innes, Robert Burnet, John Blackwood, John Dalgleish, Torphuhen, Weston Alcock, Richard Brown, R. Steele, Charles Williams, William Doyle, Thomas Bibby, George Coffce, Charles Johnston, Charles Earle, John Ferguson, W. Campbell, Thomas Reed, Thomas Storey, T. Poe, Henry Baldwin, A. French, Bernard G. Ward, John Rotton, Abraham Banbury, C. J. Jones, Arthur Blackwell, William Wilkinson, Connolly Coane, Low'n Mathews, Gonville Bromhead. En. signs-Henry May, W. Hovey, Thomas Deane, Thomas Orchard, James Moon, Robert Grier, Cooper, Richard Bateman, E. F. Merida, William Noble, M. Burroughs, G. Stephens, John Percey, Richard James, H. Blacker, George Henway, James Porver. Surgeons-G. Wylde, William Burke, M. Cahill, W. Pemberton, Samuel Sone, Leonard Dorffen, Alexander Moodie. Surgeons' Mates-Alexander Melville, William Brown, A. B. Carroll, Charles Watson, Colin MacLasty, Joseph Alder. Adjutants-Isaac Fielding, J. Dalladine. Assistant Adjutant. general-Bt. Kingston, mentioned on page 78, vol. i. lains - Richard Montagne Money, Andrew Browne, Charles Morgan, R. Higginbotham, Edward Brudenell, mentioned on page 67, volume i. Commissary-general—Jonathan Clarke. Assistant Commissaries—J. Rosseau, Andrew Foster, L. Cromanteau, Nathaniel Collyer, John Powell of Beer, John M'Ken. zie. Quarter-master General-William Paxton. Assistant Quarter-master-George Vallarucry. Deputy-paymaster Genera!— David Geddes. Acting Physician-Sind Wood. Mates of General Hospital-Richard Woodthorp, John Park. Aid-de-campsCharles Green, R. R. Wilford, Robert Hoakslyn. Wagonmaster General-P. O'Donnell. Philip Skene (see page 138, volume i.), "a poor follower of the British army:" such was the expression which Skene appended to his signature.

Chap

HESSIANS.Major-general-Reidesel. Brigadier-generals -Specht, W. R. De Gall, mentioned on page 50, volume i. Lieutenant-colonel-Leutz. Majors-Von Lucke, Von Mengen, Ehrencrook, Von Passern. Brigade Major—H. U. Cleve (see page 551 of this volume). Captains-J. Willoc, De Schlagen. teuffel, De Lohneysen, C. A. Alers, J. G. P. Arene, Morgenstern, Bartling, Harbord, Girsewald, Lutzow, C. L. Schottelius, F. De Germann, Scheel, Schacten, Pausch, Trott. Lieutenants -Borneman, Ulig, Trott, Rudolphe, De Meyer, Steuffel, C. G. S. Wintersmith, Helmeke, Curt von Hesler, Meyer, Counradi, Von Dobeneck, Peterson, Mosrach, Von Unger, Feichel, Rein

king, W. Hoger, Morgenstein, Burgsdorff, Brandes, Meijern, Craunn J. Meyer, Augustus Passet, Milkau, Ole Kop, D'Ameris, J. S. Kettner, A. H. Du Roi, Unger, G. P. S. Crus, J. F. Pflüger, J. G. H. Gladen, G. T. Fricke, C. F. Rohn, P. W. L. Rheneuis, M. Von Butlar, Von Lindau, Von Eschwege, Von Bischhausen, Von Trott, Count Von Pickler, Sartorius, lieutenant and quarter master, F. V. Geyling, W. Dufais, C. D. Spangenberg. Ensigns-Baudel, Enrich, Bode, Slieborn, Bernewitz, Ulmenstein, E. Grimpe, Von Richterslerben, Von Weykers, Heerwagen, ensign and adjutant. Chaplains-Voegel, Milius, Kohle, Theobald. Surgeons-Schroeder, Prall, Bouse, J. H. Kunze. Poellniz, deputy adjutant-general. J. D. Gerlach (see page 551 of this volume), quarter-master general. A. Edmunstone (see page 551 of this volume), aid-de-camp and secretary to Reidesel. Languemeyer, secretary. T. F. Heildebach, sergeant major. Auditors-Schmidt, Zinck, A. H. Bähr.

XIII.

The following poem was written by Major Andrè after the attack of Wayne upon a block-house, near Bull's Ferry (see page 828), in 1780. The last canto was published in Rivington's Gazette, on the day when Andrè was captured at Tarrytown. I copied this from an original copy in the handwriting of Andre himself; and I have made a fac simile of the last stanza as it appears in that copy. It is written upon small folio paper, and under the endorsement of Andrè himself are the following lines:

"When the epic strain was sung, The poet by the neck was hung; And to his cost he finds too late,

The dung-born tribe decides his fate."

COW CHASE-BY MAJOR ANDRE.

Elizabethtown, Aug. 1, 1780.

CANTO 1.

To drive the kine one summer's morn,
The tanner took his way,

The calf shall rue that is unborn
The jumbling of that day.

And Wayne descending steers shall know,
And tauntingly deride,

And call to mind, in ev'ry low,
The tanning of his hide.

Yet Bergen cows still ruminate
Unconscious in the stall,

What mighty means were used to get,
And lose them after all.

For many heroes bold and brave

From New Bridge and Tapaan, And those that drink Passaic's wave, And those that eat soupaan.

And sons of distant Delaware,

And still remoter Shannon, And Major Lee with horses rare, And Proctor with his cannon.

All wondrous proud in arms they came-
What hero could refuse,

To tread the rugged path to fame,
Who had a pair of shoes?

At six the host, with sweating buff,
Arrived at Freedom's Pole,
When Wayne, who thought he'd time enough,
Thus speechified the whole:

"O ye whom glory doth unite,

Who Freedom's cause espouse, Whether the wing that's doomed to fight. Or that to drive the cows;

Ere yet you tempt your further way,
Or into action come,

Hear, soldiers, what I have to say,
And take a pint of rum.