Live-stock.-Almost no stock is reared in this parish. The farmers merely keep a cow or two of Ayrshire or Teeswater breed for the use of their families.

Horses. The horses used for farm labour are of a large size, and very powerful, in general of the Clydesdale breed, and will average in price from L.35 to L.40 Sterling each.

Husbandry.—There is no parish in Scotland where the land is better cultivated, or yields greater returns from the various crops sown or planted. The farmers are men of independence; on that account no obstacles to improvement arise from the want of capital or the liberality of the proprietors. The duration of leases extends from fifteen to nineteen years; and the farms vary in size from 130 to 250 acres. The state of farm-buildings and of enclosures is as good as can possibly be desired.

We may here state, that the lands of Prestonfield were the first in the parish that were improved, or, probably, in the county. The proprietor of that estate was Lord Provost of Edinburgh about the time of the Revolution in 1688. At that period, the manure from the streets was so little valued, that, instead of bringing any revenue to the city, a very considerable sum was paid to the farmers in the neighbourhood to carry it away. The Lord Provost availed himself of the general anxiety to have the filth removed, and undertook to clean the streets, which he did for a very considerable time, and had the whole carried off on horses' backs to his estate of Prestonfield. He, at the same time, laid down his fields in a high state of condition, and began to enclose, subdivide, and drain them; and, in the course of a few years, his estate became one of the best and richest in the county; and to this day, the grass parks of Prestonfield are deemed superior to any around the city, or even in Scotland, and, since that time, have never been ploughed.

Produce. The average amount of raw produce yearly raised in the parish may be stated as follows:

Grain of all kinds,

Green crop,

Hay,

Pasture,

Gardens and orchards,

L.5440 0 0

1920 0 0

1280 O 0

1162 0 0

450 0 0

L.10,252 0 0

Manufactures.-Formerly, as stated above, a coarse kind of cloth, made from flax, and known by the name of Duddingston hardings, was manufactured to a considerable extent, but was given up many years ago. The several branches of manufacture carried

on at present are, crystal and glass, earthen-ware, tiles and bricks, a small iron foundery, and a manufactory of hats; a chemical work, the making of paper, all of which are in active operation, and afford constant employment to a large portion of the working-classes in Portobello. Salt is still prepared at Joppa Pans. Clearburn was, till within the last sixty years, the site of a thriving village, celebrated for its breweries; but no vestige of its former state remains. V.-PAROCHIAL ECONOMY.

Market-Town, &c.—There are no regular markets held in this parish; but provisions of all kinds, and of good quality, can be purchased at Portobello, which is in the immediate neighbourhood of all the villages in the parish. The first house erected in Portobello was a small cottage, still standing, and pointed out as a curiosity, in the centre of the town, on the south side of the main street. It was built by a retired sailor, who had been with Admiral Vernon in his South American expedition, and therefore named it Portobello, in commemoration of the capture of that town in 1739. The increase of population was much accelerated by the establishment of brick and tile-works, and, soon after, by an earthenware manufactory, &c. Besides becoming the residence of the workmen employed at these manufactories, Portobello, from the salubrity of the air, and its delightful situation, very soon became a place of great resort for sea-bathing quarters, not only for families from Edinburgh, but also from the surrounding country, and thus increased in size every year. At this time, no regularity or uniformity was observed in building the houses, farther than suited the taste or fortune of the proprietor, so that we now find it a town of villas, large and small. Many of these were built of brick, and had small shrubberies in front, and were well adapted for the residences of single families. Of late years, much greater regularity has been observed in laying out the streets and in building the houses, in consequence of their being reared on speculation by builders; and in a short time Portobello will be one of the handsomest towns of its size in Britain. At present, it consists of a long principal street, extending from one end of it to the other, lining the London and Edinburgh road, with a number of streets diverging to the north and south. The houses are now built of freestone of a good quality, procured at a short distance, in the style of those in the New Town of Edinburgh. Hot and cold-baths were erected upon an improved plan in 1805, and, within the last few years, a neat and commodious suit of markets. On the sands of Portobello, in 1822, his late Majesty, George IV., reviewed several regiments and corps

of cavalry and yeomanry; also the Highland clans, that had assembled on the grand occasion of his visit to Scotland. Since the passing of the Reform Bill, Portobello has been a burgh, and is governed by a provost, two bailies, and six councillors; and with Leith, Newhaven, Musselburgh, and Fisherrow, returns a member to Parliament. Betwixt Edinburgh and Portobello coaches ply every hour, which keep up a constant thoroughfare betwixt the two places. Besides Portobello, there are other three villages, viz. Joppa, Easter and Wester Duddingston.

Means of Communication.—The great road to London from Edinburgh runs for three miles through the parish. The roads in every direction are good, and kept in the best state of repair; and if a more direct line, as is proposed, were opened betwixt Wester Duddingston and Edinburgh, the means of communication would be excellent. A railroad for the purpose of conveying coals to the city passes through the parish, as well as a branch to Leith. The shareholders allow coaches to run for the conveyance of passengers to Dalkeith, Musselburgh, &c. which is an extremely agreeable mode of travelling, and very cheap, as 6d. only is charged for each individual. There are two penny post-offices, viz. one at Portobello and another at Wester Duddingston, the latter of which was instituted very lately.

Ecclesiastical State.-During the reign of William the Lion, the monks of Kelso acquired the church and lands of Dodineston, but from whose bounty cannot be ascertained, since the chartulary is silent upon the subject. As the lands of Dodineston were situated at a considerable distance from Kelso, the abbots let them on the most advantageous terms. Abbot Henry, from 1208 to 1218, at the end of the long reign of William, granted to Reginald de Bosco, the lands of Easter Dodineston, with the half of the peatery of Camberun, rendering for the same ten merks yearly. Abbot Herbert confirmed to Thomas, the son of Reginald, the same lands and peatery for the same annual rent, he performing to the King" forinsecum servitium." Abbot Hugh granted to Emma, the widow of Thomas, the custody of her son and heir till he should arrive at lawful age, for which she paid twenty pounds of silver. During the reign of Robert I., Abbot William granted to Sir William de Tushielaw the half of the manor of Wester Dodineston, for which he was to pay twelve merks of yearly rent. In 1466, Abbot Allan granted to Cuthbert Knightson a part of the lands of Dodineston in fee, for the yearly rent of four merks. Within the barony of Dodineston, the abbots appointed baron

bailies to execute their jurisdiction within their proper limits. The church of Duddingston appears to have been of moderate value, as in the ancient "taxatio" it is rated at twenty-five merks. During the reign of Robert Bruce, the monks valued this rectory, according to established use, at L.20 per annum. The rectory continued to belong to the monks of Kelso till the Reformation, and the cure was served by a vicar. In August 1296, John Comhale, the Vicar of Dodineston, swore fealty to Edward I., and received in return a restitution of his services from the Sheriff of Edinburgh. In the register of assignations for the ministers' stipends in the year 1754, MS., presented by Bishop Keith to the Advocates' Library, Duddingston is said to have been a joint dependence with the Castle of Edinburgh upon the Abbey of Holyroodhouse. After the Reformation, the patronage of Duddingston church, with the manor, passed through successive proprietors to James Earl of Abercorn, who purchased it from the Duke of Argyle in 1475. In the year 1630, the estate of Prestonfield was disjoined from the parish of St Cuthbert's, and annexed to Duddingston. In 1631, the Presbytery of Edinburgh ordained an aisle to be added to the church of Duddingston, for the use of the proprietor and his tenants.

The parish church, the original foundation of which cannot be traced, stands at Wester Duddingston, upon the south-east base of Arthur's Seat, and is a very ancient building, the arches and ornaments, when examined by an antiquary, appearing to be as antique as the days of " Dodin." A beautiful semicircular arch divides the choir from the chancel. The church was enlarged, repaired, and painted, about four years ago, and is in very good repair, and contains from 300 to 400 sitters. There are no free sittings since the collieries were given up about forty years ago.

The manse was built in 1805, and considerable additions were made to it twenty-two years ago. Both it and the office-houses are in excellent repair, and are most delightfully situated.

The glebe contains six acres of arable ground of the best quality. The stipend is eighteen chalders, consisting of two of wheat, eight of barley, and eight of meal, payable according to the highest fiars of the county, with L.5, 12s. 11d. of money, and L.10 for communion elements. The stipend, when converted into money, may average, for the last five years, L.300. Glebe, manse, and garden, L.45; in whole, including money and the allowance for communion elements, L.360, 12s. 11d. Number of communicants at the parish church, about 100.

At Portobello, there is a chapel-of-ease, which was built in 1810. The members of the congregation have the appointment of the clergyman, who is paid from the seat-rents. The chapel holds 600 sitters. Number of communicants, nearly 300. There is also at Portobello a chapel of the United Associate Secession, one of the Relief, one of the Episcopalians, one of the Independents, and one of the Catholics. The numbers attending each of these chapels cannot be accurately ascertained.

Education. In the parish there are two endowed schools, and 11 unendowed in Portobello, including the Sessional school for boys. The parochial schoolmaster has the legal accommodation and the maximum salary. The branches taught are, Latin at 6s. per quarter; English reading, 3s.; writing, 3s. 6d. ; and arithmetic, 4s. Average number of scholars may be 95. He is also session-clerk, and clerk to the heritors. The other school is situated at Easter Duddingston. The teacher has a free house and school-house, with a salary of L.5, and L. 2, 6s. 8d. from the kirksession. His school-fees are the same as charged at the parochial school; but none of the higher branches is taught. Average number of scholars, 30.

Literature.—A library was begun at Wester Duddingston in the year 1821; and at present contains more than 200 volumes. It is supported by a subscription of 6d. per quarter.

Friendly Society.-A Friendly Society was established three years ago, and is supported by 5s. of entry money, and a quarterly contribution of 1s. 6d. Such members receive 5s. per week for the first five of their indisposition; and, after that period, if not able to work, Is. per week during life.

Charitable Institutions.-An hospital was founded in this parish by Louis Cauvin, some time teacher of the French language in Edinburgh, and thereafter residing at Duddingston Farm, by trust-disposition and settlement dated the 26th day of May 1817; and by relative codicils, he assigned and conveyed to certain trustees his whole means and estate, amounting to nearly L.30,000, for special purposes therein enumerated, and mortified and appointed his house of Louisfield, and furniture, with its adjacent grounds, as "an hospital for the relief, maintenance, and education of the sons of respectable but poor teachers; the sons of poor but honest farmers; whom failing, the sons of respectable master-printers or booksellers, and the sons of respectable servants in the agricultural line." This settlement was explained and modified,

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