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was at Plymouth, he saw a great many of its in- Johnson
habitants, and was not sparing of his very enter- at Ply-
taining conversation. It was here that he made mouth
that frank and truly original confession, that "igno-
rance, pure ignorance," was the cause of a wrong
definition in his Dictionary of the word pastern,1
to the no small surprise of the Lady who put the
question to him; who having the most profound
reverence for his character, so as almost to suppose
him endowed with infallibility, expected to hear an
explanation (of what, to be sure, seemed strange to
a common reader,) drawn from some deep-learned
source with which she was unacquainted.

Sir Joshua Reynolds, to whom I was obliged
for my information concerning this excursion, men-
tions a very characteristical anecdote of Johnson
while at Plymouth. Having observed, that in
consequence of the Dock-yard a new town had
arisen about two miles off as a rival to the old;
and knowing from his sagacity, and just observation
of human nature, that it is certain if a man hates at
all, he will hate his next neighbour; he concluded
that this new and rising town could not but excite
the envy and jealousy of the old, in which conjec-
ture he was very soon confirmed; he therefore set
himself resolutely on the side of the old town, the
established town, in which his lot was cast, con-
sidering it as a kind of duty to stand by it. He
accordingly entered warmly into its interests, and
upon every occasion talked of the dockers, as the
inhabitants of the new town were called, as upstarts
and aliens. Plymouth is very plentifully supplied
with water by a river brought into it from a great
1 See vol. i. p. 288.

Johnson distance, which is so abundant that it runs to waste and the in the town. The Dock, or New-town, being "Dock, totally destitute of water, petitioned Plymouth that ers a small portion of the conduit might be permitted to go to them, and this was now under consideration. Johnson, affecting to entertain the passions of the place, was violent in opposition; and halflaughing at himself for his pretended zeal, where he had no concern, exclaimed, "No, no! I am against the dockers; I am a Plymouth-man. Rogues! let them die of thirst. They shall not have a drop!" 1

Lord Macartney obligingly favoured me with a copy of the following letter, in his own handwriting, from the original, which was found, by the present Earl of Bute, among his father's papers.

"TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE EARL OF BUTE.

" MY LORD,

"THAT generosity by which I was recommended to the favour of his Majesty, will not be offended at a solicitation necessary to make that favour permanent and effectual.

"The pension appointed to be paid me at Michaelmas I have not received, and know not where or from whom I am to ask it. I beg, therefore, that your lordship will be pleased to supply Mr. Wedderburne with such directions as may be necessary, which, I believe, his friend

1 [A friend of mine once heard him, during this visit, exclaim with the utmost vehemence, “I HATE a Docker." -BLAKEWAY.]

J-severo Emmenlly horo & combine

flattery with firomnes & to peletion
with out servility

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to me.

Baretti

ship will make him think it no trouble to convey Letter to "To interrupt your Lordship, at a time like to this, with such petty difficulties, is improper and unseasonable; but your knowledge of the world has long since taught you, that every man's affairs, however little, are important to himself. Every man hopes that he shall escape neglect; and, with reason, may every man, whose vices do not preclude his claim, expect favour from that beneficence which has been extended to,

" My Lord,

" Your Lordship's

" Most obliged,
" And

"Most humble servant,

"Temple Lane,

"Nov. 3, 1762."

"SAM. JOHNSON."

"TO MR. JOSEPH BARETTI, AT MILAN.

" SIR,

London, Dec. 21, 1762. "You are not to suppose, with all your conviction of my idleness, that I have passed all this ▸ time without writing to my Baretti. I gave a

letter to Mr. Beauclerk, who in my opinion, and Rea

in his own, was hastening to Naples for the re-
covery of his health; but he has stopped at Paris,
and I know not when he will proceed. Langton
is with him.

" I will not trouble you with speculations about peace and war. The good or ill success of battles and embassies extends itself to a very small part of domestick life: we all have good and evil, which

nam

end

ments

Baretti's we feel more sensibly than our petty part of publick disap- miscarriage or prosperity. I am sorry for your dispoint- appointment, with which you seem more touched than I should expect a man of your resolution and experience to have been, did I not know that general truths are seldom applied to particular occasions; and that the fallacy of our self-love extends itself as wide as our interest or affections. Every man believes that mistresses are unfaithful, and patrons capricious; but he excepts his own mistress, and his own patron. We have all learned that greatness is negligent and contemptuous, and that in Courts life is often languished away in ungratified expectation; but he that approaches greatness, or glitters in a Court, imagines that destiny has at last exempted him from the common lot.

hin

master

"Do not let such evils overwhelm you as thousands have suffered, and thousands have surmounted; but turn your thoughts with vigour to some other plan of life, and keep always in your mind, that, with due submission to Providence, a man of genius has been seldom ruined but by himself. Your Patron's weakness or insensibility will finally do you little hurt, if he is not assisted by your own passions. Of your love I know not the propriety, nor can estimate the power; but in love, as in every other passion of which hope is the essence, we ought always to remember the uncertainty of events. There is, indeed, nothing that so much seduces reason from vigilance, as the thought of passing life with an amiable woman; and if all would happen that a lover fancies, I know not what other terrestrial happiness would deserve pursuit. But love and marriage are different states. Those who are to suffer the evils together, and to suffer Johnson often for the sake of one another, soon lose that on martenderness of look, and that benevolence of mind, riage which arose from the participation of unmingled pleasure and successive amusement. A woman, we are sure, will not be always fair; we are not sure she will always be virtuous: and man cannot retain through life that respect and assiduity by which he manage pleases for a day or for a month. I do not, however, pretend to have discovered that life has any - thing more to be desired than a prudent and virtuous marriage; therefore know not what counsel to give you.

"If you can quit your imagination of love and greatness, and leave your hopes of preferment and bridal raptures to try once more the fortune of literature and industry, the way through France is now open.

We flatter ourselves that we shall cultivate, with great diligence, the arts of peace; and every man will be welcome among us who can teach us any thing we do not know. For your part, you will find all your old friends willing to receive you.

"Reynolds still continues to increase in reputation and in riches. Miss Williams, who very much loves you, goes on in the old way. Miss Cotterel is still with Mrs. Porter. Miss Charlotte is married to Dean Lewis, and has three children. Mr. Levet has married a street-walker. But the gazette of my narration must now arrive to tell you, that

1 [Johnson probably wrote " the evils of life together." The words in Italicks, however, are not found in Baretti's original edition of this letter, but they may have been omitted inadvertently either in his transcript or at the press.-M.]

VOL. II.

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