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himself on Easter eve, he laments, in his too rigo- "The
rous mode of censuring his own conduct, that his ingenious
Mr. Rolt
life, since the communion of the preceding Easter,
had been "dissipated and useless."1 He, however,
contributed this year the Preface * to Rolt's
"Dictionary of Trade and Commerce," in which
he displays such a clear and comprehensive know-
ledge of the subject, as might lead the reader to
think that its authour had devoted all his life to it.

I asked him, whether he knew much of Rolt, and the womy The booksellers wanted / bret of Trade and Commerce. wuten,

a

"Sir, (said he) I never saw the man, and never read the book. a Preface to Dictionary I knew very well what such a Dictionary should be, and I wrote a Preface accordingly." Rolt, who wrote a great deal for the booksellers, was, as Johnson told me, a singular character. Though not in the least acquainted with him, he used to say, "I am just come from Sam. Johnson." This was a sufficient specimen of his vanity and impudence. But he gave a more eminent proof of it in our sister kingdom, as Dr. Johnson informed me. When Akenside's "Pleasures of the Imagination" first came out, he did not put his name to the poem. Rolt went over to Dublin, published an edition of it, and put his own name to it. Upon the fame of this he lived for several months, being entertained at the best tables as "the ingenious Mr. Rolt." 2

1 Prayers and Meditations, p. 44.

2 I have had enquiry made in Ireland as to this story, but do not find it recollected there. I give it on the authority of Dr. Johnson, to which may be added, that of the "Biographical Dictionary," and "Biographia Dramatica; " in both of which it has stood many years.

Literary His conversation indeed, did not discover much of frauds the fire of a poet; but it was recollected, that both Addison and Thomson were equally dull till excited by wine. Akenside having been informed of this imposition, vindicated his right by publishing the poem with its real authour's name. Several instances of such literary fraud have been detected. The Reverend Dr. Campbell, of St. Andrew's, wrote "An Enquiry into the original of Moral Virtue," the manuscript of which he sent to Mr. Innes, a clergyman in England, who was his countryman and acquaintance. Innes published it with his own name to it; and before the imposition was discovered, obtained considerable promotion, as a reward of his merit. The celebrated Dr. Hugh Blair, and his cousin Mr. George Bannatine, when students in divinity, wrote a poem, entitled "The Resurrection," copies of which were handed about in manuscript. They were, at length, very much surprized to see a pompous edition of it in folio, dedicated to the Princess Dowager of Wales, by a Dr. Douglas, as his own. Some years ago a little novel, entitled "The Man of Feeling," was assumed by Mr. Eccles, a young Irish clergyman, who was afterwards drowned near Bath. He had been at the pains to transcribe the whole book, with blottings, interlineations, and corrections, that it might be

Mr. Malone observes, that the truth probably is, not that an edition was published with Rolt's name in the title-page, but, that the poem being then anonymous, Rolt acquiesced in its being attributed to him in conversation.

1 I have both the books. Innes was the clergyman who brought Psalmanazar to England, and was an accomplice in his extraordinary fiction.

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shewn to several people as an original. It was, in "The
truth, the production of Mr. Henry Mackenzie, an Man of
attorney in the Exchequer at Edinburgh, who is Feeling'
the authour of several other ingenious pieces; but
the belief with regard to Mr. Eccles became so
general, that it was thought necessary for Messieurs
Strahan and Cadell to publish an advertisement in
the news-papers, contradicting the report, and men-
tioning that they purchased the copy-right of Mr.
Mackenzie. I can conceive this kind of fraud to
be very easily practised with successful effrontery.
The Filiation of a literary performance is difficult
of proof; seldom is there any witness present at its
birth. A man, either in confidence or by improper
means, obtains possession of a copy of it in manu-
script, and boldly publishes it as his own. The true
authour, in many cases, may not be able to make
his title clear. Johnson, indeed, from the peculiar
features of his literary offspring, might bid defiance
to any attempt to appropriate them to others:

"But Shakspeare's magick could not copied be,
Within that circle none durst walk but he."

He this year lent his friendly assistance to correct and improve a pamphlet written by Mr. Gwyn, the architect, entitled "Thoughts on the Coronation of George III." *

Johnson had now for some years admitted Mr. Baretti to his intimacy; nor did their friendship cease upon their being separated by Baretti's revisiting his native country, as appears from Johnson's letters to him.

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"TO MR. JOSEPH BARETTI, AT MILAN.1

"You reproach me very often with parsimony of writing; but you may discover by the extent of my paper, that I design to recompence rarity by length. A short letter to a distant friend is, in my opinion, an insult like that of a slight bow or cursory salutation; -a proof of unwillingness to do much, even where there is a necessity of doing something. Yet it must be remembered, that he who continues the same course of life in the same place, will have little to tell. One week and one year are very like one another. The silent changes made by time are not always perceived; and if they are not perceived, cannot be recounted. I have risen and lain down, talked and mused, while you have roved over a considerable part of Europe; yet I have not envied my Baretti any of his pleasures, though, perhaps, I have envied others his company: and I am glad to have other nations made acquainted with the character of the English, by a traveller who has so nicely inspected our manners, and so successfully studied our literature. I received your kind letter from Falmouth, in which you gave me notice of your departure for Lisbon; and another from Lisbon, in which you told me, that you were to leave Portugal in a few days. To either of these how could any answer be returned? I have had a third from Turin, complaining that I have

1 The originals of Dr. Johnson's three letters to Mr. Baretti, which are among the very best he ever wrote, were communicated to the proprietors of that instructive and elegant monthly miscellany, "The European Magazine," in which they first appeared.

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not answered the former. Your English style still The difcontinues in its purity and vigour. With vigour ficulty of your genius will supply it: but its purity must be using continued by close attention. To use two languages guages familiarly, and without contaminating one by the other, is very difficult; and to use more than two, is hardly to be hoped. The praises which some have received for their multiplicity of languages, - may be sufficient to excite industry, but can hardly generate confidence.

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"I know not whether I can heartily rejoice at the kind reception which you have found, or at the popularity to which you are exalted. I am willing that your merit should be distinguished; but cannot wish that your affections may be gained. I would have you happy wherever you are: yet I would have you wish to return to England. If ever you visit us again, you will find the kindness of your friends undiminished. To tell you how many enquiries are made after you, would be tedious, or if not tedious, would be vain; because you may be told in a very few words, that all who knew you wish you well; and that all that you embraced at your departure, will caress you at your return: therefore do not let Italian academicians nor Italian ladies drive us from your thoughts. You may find among us what you will leave behind, soft smiles and easy sonnets. Yet I shall not wonder if all our invitations should be rejected: for there is a pleasure in being considerable at home, which is not easily

Mresisted.

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20

"By conducting Mr. Southwell to Venice, you fulfilled, I know, the original contract: yet I would wish you not wholly to lose him from your notice,

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