trated on them by bands of plunderers who flocked to the ruined cities.

21. At the Assize Court of the Isère, venerableGrenoble, Benjamin Reynaud, a looking person, sixty-six years of age, of good education and easy fortune, was tried for murdering his daughter by stabbing her with a poniard. He appeared to have been excited to the deed by a contemptuous expression used in a note from one of his mistresses to his daughter. He also shot a young man with whom the latter had an assignation, and attempted to commit suicide by firing a pistol into his mouth. The jury found Reynaud guilty with extenuating circumstances, and he was sentenced to imprisonment for life.

22. At Taunton Assizes, Matthew Wedmore and Charles Wedmore, brothers, were sentenced to death for the murder of an aged female relation, at Dundry, on the 9th January last. The two ruffians first attacked deceased's husband for the sake of his money, and then turned on the old woman, whom they beat to death with a pair of tongs. They were executed together on the 5th April.

26. This day (Good Friday) five men lost their lives on Hollingworth Lake, near Rochdale, through a collision between two pleasureboats.

27. At the Brecon Assizes, Wm. Williams was sentenced to be executed for shooting his mother, Ann Williams, at Grwyney, Talgarth, on the 18th October last. The jury recommended the prisoner to mercy on the ground of his youth and ignorance; but the crime was so barbarous, and committed with so much premeditation, that no effect could be given to the recommendation. He was executed on Tuesday, April 23d.

28. Meeting at the Mansion House to take steps to raise money for the relief of the starving people of North-west India. It was at one time feared that public sympathy could not be aroused in favour of this pressing and widespread calamity. On taking his seat on the 23d, the Lord Mayor (Cubitt) said that on making inquiry he found there were few or none of influence or station who were likely to come forward and take part in a requisition for a meeting, and he had, therefore, been recently compelled to write to Calcutta that he had not been able to meet the wishes of the Relief Committee formed there. After this public statement money began to flow in abundantly, and when the lists were finally closed about the end of June it was found that the large sum of 107,5857. had been collected. Of this sum 50, 500/. was remitted to Calcutta, and 54,000l. to Bombay.

31.-The remains of Napoleon I. interred in the tomb so long prepared for them in the crypt of the Invalides. The Emperor was present with his court, and a large number of the soldiers of the First Empire.

April 1.-In Sheffield, the constituents of

Mr. Roebuck refuse to hear any defence of the charges made against him in connexion with the Galway Steamboat Company and certain Austrian Government contracts. The Mayor was compelled to leave the chair in consequence of the noise and confusion caused by the excited electors. Mr. Roebuck obtained a hearing next day, entered at length into a vindication of his character and votes, and obtained a vote of confidence on the occasion.

1. Volunteer sham - fights; at Brighton under Lord Ranelagh, and at Wimbledon under Lord Bury.

6.-Upsetting of a ferry-boat at Govan, near Glasgow, whereby seven people were drowned, and the lives of thirty others placed in great jeopardy. The accident was mainly owing to a panic seizing some of the passengers while the boat was being hastily overcrowded with people from one of the Clyde steamers.

Six people drowned in Dublin by the upsetting of an omnibus, near Portobellobridge, into the Great Canal. The horses in the vehicle became restive on the crown of the bridge, and having their heads towards the east parapet for the purpose of taking the ascent at an angle, backed with great violence against the opposite side, which gave way in the shock and permitted the omnibus and horses to fall into the canal.

8.-Census of Great Britain and Ireland taken this evening (Sunday), being the seventh decennial enumeration under the authority of Parliament. The registering staff was much more complete than on any previous occasion, and the returns embodied a greater variety of information, though one itemthe attendance at churches-was omitted on the

present occasion. The total population of the British Isles was taken at 29,334, 788, as compared with 27,511,926 in 1851: of this number England and Wales contributed 20,061,725, as compared with 17,927,609 in 1851; and Scotland gave 3,061,329, as compared with 2,888,742; but Ireland showed a decrease of 787,842, the number in that portion of the United Kingdom being set down at 5,764,543, as compared with 6,552,385 in 1851. The net increase in England and Wales for the decennial period was 12 per cent., but over the entire kingdom only 6 per cent.

Another outbreak at Warsaw, suppressed by the military after the slaughter of about 100 people.

9. The Earl of Elgin lands at Dover after his special mission to China and Japan. In replying to the congratulatory address presented to him, his Lordship said :-" The Chinese, no doubt, still labour under the disadvantages, and exhibit the defects, which ignorance of the world and isolation engender both in individuals and society; but they are, nevertheless, a people eminently industrious, peaceable, intelligent, and commercial, and are, therefore, calculated, when the shackles

and trammels which impede the true exercise of their natural energies shall have been shaken off, to contribute largely, both as producers and consumers, to the sum of human prosperity and natural well-being."

10. Mr. Baines's proposal to reduce the borough franchise to 67. negatived by a majority voting for "the previous question."

12.-A young man, named William Horsley, murdered in the Pack Horse Inn, Carlisle ; strangulation, it was generally believed, having been effected by his mother-in-law, Mrs. Davidson, in a fit of jealousy, caused by his paying attention to some other woman than herself. Mrs. Davidson committed suicide the same night.

Commencement of the sale of the famous Uzielli collection of gems, pottery, and paintings, which lasted over eight days, and brought prices formerly unheard-of in the world of Art. 13.-Publication of the Duc d'Aumale's letter to the Emperor of the French. "One thing," the Prince wrote, "astounds me; and that is, that my grandfather found no favour in your sight for you, like him, sat on the left side of a Republican Assembly. There, indeed, the resemblance stops; for he expiated his fault. He left the National Convention to mount the scaffold, while you descended from the benches of the Mountain to enter the splendid mansion in which the Duke of Orleans was born. . . . When the Buonapartes threaten to shoot people, their word may be relied upon. And note this, Prince, that of all the promises made by you and yours, that is the only one upon which I could relv. For it must be admitted that the present French Government, all-fortunate as it has been in many respects, is less successful as regards the fulfilment of promises than in other things. One man only swore to the Republican Constitution, and that man was the author of December 2. The same man said, 'The Empire is peace: and we have had the wars of the Crimea and Lombardy. In 1859 Italy was to be free to the Adriatic: Austria is still at Verona and Venice. The temporal power of the Pope was to be respected: we know what has become of that: and the Grand-dukes are still waiting for their restoration which was announced by the Peace of Villafranca."

The Federal garrison of Charleston surrender the fortress to the Confederates.

14.-Fire in Patrick-street, Dublin, causing the death of eleven people-nine of them children.

15.-The Chancellor of the Exchequer introduces his annual financial statement in a Committee of Ways and Means. The expenditure he estimated at 70,000,000l., and the income at 71,823,000l., this being the largest estimate of revenue ever made. He proposed to apply the surplus in the reduction of the Income-tax by one penny per pound-the rod. being reduced to 9d., and the 7d. to 6d.-and

to abolish the duty on paper. The first-mentioned reduction would absorb 850,000l. and the latter 665,000!. The proposal to abolish the paper-duty led to protracted discussion on the motion for going into Committee.

15. Mr. Samuel White Baker, accompanied by his wife, leaves Cairo, on an expedition to discover the sources of the Nile. After a year's exploration of the Abyssinian frontier, they arrived at Khartoum June 11th, 1862. They remained in that neighbourhood till the close of the year, when they commenced their voyage up the White Nile, reaching Gondokoro early in February 1863.

President Lincoln issues a proclamation, calling out the militia of the several States of the Union to the aggregate number of 75,000.

17. A bill legalizing marriage with a deceased wife's sister thrown out on a division on the second reading, by a majority of 177

to 172.

Proceedings were this day taken by the contending States in America which made a peaceable solution of their differences all but impossible; President Davis issuing letters of marque, and President Lincoln declaring the Southern ports in a state of blockade. In his message to the Provisional Congress at Montgomery, on the 29th, the former said: "I entertain no doubt you will concur with me in the opinion that, in the absence of a fleet of public vessels, it will be eminently expedient to supply their place by private armed vessels, so happily styled by the publicists of the United States the militia of the sea,' and so often and justly relied on by them as an efficient and admirable instrument of defensive warfare. I earnestly recommend the immediate passage of a law authorizing me to accept the numerous proposals already made."

19. The State of Maryland desiring to remain neutral in the quarrel between North and South, the mob in Baltimore attack a party of Massachusetts troops on their march through to Washington. Secretary Seward wrote to the Governor, that the force to be sent though the State was designed for nothing but the defence of the capital. "The President," he wrote,

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cannot but remember that there has been a time in the history of the American Union when forces designed for the defence of the capital were not unwelcome anywhere in the State of Maryland."

21.-Attempted murder in the house of G. Higgins, Chapel-street, Islington, a youth named Frederick Strugnell making a savage attack on the female servant, Ann Redkisson, to prevent her raising an alarm of "Thieves !" whom he had introduced to plunder the house. He was sentenced to death for the capital offence, but respited.

24.-Debate in the House of Commons on the proposal to facilitate elections for universities by permitting the use of voting-papers.

A bill authorizing this novel experiment was passed during the session through both Houses of Parliament.

28. The Confederate Congress passed an Act authorizing the President to borrow fifteen millions of dollars on the credit of their own States, by the issue of bonds at eight per cent., the principal and interest being secured by an export duty on cotton of one-eighth of a cent per pound.

29.-Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between her Majesty and the Sultan signed at Kaulidja.

May 1.-At a Mansion House banquet, Lord Derby explains the reasons which induced the Conservative party to support the present Ministry in office, rather than involve the country in a new series of embarrassments arising from the present divided state of parties.

3.-President Lincoln issues a proclamation calling into the service of the United States 42,000 volunteers, and directing that the regular army should be increased by 22,714 officers and men, and the navy by 18,000 seamen. The following day Mr. Secretary Seward wrote to the American minister at Paris :-"You cannot be too decided or too explicit in making known to the French Government that there is not now, nor has there been, nor will there be, the least idea existing in this Government of suffering a dissolution of this Union to take place in any way whatever. There will be here only one nation and one government, and there will be the same republic and the same constitutional union that have already survived a dozen national changes and changes of government in almost every other country. These will stand hereafter, as they are now, objects of human wonder and human affection. You have seen, on the eve of your departure, the elasticity of the national spirit, the vigour of the national Government, and the lavish devotion of the national treasures to this great cause.

The insurgents have instituted revolution with open, flagrant, deadly war, to compel the United States to acquiesce in the dismemberment of the Union. The United States have accepted this civil war as an inevitable necessity.

6. Vice-Chancellor Sir John Stuart delivers judgment in the case of the Kossuth notes. The Emperor of Austria prayed that Messrs. Day, who had undertaken to furnish Kossuth with a large quantity of paper-money for circulation in Hungary, should deliver up the same, and that the plates should be destroyed. At the same time he obtained an injunction restraining the Messrs. Day from delivering the notes to Kossuth, Sir John Stuart holding that the paper-money prepared was intended for circulation in Hungary. The question now was whether the Messrs. Day could be allowed to possess this large quantity of printed paper manufactured for such a purpose. The defence was, that the court had no

jurisdiction. Sir John Stuart was of a contrary opinion. The regulation of the currency he held to be a great prerogative right of sovereign power. A public right recognised by the law of nations is a legal right, because the law of nations is part of the common law of England. Whereas in the present case the existing rights of a plaintiff as sovereign of Hungary are recognised by the Crown of England, the relief which he seeks in this case is for the protection of that legal right against the acts of the defendants. That protection can only be effectually afforded by the relief prayed in this suit, and there must be a decree against the defendants according to the prayer of the bill. Judgment confirmed on appeal, June 12.

6. In a Committee of Ways and Means, Mr. Gladstone announces his intention of including all the chief financial propositions of the Budget in one bill, instead of dividing it into several. This course was objected to by Mr. Disraeli and other members of the Opposition as contrary to precedent and constitutional usage, and designed to limit the powers of the House of Lords. Lord Robert Cecil characterised the step as designed "to avenge a special political defeat, to gratify a special pique, and to gain the doubtful votes of a special political section." Sir James Graham, though suffering from illness, spoke with great vigour and eloquence on the side of the Government proposal. "It is open," he said, "to the Lords to reject the whole; or, if they think fit, they may alter a part of it; but, according to the well-known principle, altering a portion is equal to the rejection of the whole. I have heard a sort of hustings-cry, 'Down with the paper-duty, and up with the tea-duty.' Now, I do not wish to raise an invidious hustings-cry; but if we are to have a hustingscry-if that fatal issue should be joined, Up with the Lords, and down with the Commons," -if that issue be taken, I do not think that gentlemen on this side need be afraid of going to their constituents with that cry; and I very much mistake if the power and authority of the House of Commons would not be confirmed by a large majority." The proposal of the Government was carried after several nights' debate by a majority of 296 to 281. The Lords afterwards consented to the arrange

ment.

7.--On the motion of Mr. Maguire, Government consent to the production of certain papers connected with the mission of Mr. Gladstone as Lord High Commissioner to the Ionian Islands in 1858, and also with the subsequent administration of Sir Henry Storks.

8. In answer to Mr. Gregory, Lord John Russell announces in the House of Commons that, after consulting the law-officers of the Crown, the Government were of opinion that the Southern Confederacy of America, according to principles which appear to be just principles, must be recognised as a belligerent Power.

10.-Debates in both Houses of Parliament on the subject of the French occupation of Syria, which had been consented to under a convention by the British Government, in consequence of the calamitous outbreaks in that country. Several speakers laid the blame of the late unhappy events in that country upon the Ottoman Government.

11. Mr. Seward writes to the Spanish minister on the subject of the blockade of the Southern ports :-"The blockade will be strictly enforced upon the principles recognised by the law of nations. Armed vessels of neutral states will have the right to enter and depart from the interdicted ports."

13.-Lord Shaftesbury directs the attention of the House of Lords to that part of the Report of the Education Commissioners relating to Ragged Schools, which he characterised as untrue, unfair, and ungenerous. The Duke of Newcastle defended the Report, and the motion for papers was subsequently withdrawn.

In the Hungarian Diet, M. Deak protested against the Emperor's diploma of 20th October, 1860, by which the existence of the Hungarian Government was made to depend on a foreign assembly. The first address adopted by the Diet was not received by the Emperor; nor was it till the members addressed him as the hereditary King of Hungary, that he promised to restore the Constitution under conditions tending to the development of the whole empire.

Neutrality proclamation issued by her Majesty, warning all subjects of the Queen from enlisting in the sea or land service on either side of the American belligerents, from supplying munitions of war, equipping vessels for privateering purposes, engaging in transport service, or doing any other act calculated to afford assistance to either party.

14. Under the title of "The New Traveller's Tales," Dr. Gray, Keeper of Zoology, British Museum, begins a correspondence, in which various scientific men of note take part, impugning the accuracy and importance of the travels and discoveries of M. de Chaillu in Africa.

15. Mr. Adams arrives as American minister in London, in room of Mr. Dallas.

General Butler occupies Baltimore with 2,000 men, and proclaims martial law, on the plea that the district was in a highly disaffected state towards the Union.

18. The Post-Office Secretary causes intimation to be made that the Galway postal contract is at an end, in consequence of the Company having failed to comply with the stipulations. It was renewed in July 1863, when 15,000l. was voted for a subsidy; but again terminated, after a succession of failures, in February 1864.

20. A missionary named Gordon and his wife cut to pieces by the savages of Erromanga.

24. Falling in of a portion of the Metropolitan Underground Railway, Euston-road, St. Pancras. About four o'clock the whole of the earth in front of the pavement on the north side, the pavement itself, and the walls and railings in front of no less than eight houses fell in with a loud crash. Previous warnings regarding danger at this part of the line had led to the withdrawal of the workmen before the accident.

27.-Explosion at Waltham powder mills; one man killed, and three injured.

28.-Epsom Races. The Derby won by Kettledrum: the Oaks (30th) by Brown Duchess.

30.-Father Daly, of Galway, and the Premier. A rumour being current in the House that the votes of Irish members on the Budget division had been influenced by the decision of the Government with reference to the Galway contract, Lord Palmerston now explains what had taken place at the interview with the Rev. Father, who waited on him to urge the claims of the Company. "I said the question must be discussed publicly in the House of Commons, not privately in my room. Mr. Daly said if I would not discuss it with him, would I do so with a deputation of Irish members. I said I did not see that it was a matter between me and the Irish members, but between the Government and the Galway Company; nor did I see what the Irish members had to do with it more than to take part in the discussion that must follow on the motion. (Laughter.) Mr. Daly said I was mistaken, because the Irish members must take some action on the subject. I said, 'Yes, that action will be on the discussion.' (Cheers and laughter.) 'Well,' Mr. Daly said, 'that won't exactly do(laughter): I wish to bring a deputation of Irish members to you on Monday.' But Monday, I told him, was the day appointed for the Budget, and the Galway contract is a different question. (Laughter.) I said, 'There is no discussion on Monday about the Galway contract. There is no reason why I should receive a deputation on that day; and, moreover, if I were to receive a deputation, I know already everything they could say to me, and I can

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only tell them what I tell you-namely, that it is a public question to be discussed in the House of Commons, and not in a private room in my house. 'Well, but,' said Mr. Daly, 'I am anxious that you should see them on Monday, because they must take action on the subject-(laughter)—and that action must be taken on Monday evening.' (Renewed laughter.) 'Oh,' said I, 'I now understand you-(much laughter); and when it is put to me in that way, I must, with all due deference and respect for the Irish members, entirely decline seeing any of them.''

June 1.-M. Blondin commences a series of performances at the Crystal Palace on a rope stretched at a great distance from the ground.

3. Sir Charles Wood makes a short preliminary statement respecting the finances of India, on which to found a resolution, to which he asked the assent of the House, affirming the expediency of raising money in the United Kingdom for the service of India. The Indian financial statement was made on the 25th of the following month, when a loan of 5,000,000l. was proposed to assist the railways.

Arrangement concluded regarding the Wilton-Dickson scandal. In connexion with the dismissal of Lieutenant-Colonel Dickson from the 2d Tower Hamlets Militia, that officer charged the Colonel, Lord Wilton, with (1) having introduced to the officers a female of loose habits; (2) with keeping her in his hut on Woolwich Common on a certain day till the regiment was ready for inspection; (3) that he had received the regimental salute in company of the said female; and, generally, with conduct unbecoming an officer and gentleman, derogatory to the position of a deputylieutenant of the Tower Hamlets, and especially disgraceful to a privy councillor, a peer of the realm, and a magistrate. In anticipation of a Court of Inquiry ordered by Mr. Secretary Herbert for to-morrow, it was now agreed (1) That Colonel Dickson shall appear before the Court of Inquiry and state that he has placed himself in the hands of his friend, Mr. Duncombe, M. P., who has recommended him to withdraw the charges made against the Earl of Wilton, being satisfied with the explanations which have been given; and Colonel Dickson is to ask permission of the court to withdraw the same.

(2) Mr. Dun

combe and Mr. Edwin James, on behalf of Lord Wilton, undertake to use their best efforts with the authorities of the War Office and Horse Guards to restore to Lieut-Col. Dickson the position he has lost in his profession, and endeavour to obtain for him some employment consistent with his former rank. (3) Colonel

Dickson having incurred a large expense, arising out of the dispute and charges against him connected with the Tower Hamlets Militia, and in the action brought by him against Lord Wilton, Mr. Duncombe has represented this

to Mr. Edwin James; and he has agreed, on Lord Wilton's behalf, to pay Colonel Dickson 600l. upon this arrangement being carried out. The first article of the arrangement was carried out at the Court of Inquiry; the third was discharged by Lord Wilton on the 14th; but the second led to much after-dispute and bad feeling among the parties mixed up in the scandal.

4. The Lord Mayor of Dublin, attended by a deputation of the Corporation in their robes, appear at the bar of the House of Commons to present a petition praying for the restoration of the subsidy to the Galway Steam Packet Company.

Wreck of the Montreal Steam Navigation ship, Canadian, on an iceberg, while passing through the Straits of Belleisle. Out of a crew of 97 and 112 passengers, 35 were drowned by the upsetting of one of the eight boats in which those on board took refuge. The mail also was lost.

5.-Horticultural fête on the occasion of opening the new grounds of the Royal Horticultural Society at Brompton. In answer to an address presented to him on the occasion, his Royal Highness the Prince Consort said, "That which last year was still a vague conception, is to-day a reality, and I trust will be accepted as a valuable attempt at least to reunite the science and art of gardening to the sister arts of architecture, sculpture, and painting."

6.-Died at Turin, in his 52d year, Camillo Benso di Cavour, known in this country as Count Cavour, the Prime Minister of the King of Italy, regenerator of the kingdom, and one of the most popular of modern Italian statesmen. His disorder was of a typhoid character, and, unfortunately, the science of Italian physicians did not discard the pernicious practice of bleeding. They bled their unhappy patient again and again, till his nervous system, previously reduced to great debility by hard work and anxiety, succumbed to their weakening attacks. When it became known in Turin that the Minister was in a dying state, a mournful crowd occupied the area before his palace, and sat day and night, mute, and apparently unchanged, watching with eager eyes every movement within the dwelling. It was said that the shadow of despair which fell over the whole city when the announcement of his death was made could be likened to nothing but the consternation felt on the arrival of the despatches which told of the fatal defeat of Novara in 1849. Baron Ricasoli was afterwards placed at the head of affairs.

7.-The British ship Prince of Wales wrecked at Albardas, Rio Grande; the natives of the district plundering the vessel and killing some of the crew. The refusal of the Brazilian Government to make restitution led to reprisals being made by Great Britain, and latterly to a suspension of diplomatic intercourse between the two countries. The dispute, in its latest form, was referred for