searching pressure of Sir F. Thesiger. He stood the first day's examination with rare coolness; but on the morning of the third day appeared chop-fallen and disconcerted. The first decisive blow given to his story was when it was shown that a letter, in his handwriting, sealed with the Smyth seal, was dated the 13th March, while he had sworn that he did not obtain an impression of the seal before the 17th, and had then to get it engraved. What defence he would have made at this point of the evidence it is impossible to say; but he turned pale, and requested permission to retire. At this moment a telegram from London brought the news that the police had discovered that the plaintiff applied to an engraver at 161, Oxford-street, in January last, to engrave the Bandon crest on the ring which had been produced during the trial as a relic, and the words "F. Gookin on a brooch, which he had sworn was in his possession as another family relic for years. Upon this a dramatic scene occurred. The plaintiff admitted that this was true, and Sir F. Thesiger sat down deeply moved. The court was hushed in silence. Sir F. Thesiger then rose again, and said he should not spare his feelings longer. Sir F. Thesiger: You said yesterday, that for eighteen months during the years 1818 and 1819 you were in the house of Dr. Williams, in Parliament-street, suffering from illness? Plaintiff I did not say Dr. Williams. Sir F. Thesiger: Now, were you not during those eighteen months in Ilchester Gaol, under a conviction for horse-stealing? Plaintiff: No, I was not. Sir F. Thesiger: Were you not sentenced to death, under the name of Thomas Provis, for stealing a gelding, the goods and chattels of George Hadden? and was not your sentence commuted to eighteen months' imprisonment, in consideration of your youth? Plaintiff It was not I; it must be some other person. Sir F. Thesiger: Have you got the marks of the evil on your neck, and also on your right hand? The witness hesitated, but at last bared his neck and hand and there the marks were apparent. Those on the right hand were the marks he alleged to have been inflicted in childbirth, and which he represented in a deed as the indelible marks of identity of the Smyth family. Sir F. Thesiger: You mentioned in one of your letters that you were at Colonel Hadden's on a visit? Plaintiff: I do not remember the name. Sir F. Thesiger: Was his name George Hadden? Plaintiff: I do not know. Here Sir F. Thesiger drew attention to the fact that the motto on the deed of 1823 was Qui capit capitur.' The cross-examination was continued for a short time longer; when the judge spoke to the plaintiff's counsel, Mr. Bovill; and that gentleman, rising, said that after so appalling an exhibition he and his brethren would not continue the contest any longer. The plaintiff was then removed to Gloucester Gaol. He was tried on the Ist April ensuing, on charges of forgery and

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perjury, and sentenced to twenty-one years' transportation.

8.-Grand naval review at Spithead. Some idea of this demonstration may be formed from an enumeration of the aggregate of guns, horsepower, and tonnage in the fleet, and from the number of men employed for the full complement of each ship. There was an engine power of 9,780 horses (nominally, but in reality double that amount); 44, 146 tons of shipping; and ships' companies that should altogether have amounted to 10,825 hands, although the actual number fell short of that by 1,000. The fleet comprised twenty-five ships of war, thirteen of which were screwsteamers, nine paddle-wheel, and three sailing ships of the line. There were no less than 1,087 guns, the smallest being 32-pounders, and the largest throwing 84-pound shells; but the 68-pounders were the chief features of the armament. At forty-five minutes past ten the Victoria and Albert entered between the leeward ships of the fleet, passing first the Vesuvius and Terrible, and then proceeding straight down the line towards the Duke of Wellington at the weather extremity. As the royal yacht passed up the line, she was followed by the Vivid and Elfin; by the Fairy, with the members of the Prussian royal family on board by the Banshee, with General Simpson, Governor of Portsmouth, and several other distinguished officers; by the Black Eagle, Bulldog, and Hecla, laden with the Lords of the Admiralty and their friends; by the Stromboli and Gorgon, bearing on their decks both Houses of Parliament; by the Lizard, Fly, and several other vessels, carrying pendants and freighted with persons who had been provided with tickets for the day. Nearly every yacht-club was represented, from the clipper schooner of 200 tons down to the Thames cutter of 10, clothed in their snow white canvas, big jibs and gaff-topsails set. The dusky forms of numerous steamers, struggling under the enormous loads of living creatures who swarmed from stem to stern, on paddle-box, deck, rigging, and yards, contrasted with the livelier lines of the sailing vessels, and relieved their monotony. Her Majesty was greeted in the most enthusiastic manner by the passengers in the steamers which happened to be near enough to see her. After the Queen and suite had inspected the Duke of Wellington, the signal was given to weigh, and her Majesty led the fleet out to sea, the royal yacht occupying a central position between the Duke on the starboard and the Agamemnon on the port side, but slightly in advance of both. A few miles below the Mole the signal was given to form line abreast, which the ships did at cable length from each other, the line from end to end extending a distance of three miles. At 2.40 the signal was given "to chase," and later in the afternoon the exciting series of manoeuvres culminated in an engagement between the most powerful vessels of the fleet. An Admiralty

order was issued next day expressing her Majesty's high approval of the exemplary conduct exhibited on the occasion by admirals, captains, officers, and men. "The Queen received also with peculiar pleasure the hearty proofs of goodwill and attachment to her person and family which mingled grateful feelings with proud recollections, and added happiness to conscious strength, in witnessing the evolutions of such a fleet ready to defend the power of the Crown and the independence of the nation."

8.-Hans Smith Macfarlane and Helen Blackwood executed at Glasgow, for their share in the murder of a ship-carpenter named Boyd, whom they threw out of the window of a brothel, when in a state of helpless intoxication.

The head waiter of the George inn, at Portsmouth, shot in the lobby of that house by the accidental explosion of a fowling-piece which Mr. Powell, of Chichester, had taken with him to the review and neglected to discharge or uncap before packing up.

12.-After a litigation of thirteen years, the House of Lords decided against the validity of the Braintree Church-rate.

15.-Accident at the Crystal Palace, Sydenham. While seventeen workmen were engaged on the scaffolding at the north end of the middle transept, constructing "trusses" for the erection of the iron ribs, the platform suddenly gave way, and the whole of the men fell to the floor of the building, a distance of 102 feet. Ten of them were taken up dead, and two more died after removal to Guy's Hospital. The other five sustained severe injuries.

16.-Lord John Russell, in concluding his promised explanation relative to the Eastern negotiations, said he thought, from the acceptance of the Vienna note by Russia, there was now a fair prospect of securing the objects in view without involving Europe in hostilities or exposing the independence and integrity of Turkey.

The

17.-Robbery at Middleton Hall, Derbyshire, the seat of Lord Denman. A box containing the freedom of the City of London, three gold coronation medals, and two or three articles of silver plate was carried off. crime was traced to a man named Simpson, who offered a piece of the stolen silver plate for sale at York, and who appeared to have obtained access to the house through the culpable conduct of the under-butler.

18.-Lieutenant Bellot, of the French navy, drowned at Cape Grinnel, Wellington Channel, while aiding in the search for Sir John Franklin by carrying the Admiralty despatches to Sir Edward Belcher.

19. The House of Lords reverse the decision of the judges in the Bridgewater Will case. When the late Earl died, in 1823, it

was found that he had devised a great portion of his vast property to Lord Alford, son of Earl Brownlow, with remainder in succession to the Egertons of Tatton, Milton, and Malpas, in Cheshire, and their heirs male; but he annexed to the possession of the estates the strange condition, that the possessor under the will should obtain the marquisate or dukedom of Bridgewater within five years, or that the property should pass to the next heir. Lord Alford became possessed of the property, and assumed the name of Egerton, in 1849, on the death of the Countess of Bridgewater; but he died in 1851 without having fulfilled the condition of the will; and his son filed a bill in Chancery against the trustees, praying that he might be declared equitable tenant in tail-mail in possession. To this Mr. Charles Henry Egerton, brother of the late Lord Alford, demurred; and Lord Cranworth decided, that, as the late Lord Alford had not attained to the dignity of Marquis or Duke of Bridgewater, the estates passed to Mr. Charles Henry Egerton. Against this decree the son of the late Lord Alford, John William Spencer Brownlow Egerton, appealed to the House of Lords. The general arguments for the appellant were, that the condition was a subsequent condition and therefore illegal; that it was against public policy thus to tie up the estates and embarrass the Crown; that Lord Alford could not comply with the proviso, for he could not make himself Marquis or Duke of Bridgewater, and that therefore the condition could not be performed. Counsel having been heard, the Lord Chancellor, on the 30th ult., submitted several questions to the judges for their opinion. Certain of the judges affirmed the decision of the courts below, but Lords Lyndhurst, Brougham, Truro, and St. Leonard's took an opposite view, and the Lord Chancellor therefore now pronounced judgment reversing the decree.

19.-The Porte declines to accept the Vienna note without certain alterations, to which Russia will not consent.

The

20.-Parliament prorogued by Commission. Lord Palmerston expressed the belief of the Government that Parliament might be prorogued without anxiety. With reference to the evacuation of the Danubian Principalities, the Emperor of Russia (he was confident) would take the earliest opportunity of the settlement of the difference with Turkey, to evacuate the territory of his own accord. Royal Speech referred to the Eastern difficulty in these words:-"It is with deep interest and concern that her Majesty has viewed the serious misunderstanding which has recently arisen between Russia and the Ottoman Porte. The Emperor of the French has united with her Majesty in earnest endeavours to reconcile differences the continuance of which might involve Europe in war. Acting in concert with the Allies, and relying on the exertions of the Conference now assembled at Vienna, her Majesty has good reason to hope that an

honourable arrangement will speedily be accomplished."

22.-Private O'Neill, of the 12th Foot, shoots Corporal Brown in Belfast barracks for threatening to report him for misconduct. When seized in the barrack-yard, O'Neill admitted firing the shot, and expressed himself as highly satisfied with the result.

as

24. Joseph Mobbs, of the Minories, known

"General Haynau," from his systematic course of brutality towards his wife, completed his career of cruelty early this morning by cutting her throat. He afterwards attempted to commit suicide, but failing in the attempt was tried for the offence, and executed 21st November.

29.-The Queen and Prince Albert, with the Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred, visit Dublin, and inspect the Exhibition of Irish Industry there. Mr. Dargan was presented, and kissed hands.

Died at Oaklands, near Portsmouth, Sir Charles James Napier, the conqueror of Scinde, aged 71.

31.-Bread riot at Liége, leading to the suspension of the Corn-laws.

September 4.-The cholera broke out with great severity at Newcastle. It appeared in London on the 11th, in the same quarter where the disastrous outbreak of 1849 took place.

8.-Fall of a house in the Strand, adjoining Arundel-street, causing the death of the occupant, Mr. Thompson, tailor, his wife, and foreman. The coroner's jury found that the accident was owing to the gross negligence of Mr. Abraham, surveyor to the Duke of Norfolk, in not causing the party wall to be sufficiently shored up and underpinned before the excavations for certain new buildings adjoining were commenced. When put on his trial, the judge interrupted the statement of counsel for the Crown, by saying that it was clear the indictment could not be sustained, as the law of manslaughter had not been understood by the jury.

10.-Fire at the ship-building yard of F. Scott Russell & Co., Millwall, destroying property valued at 100,000/. The fire was discovered almost simultaneously by a policeman on duty in the neighbourhood and by the watchman employed on the premises. It was at first thought the flames could be confined to the building in which they broke out, but the combustible nature of the stock afforded such ready and abundant fuel that the fire spread in all directions, igniting in succession the erecting shops and the long range of workshops used by the carpenters and painters.

A body of thirty-five students belonging to the "Ülemah" present a petition to the Supreme Council of the Sultan, enjoining war on the enemies of Islam, under threats of great disturbance throughout the empire.

11.-The Vienna Gazette announces the discovery of the crown of St. Stephen, and other

regalia of Hungary, at Orsova, where they had been buried in 1849 by the Hungarian insurgents. They were now presented to the Emperor of Austria.

17.-Explosion of a powder-magazine at Gibraltar used by the 30th regiment. Of the six men employed in the magazine at the time, five were killed, and the other dangerously injured.

23. During an interview with Lord Aberdeen and Lord Clarendon, Count Walewski, after speaking of the crisis at Constantinople, which M. de La Cour's despatch had led the French Government to expect, said that his Government thought it "indispensably necessary that both fleets should be ordered up to Constantinople," and added that "he was directed to ask for the immediate decision of her Majesty's Government, in order that no time might be lost in sending instructions to the ambassadors and admirals." Lord Clarendon, while admitting that no intelligence of the nature referred to by M. de La Cour had been received from Lord Stratford de Redcliffe, intimated that they would without hesitation take upon themselves to agree to the proposals of the French Government. On the same day Lord Stratford was instructed to bring the British fleet to Constantinople.

24. Interview between the Emperors of Russia and Austria at Olmütz.

27.-Inquiry commenced at the Thames Police-court into the mutinous occurrences on board the Queen of the Teign, between Singapore and the west coast of Africa, resulting in the death of five of the mutinous Lascars. The master, two seamen, and two Lascars were sent over in custody by the Governor of Gibraltar on a charge of murder; but full inquiry showed they had only acted in self-defence, and two of the Lascar witnesses, Ahalt and Ali, were committed for trial. At the Central Criminal Court the jury ignored the bill against the master and seamen, but sent the two above-named to trial. They were found guilty, and sentenced to fifteen years' transportation.

28. The damage at sea caused by the equinoxial gales was unusually great this season. The most serious casualty occurred off the coast of Barra, one of the Western Islands, where the Anna Jane, of Liverpool, was driven ashore with about 500 emigrants on board. The masts went overboard in succession, and soon afterwards the ship broke up, the deck between the main and mizenmast being crushed down upon the berths below, occupied by terror-stricken women and sleeping children. The poop and forecastle drifted ashore, and on these were all who survived the wreck, 102 in number. At daybreak next morning the shore was lined with corpses, and over 250 were gathered together and buried in pits.

Glasgow, by raising the hearth-stone of one of the rooms above, and collect about 2,000/. worth of plunder. An alarm being raised by the private watchman of the court, the robbers attempted to escape, leaving their bag of plunder on the stairs of the warehouse. One was captured, the other got off.

2.-Died M. Arago, French astronomer, aged 67.

3. The floor of one of the rooms of the Corporation Arms public-house, Preston, gives way under a crowd of work-people, collected to receive their weekly "strike" money. One girl was taken out dead, and 40 or 50 others, mostly females, suffered severe fractures.

4.-Fire at Lee Mill, Halifax, and destruction of buildings and machinery affording employment to 1,000 people.

5.-Serious calamity near the Straffan station of the Great Southern and Western Railway of Ireland. A slight accident occurring to the express train which left Cork at 12 noon, the guard and stoker were sent down the line to exhibit the danger signals, and warn the driver of a goods train known to be behind. The signals being either unseen or unheeded, it came up full speed against the express, smashing the last carriages to fragments, and inflicting serious injuries on the occupants. Thirteen passengers were killed on the spot, three died after long suffering, and many were maimed for life. The coroner's jury returned a verdict of manslaughter against the driver and stoker of the goods train.

The Porte issues a declaration making the further continuance of peace dependent upon the evacuation of the Principalities within fifteen days. The Russian general replied that he had no orders to commence hostilities, nor to conclude peace, nor to evacuate the Principalities.

7.-Interview between the Emperor of Russia and the King of Prussia, at Potsdam.

14. The combined fleets of England and France, which had for some time been lying in Besika Bay, passed up the Straits at the request of the Sultan. The Turkish Government addressed a note to the representatives of Austria and Prussia, explaining and justifying the step.

18.-The ship Dalhousie, one of the White Horse line of Australian passenger ships, founders in the Channel off Beachy Head, and goes down with the whole of her crew and passengers, sixty-three or four in number. Only one seaman escaped to tell the story of the disaster. On coming to the surface he placed himself on one of the "chocks" of the long-boat, and managed to float about till he was rescued by a brig, and taken to Dover. It was supposed that this calamity, which occasioned a great sensation at Lloyd's, originated in the starting of a "butt," or that the vessel struck upon a wreck or spar floating in the Channel. The afternoon was stormy,

but not so severe as to excite fears for the safety of the ship.

19.-Lord Palmerston advises the Presbytery of Edinburgh on the subject of cholera :-"It does not appear to Lord Palmerston that a national fast would be suitable to the circumstances of the present moment. The Maker of the universe established certain laws of nature for the planet in which we live; and the weal or woe of mankind depends upon the observance or neglect of those laws. One of those laws connects health with the absence of those gaseous exhalations which proceed from overcrowded human beings, or from decomposing substances, whether animal or vegetable; and those same laws render sickness the almost inevitable consequence of exposure to those noxious influences. But it has pleased Providence to place it within the power of man to make such arrangements as will prevent, or disperse, such exhalations, so as to render them harmless; and it is the duty of man to attend to those laws of nature, and to exert the faculties which Providence has thus given to man for his own welfare. Lord Palmerston would, therefore, suggest, that the best course which the people of this country can pursue to deserve that the further progress of the cholera should be stayed, will be to employ the interval that will elapse between the present time and the beginning of next spring in planning and executing measures by which those portions of their towns and cities which are inhabited by the poorer classes, and which, from the nature of things, must most need purification and improvement, may be freed from those causes and sources of contagion which, if allowed to remain, will infallibly breed pestilence, and be fruitful in death, in spite of all the prayers and fastings of an united but inactive nation. When man has done his utmost for his own safety, then is the time to invoke the blessing of Heaven to give effect to his exertions."

20.-A wagon filled with forty people, many of them children engaged in hop-picking, upset in passing over a small bridge near Tunbridge. The stream being unusually swollen, about thirty were swept down the current and drowned. The survivors managed to cling to the wagon or sides of the bridge till assistance reached them.

24.-Previous to her departure for Australia, Mrs. Chisholm delivers a farewell address to a company of emigrants and their friends, in Spitalfields. A resolution was carried expressive of gratitude for her exertions on their behalf.

27.-Dismissal of the Rev. F. D. Maurice from his professorships in King's College. At the first meeting of the Council after the long vacation, Principal Jelf laid before that body, in his official capacity, a correspondence (privately printed) which had taken place during the three preceding months between Mr. Maurice and himself, on the subject of certain

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statements made by the Professor in the concluding paper of his lately-published work, 'Theological Essays." These statements had reference to the eternity of the future punishment of the wicked. At the same meeting of the Council Mr. Maurice put in a printed "Answer to the Principal's Final Letter." With these documents in their hands, the Council adjourned till to-day, when, at a special meeting summoned for the purpose, they entered fully into the consideration of the whole matter, and came to the resolution that the opinions set forth, and the doubts expressed in the Essay laid before them, were of dangerous tendency, and calculated to unsettle the minds of theological students; and that the continuance of Mr. Maurice's connexion with the College would be seriously detrimental to its usefulness. As the Principal had advised Mr. Maurice to be present at the opening of the term to commence his usual courses, the Professor forwarded a remonstrance to the Council on the 7th Nov., calling upon them to state what article of faith condemned his teaching. "I cannot, my lords and gentlemen, believe that, great as are the privileges which the Right Rev. Bench has conceded to the Principal of King's College, their lordships the bishops ever intended to give him an authority superior to their own, superior to that of the Articles by which they are bound; I cannot think that they wish to constitute him and the Council arbiters of the theology of the English Church. Such a claim would be as alarming, I apprehend, to the public as to our ecclesiastical rulers.

If some

parents have been suspicious of the influence which I might exercise over their sons, I believe that there are few parents in England who will not complain that the College has departed from its original principle when it gives such a scope to the private judgment of its chief officer, or even to the judgment of the body which manages its affairs. If I have violated any law of the Church, that law can be at once pointed out; the nature of the transgression can be defined, without any reference to possible tendencies and results. It is this justice, and not any personal favour, my lords and gentlemen, which I now request at your hands."-After reading this letter, the Council decided that they did not think it necessary to enter further into the subject, and declared the two chairs held by Mr. Maurice in the College to be vacant.

28. Riots at Wigan, originating in disputes between the masters and the factory workmen and colliers, about 9,000 of whom were out on strike for increase of wages. They attacked the Royal Hotel, where the masters had held their meetings, and attempted to burn the houses of parties who had rendered themselves obnoxious to the mob. They were driven from the streets, late in the afternoon, by a detachment of the 34th Foot which arrived by train. The rioters next day attempted to destroy the saw-mills at Haig,

but were driven back by the work-people and police who garrisoned the building.

28.-Died Lord Cloncurry, aged 81.

29. At the Central Criminal Court, the Rev. Wade Meara pleaded guilty to printing and publishing false and scandalous libels against the Hon. Craven Fitzhardinge Berkeley and others. A written apology was read in court, and Meara bound over in his own recognisances to appear for judgment when called on.

November 1.-Moses Hatto, groom, murders Mary Ann Sturgeon, housekeeper to Mr. Goodwin, of the Burnham Abbey farm, near Windsor. In the absence of his master, and in a fit of passionate revenge (as he afterwards described it), the murderer entered the housekeeper's room, and there attacked her with the lard-beater; he afterwards followed the poor woman to her bed-room, where he finished his murderous work with a poker. To hide his

crime Hatto set fire to the body, by surrounding it with inflammable material; and, but for the arrival of his master, all trace of guilt might thus have been lost. As it was, the body was consumed above the waist, and the under part considerably scorched. From the murderer exhibiting unusual cunning in destroying the most prominent traces of his connexion with the crime, the evidence produced against Hatto was purely circumstantial. The jury returned a verdict of Guilty, and he was ordered for execution. He confessed his guilt the same night.

The Dublin Exhibition closed in the presence of 20,000 people. The Lord-Lieutenant said he could not declare the Exhibition closed without expressing an earnest wish for the health, happiness, and prosperity of the man to whom they were all indebted for the instruction they had received from the many productions of art and nature contained within the walls. On the following day a grand dinner was given to Mr. Dargan at the Mansion House.

The Emperor of Russia declares war against Turkey. "By our manifesto of the 26th of June of the present year we made known to our faithful and dearly-beloved subjects the motives which had placed us under the obligation of demanding from the Ottoman Porte inviolable guarantees in favour of the sacred rights of the Orthodox Church. We also announced to them that all our efforts to recall the Porte, by means of amicable persuasion, to sentiments of equity and to the faithful observance of treaties, had remained unfruitful, and that we had consequently deemed it indispensable to cause our troops to advance into the Danubian Principalities; but in taking this step we still entertained the hope that the Porte would acknowledge its wrong-doings, and would decide on acceding to our just