Church, Westminster, to whom Gawthorne offered to submit the "private" letters.

29.-Died of apoplexy, aged 77, Charles König, F.R.S., keeper of the mineralogical collections in the British Museum.

30. The so-called Baroness von Beck dies in the police-office, Birmingham, shortly before the hour fixed for examining into the truthfulness of her alleged adventures in Hungary. Constant Darra, who had assisted the lady in her schemes since her arrival in Liverpool, was dismissed by the magistrates.

31.-Horne's coach factory, Long-acre, destroyed by fire.

The Duke and Duchess of Norfolk attend divine service in the parish church of Arundel, thus indicating their secession from Rome.

September 1.-Seven young girls drowned in the Tyne, when attempting to reach a steamer, in a small boat, for the purpose of joining in an excursion to Marsden Rock. The boat put off at Howden, with seventeen passengers on board, but had scarcely got twenty yards from the shore when it was driven by the tide against two vessels lying in the river, and the whole were thrown out. Seven were drowned, and the other ten rescued with difficulty.

2. The arbitrators appointed in the case award to Mr. Hobbs, an American locksmith, the two hundred guineas offered by Messrs. Bramah, to any one who would pick the famous lock exhibited in their window in Piccadilly.

4.-Fourteen men perish by a colliery accident at Aberdare. When descending the pit, the chain broke, and the carriage fell 180 feet, killing every man on the spot. An accident of a similar character, but less fatal in its results, happened on the same day in the Deep Pit, Kingswood, near Bristol.

6.-Accident at the Bicester station of the Buckinghamshire Railway, caused by the engine getting off the rails, and throwing down three of the nearest carriages. Six of the passengers were killed.-Two days afterwards an Exhibition excursion train ran into another on the Great Northern line near Hornsey. The damage to the carriages and injury to passensengers were considerable, but no lives were lost.

Skefiah Khan arrives in the Euxine at Southampton as ambassador for Persia to the Court of St. James's.

10. The West India mail-steamer Teviot brings news that advices had been received from Sydney by way of the Isthmus, of the discovery of large quantities of gold in the neighbourhood of Bathurst.

14. Died, at Cooperstown, New York, aged 62, James Fenimore Cooper, novelist.

15.-On laying the foundation-stone of the Central Market-place of Paris, Prince Louis

Napoleon said, "I deliver myself with confidence to the hope that, with the support of good citizens, and with the protection of Heaven, it will be given to us to lay upon the soil of France some foundations whereupon will be erected a social edifice sufficiently solid to offer a shelter against the violence and mobility of human passions." Addressing M. Léon Faucher, the President said: “I am aware that every instant of your time is devoted to the duties of your office. I cannot but acknowledge such devotedness to the public good, and I accordingly nominate you Commander of the Legion of Honour." deputation of 300 of the "Dames de la Halle," or market women, waited upon the President next day at the Elysée, to offer him their congratulations. Refreshments were laid out in the dining-room, where the President proposed as a toast, "A la santé des dames de la Halle de Paris," which was responded to by an elderly matron proposing “La santé de Napoléon."

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20. The Emperor of Austria enters Milan, the inhabitants maintaining a dead silence during the march of the Imperial cavalcade along the streets.

22.-The Austrian authorities at Pesth execute the Hungarian refugees in effigy, with all the solemnities which usually accompany the execution of a human being.

Meeting of emigrants about to proceed to Australia, under the auspices of Mrs. Chisholm's Family Colonization Loan Society. The gathering took place on board the Athenian, in the East India Docks, and was presided over by the Earl of Shaftesbury, who, with Mr. Lowe, Mr. Sidney, and Mr. Foster, gave good advice to the emigrants, and much information concerning the colony.

27.-The French Government refuse permission to Kossuth to pass through France to England.

October 3. A boa-constrictor in the Zoological Gardens performs the extraordinary feat of swallowing a coarse thick blanket which had been introduced into its case for the purpose of affording a little extra heat. It remained in the creature's stomach till the 8th of November, when the blanket was disgorged shorn of its woolly surface and somewhat reduced in size.

4. A storm off Prince Edward's Island continuing for two days and causing the death of about 800 people.

5.-Whirlwind at Limerick, destroying a considerable amount of property in the town, and injuring many of the inhabitants.

6.-Commencement of the sale of the Natural History collection at Knowsley, formed by the late Earl of Derby. Amount realized, 7,000!. 7.-Largest attendance at the Great Exhibition, the number being 109,915.

9. The Queen visits Liverpool on her

return from Scotland, and is received with great enthusiasm. In the Town Hall the address of the Corporation was presented by the Mayor, Mr. Bent, on whom her Majesty conferred the honour of knighthood. The Royal party afterwards proceeded to Worsley Hall, the seat of the Earl of Ellesmere. Salford and Manchester were visited on the 10th. In reply to the address of the Corporation of the latter town, her Majesty said: "I rejoice to have been enabled to visit your borough, the capital of one of the most important branches of industry carried on in my dominions; and I have derived the highest gratification from the favourable account you are enabled to give me of the condition of my people.' Her Majesty conferred the honour of knighthood on the Mayor, Mr. Potter.

At

11. Closing of the Great Exhibition. five o'clock all the organs in the building played the National Anthem, after which the ringing of a bell warned the visitors to depart. They moved out slowly but quietly, and by half-past six every person not connected with the building had retired. On the 13th and 14th the privilege of a separate inspection was granted to each of the exhibitors with two friends. The 15th was the day appointed to receive the reports of the juries relative to medals. About 20,000 persons were assembled in the building at mid-day, when Prince Albert took his seat on the throne presented to the Queen by the Rajah of Travancore. The medals awarded were of two kinds-Prize Medals, "whenever a certain standard of excellence in production or workmanship had been attained ;" and Council Medals, in cases of "some important novelty of invention or application either in material or processes of manufacture, or originality combined with great beauty of design." Of the first 2,918 were awarded, and of the second 170. The total number of exhibitors

was 17,000, and the task of the juries involved the consideration and judgment of at least one million articles. A report on the award of the juries was read by Viscount Canning, and replied to by Prince Albert, who thanked all the great bodies who had concerned themselves in the success of the Exhibition. closing prayer was then offered up by the Bishop of London, and the choir completed the ceremony of the day by singing the Hallelujah chorus. The proceedings did not occupy more than thirty minutes.

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entire sum drawn from the opening to the close of the Exhibition was 505,1077. 58. 7d., including season-tickets, catalogues, and refreshments. Of the money received at the doors 275,000l. was in silver, and 81,000l. in gold; 90. of bad silver was taken, but it was a noticeable fact that the most of this was received on the half-crown and five-shilling days. The cash was received by eighteen money-takers. From them it was gathered by four money-porters, who carried it to as many collectors charged with the task of counting it. From them it went to two tellers,

who verified the sum and handed it to the custody of the chief financial officer. Each day's amount was kept in safes in the building till next morning, when it was taken in boxes of 600l. each in a cab to the Bank of England by a bank clerk and porter. On eight of the principal railways the receipts for the twentyfour weeks of the Exhibition was 2,952,8027. against 2,201,6477. for the corresponding period of 1850. On four of them the number of passengers was 11,505,544, compared with 8,671,300 in the preceding year.

14. The Ottoman Porte interfering to prevent the construction of the Egyptian Railway, a meeting of merchants and others interested was held at the London Tavern, for the purpose of considering and adopting such means as might be thought most advisable, to avert the danger now threatening important British interests connected with our colonies and possessions in the East. Resolutions were adopted, requesting the prompt and active interference of the Government, and expressive of sympathy with the Viceroy of Egypt.

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15.- Meeting of the leading members of the Boards of Guardians for the province of Munster held at Limerick, to oppose repayment of the famine advances. A letter was read from Lord John Russell, mentioning that any statement showing the heavy pressure of the poor-rate, and the difficulty of supporting the poor, will be attentively considered by the Government; but no Government can give any countenance to the doctrine of repudiation which has been so unfortunately broached in some parts of Ireland." Resolutions were adopted, disclaiming the wish to evade any payment which justice and sound policy might sanction, but earnestly impressing on the Government the strong conviction of the meeting "that the payment of the advances should be for the present suspended; that the calculation erroneously made of the liabilities of each district should be corrected; and that an intention of reconsidering the whole question should be at once announced."

23. The Hungarian leader, Kossuth, arrives at Southampton, from Turkey. He received a warm welcome-particularly from the Hungarian refugees-and was presented with an address by the Corporation in the Town Hall. On the 25th the Mayor entertained M. Kossuth at his residence near Winchester.

24.-Burglary at Great Raveley, Hunting

don. The occupant, Mr. Fairley, was awoke during the night by a crash against his back door. Arming himself with a revolving pistol, he went to the top of the stairs, and saw by a light below the face of a man at the foot. The man then blew out the light and retreated, when Mr. Fairley discovered another person in the kitchen, at whom he fired, this shot being returned. He then saw other men, some of them with masks, and fired again, when several shots were given in return. They afterwards set fire to the parlour. Mr. Fairley becoming overpowered by the smoke and wounds he had received, and the burglars threatening to shoot his wife who came to his assistance, was compelled to submit. After this they ransacked the house, and made off with a quantity of valuables, having previously regaled themselves with what meat and drink they could find. At the Huntingdon Assizes, on the 10th of March following, three of the gang were sentenced to transportation for life.

26.-An equestrian statue of William of Normandy erected at Falaise, his native town. M. Guizot addressed the company on the merits of "The Conqueror."

27. The Royal Commission for inquiring into the alleged corrupt transactions at the St. Albans' election commences its sittings at that place.

In

Illegal and absurd behaviour of Mr. Ramshay, a judge in the Liverpool Countycourt. Mr. Whitty, of the Journal, having made severe comments on his conduct as a judge, Mr. Ramshay took occasion to say in the course of a case before him, "The witnesses, like many persons in this part of the country, appear not to have the slightest regard for the solemnity of an oath, and to be equally destitute of the feelings of humanity.' the report of the Journal, this was described as "Mr. Ramshay's opinion of the people of Liverpool." The judge thereupon resolved to proceed against Mr. Whitty for contempt, and despatched his officers to make immediate apprehension. Mr. Whitty refused to stir unless a proper warrant was exhibited, and on a second attempt being made, gave the two officers into custody. Attending under a summons on the Monday following, Mr. Ramshay fined his enemy in the sum of 57, with the alternative of seven days' imprisonment in Lancaster Castle. "It was me," he said, "who gave the order to bring him, and by the word bring,' I meant force to be used, if necessary. Even if it required ten thousand men, I would get him. I care for no man living who opposes me." The audience in court here burst into laughter, the judge continuing, "If you bailiffs don't take one of these men, I will fine you. Bring him before me this instant, or I will fine you." Two of the parties in court were dragged forward and fined 57. Addressing himself to Whitty, the

judge said, "I tell you, sir, that you look like a man in whose eyes and in whose face the worst passions and the worst feelings of our human nature are delineated." Mr. Whitty preferring incarceration to payment, took his departure for Lancaster, amidst an immense and sympathising gathering of his townsmen. The fines in each case were ultimately paid by friends, and a hearty welcome given to the prisoners on their return to Liverpool. The Earl of Carlisle, as Chancellor of the Duchy, instituted an inquiry into the conduct of Mr. Ramshay, and at the close pronounced a judgment removing him from his judicial office.

29. In consequence of the unsatisfactory state of our relations with Ava, a British force is despatched to Rangoon, and Commodore Lambert instructed to allow the Viceroy thirtyfive days to obtain instructions.

Ignatius Francis Coyle tried at the Central Criminal Court for forging and uttering a promissory note for 1,150/. The note purported to be signed by Viscount Cliefden, and was given to Captain Alexander McGeachey Alleyne. Coyle was a bill-discounter and keeper of a betting-house near Leicester-square. Captain Alleyne had betted with him, gone shares in bets, and also lent him money. As a security for the money lent, Coyle gave Alleyne the note in question; he subsequently admitted it was forged, and imploring Alleyne to forgive him, obtained a qualified pardon. The Captain, therefore, refrained for a time from prosecuting the forger. The chief effort made in defence of the prisoner was an attempt to damage the character of Captain Alleyne, and his brother, in cross-examination. The jury found the prisoner guilty of uttering the note knowing it to be forged, and he was sentenced to twelve months' imprisonment in Newgate.

Died, at Brighton, in his 57th year, William Wyon, the most celebrated of modern medallists and die-sinkers.

30.-Ingle Rudge, a London stockbroker, commits suicide in Mr. Routh's countinghouse, by swallowing prussic-acid, while under temporary derangement, from inability to meet the claims made upon him on settling-day. The members of the Stock Exchange subscribed 1,000l. for his widow and children.

The Corporation of London present an address to Kossuth, who was received by immense crowds on his route from Eaton

square to Guildhall. In his reply, he said:"What I wish, is that the public opinion of England may establish it as a ruling principle of the politics of Europe to acknowledge the right of every nation to dispose of its own internal concerns, and not to give a charter to the Czar to dispose of the fate of nations." Next day he was presented with an address from " 'Republicans, Revolutionists, and Socialists, men, consequently,

not attracted towards you by either the éclat of your title, or the renown of your name.' On the 3d of the following month, a great metropolitan demonstration was made in his favour at Copenhagen-fields. It was estimated that about 25,000 people were present on the occasion. Addresses from almost every town of note in the kingdom were forwarded up to the 20th of November, when the popular exile sailed for the United States.

November 4.-Prince Louis Napoleon, in his Message to the Assembly, says: "A vast demagogical conspiracy is now organizing in France and Europe. Secret societies are endeavouring to extend their ramifications even into the smallest communes. All the madness

and violence of party is brought forth. While those men are not even agreed on persons or things, they are agreed to meet in 1852, not to construct, but to overthrow. Your patriotism and your courage, with which I shall endeavour to keep pace, will, I am sure, save France from the danger with which she is threatened." With reference to the proposed change in the Electoral Law by restoring universal suffrage, he says: "You will have presented to you the draft of a law which restores that principle in all its fulness, retaining at the same time in. the Law of the 31st May everything which winnows universal suffrage from impure elements." On the 13th, a Ministerial bill founded on this proposal was thrown out by a majority of 355 to 348.

5.-Explosion on board a steam-tug, at Conham Ferry, near Bristol Bridge. The deck was blown out and hurled into the air, while the hull, shattered and torn asunder, sank to the bottom of the stream. There were four men on board at the time, three of whom were blown to pieces and the fourth much injured.

9.-When receiving the officers of the regiments newly arrived in Paris, the President of the Republic said: "If ever the day of danger shall arrive, I will not do as the Government which has preceded me did. I will not say to you, March and I will follow you;' but I will say to you, 'I march, follow me.""

10. The new West India mail- steamer Demerara grounded in the Avon, while being towed from the building-yard at Bristol.

13. A new wire having been successfully laid across the Channel, telegraphic communication is renewed between France and England. The Stock Exchange markets were known in each of the capitals within business hours.

18. Died, in his 81st year, Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover and Duke of Cumberland, fifth son of George III.

A deputation waits upon Lord Palmerston to present addresses from the inhabitants of Finsbury and Islington, congratulating his lordship on the aid he rendered the Sultan of Turkey in effecting the liberation of Kossuth. In reply his lordship said, he was fully aware of the sympathies of the British nation in

favour of the cause of Hungary; but, of course, as the organ of her Majesty's Government, in friendly alliance with the great foreign powers which had been referred to, it could not be expected that he should concur in some of the expressions used in the addresses. The moral power of the British Government was immense, more than people generally imagined; but it could be only effective so long as the people and the Government wrought together.

20. Panic in Ward School, New York, occasioned by a false alarm of fire in the building. The children rushed with such force from the upper floors, that the balustrades of the stairs were thrown down, and about fifty pupils killed.

Judgment given in the Court of Queen's Bench, in the action of libel raised at the instance of William Henry Clarkson, a Wesleyan superintendent minister, against John Kay, publisher of the Wesleyan Times, who had permitted to appear in his paper a series of articles insinuating that the plaintiff was the father of a bastard child, the mother being Charlotte Irons, a domestic formerly in Clarkson's household. The defendant was sentenced to be imprisoned in the Queen's Bench Prison for four months.

When

23. The distribution of the medals awarded by the London Exhibition gives rise to a threatening disturbance in Paris. 3,000 tickets were issued for a room in the Louvre, which could accommodate only 1,200. the doors opened the rush was tremendous, and the Prince President could, with difficulty, reach the platform. A sort of order having been obtained, the Prince proposed an adjournment to a larger gallery, but this was found impracticable owing to the confusion in the crowd.

The tumult was still increasing when he again stepped to the front of the platform and said: "Gentlemen, I am most desirous of seeing you around me, and as near as possible on this interesting occasion. As, however, this cannot be the case, I beg to propose an adjournment of the proceedings to another day. The crowd then began to disperse, and the President departed to the Tuileries.

A designing political article appears in the Paris Constitutionnel, a paper devoted to the policy of the Prince President, accusing the majority of the Legislative Assembly of conspiring against the head of the Government with the view of making General Changarnier military dictator.

26. Died, at his chateau of Soult-Berg, aged 82, Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult, Duke of Dalmatia, and Marshal-General of France.

Died, at Graefenberg, aged 52, Herr Priessnitz, founder of hydropathy.

December 1.-The St. Albans' Bribery Commission close their sittings.

2.-Louis Napoleon abolishes the Constitution of the Republic. After a reception of

unusual brilliancy at the Elysée, the President retired to his cabinet with a band of close friends, among whom were De Morny, St. Arnaud, Maupas, and a few others of less note. Under the instructions of Major Fleury, a battalion of gendarmerie was quietly moved to the neighbourhood of the Elysée, and surrounded the doors of the State printing-office. “From that moment," writes Mr. Kinglake, "until their work was done, the printers were all close captives, for no one of them was suffered to go out. For some time they were kept waiting. At length Colonel Béville came from the Elysée with his packet of manuscripts. These papers were the proclamations required for the early morning; and M. St.-Georges, the director, gave orders to put them into type. It is said there was something like resistance; but in the end, if not at first, the printers obeyed. Each compositor stood while he worked between two policemen, and the manuscript being cut into many pieces, no one could make out the sense of what he was printing."

One of them when put together was an address to the people. "Persuaded," said the President, "that the instability of the Government and the preponderance of a single Assembly are permanent causes of trouble and disorder, I submit to your suffrages the following fundamental basis of a Constitution, which Assemblies will afterwards develop :-(1) A responsible head, named for ten years; (2) Ministers dependent on the Executive Power alone; (3) a Council of State formed of the most eminent men, preparing the laws, and supporting the discussion of them before the Legislative body; (4) a Legislative body, discussing and voting laws, named by universal suffrage, without scrutin de liste, which falsifies the election; (5) a second Assembly formed of all the illustrious of the country, a preponderating power guardian of the fundamental compact and of public liberties. The system created by the First Consul at the commencement of the century has already given to France repose and prosperity, and it would again guarantee them to it, such is my profound conviction. If you share in it, declare it by your suffrages. If, on the contrary, you prefer a Government with strength, monarchical or republican, borrowed from I know not what past or from some chimerical future, reply negatively. Thus, then, for the first time since 1804, you will vote with a knowledge of what you are doing, in knowing well for whom and for what. If I do not obtain the majority of your suffrages, I will then call for the meeting of a new Assembly, and I will give up the charge which I have received

from you. But if you believe that the cause of which my name is the symbol--that is to say, France regenerated by the Revolution of '89, and organized by the Emperor is still your own, proclaim it by consecrating the powers which I ask from you. Then France and Europe will be preserved from anarchy, obstacles will be removed, rivalries will have

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disappeared, for in the decision of the people all will respect the decree of Providence." Another proclamation was to the following effect:-' :-"In the name of the French people, the President of the Republic decrees:-Art. I. The National Assembly is dissolved. Universal suffrage is re-established. 3. The French people is convoked in its elective colleges from the 14th of December to the 21st of December following. 4. The state of siege is decreed throughout the first military division. 5. The Council of State is dissolved. The Minister of the Interior is charged with the execution of the present decree. (Signed) LOUIS NAPOLEON BONAPARTE. DE MORNY, the Minister of the Interior, Palace of the Elysée, Dec. 2." A third proclamation was addressed to the army. Vote," the President wrote, 66 freely as citizens, but do not forget that passive obedience to the orders of the Chief of the Government is the rigorous duty of the army, from the general down to the soldier. It is for me, who am responsible for my actions before the people and posterity, to adopt the measures most conducive to the public welfare." Early on the morning of the 3d, when the proclamations had been put up on the walls, the city was well occupied by troops, and the most distinguished generals and members of the Assembly to whom the friends of law and order might have turned for help, were found to be in prison. The Deputies, availing themselves of a side entrance to the hall of Assembly, attempted to carry on such business as the outrage rendered necessary; but the military handled the body roughly, and the unfortunate members were compelled to retreat to the Mairie of the tenth arrondissement. Here they voted the act of the President high treason, and enjoined the High Court of Justice to proceed immediately to judgment. The decree had hardly been signed, when the military again broke in upon them, and after some little parleying, marched the whole body off to the barracks on the Quai d'Orsay. The judges met at the Palace of Justice, with the view of carrying out the decree of the Assembly, but suddenly broke up without coming to any decision. Some of the members of the Assembly still at large strove to raise the people in the Faubourg St. Antoine, and a barricade on a small scale was erected at the corner of the Rue St. Marguerite. Against this there marched a battalion of the 19th Regiment; "and then," writes Mr. Kinglake, "there occurred a scene which may make one smile for a moment, and may then almost force one to admire the touching pedantry of brave men, who imagined that, without policy or warlike means, they could be strong with the bare strength of the law. Laying aside their fire-arms, and throwing across their shoulders scarves which marked them as representatives of the people, the Deputies ranged themselves in front of the barricade; and one of them, Charles Baudin, held ready in his hand the book of the Consti