before her), exposed to the musket-balls of the infuriated mob. From the calmness of her face it might have been thought that she alone was in no danger. Leaning over to the bench below her, she gently placed her hand on the shoulder of a deputy, and said, in a voice which betrayed no emotion, "What do you advise me to do?" "Madam, the deputies are no longer here; you must go to the President's house to collect the Chamber." "But how can I get there?" she replied, still without moving from her place, or betraying any alarm at the muskets which glittered above head. "Follow me," said M. Jules de Lasteyrie. Descending from bench to bench, he conducted her to the left corner of the Chamber, where there was an exit reserved for the deputies, and leading into a dimly-lighted corridor; the folding-doors opened only from within one was shut; the other, which was open, separated the Chamber from this corridor. M. de Lasteyrie made his way to it by pushing aside the crowd, and perceiving a company of National Guards outside the door, he called to them to form lines to protect the Duchess of Orleans, who was following him, which they immediately did. In the conference the Duchess was for a short time separated from her sons, but they were carefully protected and restored to her. She left Paris that evening, taking refuge first at the Château de Bligny, and then in Prussian territory.

24. After an exciting discussion at the Hôtel de Ville, in the presence of a tumultuous assembly, a majority of the deputies there assembled resolve that the new form of Government to be proposed to the people shall be Republican. Late in the evening the Provisional Government issued their first proclamation :"A retrograde Government has been overturned by the heroism of the people of Paris. This Government has fled, leaving behind it traces of blood, which will for ever forbid its return. The blood of the people has flowed, as in July; but happily it has not been shed in vain. It has secured a national and popular Government, in accordance with the rights, the progress, and the will of this great and generous people. A Provisional Government, at the cal of the people and some deputies in the sittir. of the 24th of February, is for the moment invested with the care of organizing and securing the national victory. It is composed of MM. Dupont (de l'Eure), Lamartine, Crémieux, Arago, Ledru-Rollin, and GarnierPagès. The secretaries to this Government are MM. Armand Marrast, Louis Blanc, and Ferdinand Flocon. These citizens have not hesitated for an instant to accept the patriotic mission which has been imposed on them by the urgency of the occasion. Frenchmen, give to the world the example Paris has given to France. Prepare yourselves, by order and confidence in yourselves, for the institutions which are about to be given to you. The Provisional Government desires a Republic, pending the ratification of the French people, who

are to be immediately consulted: Neither the people of Paris nor the Provisional Government desire to substitute their opinions for those of the citizens at large, upon the definite form of Government which the national sovereignty shall proclaim. L'unité de la nation, formed henceforth of all classes of the people which compose it; the Government of the nation itself; Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity for its principles; the people to devise and to maintain order: such is the Democratic Government which France owes to herself, and which our efforts will assure to her. Such are

the first acts of the Provisional Government. (Signed) Dupont (de L'Eure), Lamartine, Ledru-Rollin, Bédeau, Michel Goudchaux, Arago, Bethmont, Marie, Carnot, Cavaignac, Garnier-Pagès. The Municipal Guard is disbanded. The protection of the city of Paris is confided to the National Guard, under the orders of M. Courtais."

25.-Addressing an excited assembly of ultra-Republicans, who demanded that the red flag should be substituted for the tricolor, at the Hôtel de Ville, M. Lamartine said :"Citizens, for my part, I will never adopt the red flag; and I will explain in a word why I will oppose it with all the strength of my patriotism. It is, citizens, because the tri colored flag has made the tour of the world under the Republic and the Empire, with our liberties and our glories, and that the red flag has only made the tour of the Champ de Mars, trailed through torrents of the blood of the people." The effect was described as electric. Loud cheering and clapping of hands followed the address, and the orator was nearly suffocated by the efforts of the multitude to embrace him.

Revolution in Paris. The Times surprised its readers with the following telegraphic announcement :-"No mail from Paris, the railway stations and barriers being in possession of the people. The rails taken up some distance from Paris to prevent troops from reaching the capital town from the provinces. The loss of life is frightful.-3 A. M. Messengers just returned from Neufchâtel. All communication cut off from Paris. The mail and passengers have returned. Amiens has revolted."

26.-The Republic officially proclaimed at the Hôtel de Ville. M. de Lamartine, attended by the other members of the Provisional Government, descended the steps of the great staircase, and thus addressed the vast assemblage :-"Citizens, the Provisional Government of the Republic has called upon the people to witness its gratitude for the magnificent national co-operation which has just accepted these new institutions. The Provisional Government of the Republic has only joyful intelligence to announce to the people here assembled. Royalty is abolished. The Republic is proclaimed. The people will exercise their political rights. National workshops are open for those who are without work.

The army is being reorganized. The National Guard indissolubly unites itself with the people, so as to promptly restore order with the same hand that had only the preceding moment conquered our liberty. Finally, citizens, the Provisional Government was anxious to be itself the bearer to you of the last decree it has resolved on and signed in this memorable sitting; that is, the abolition of the penalty of death for political matters. This is the noblest

decree, citizens, that has ever issued from the mouths of a people the day after their victory. It is the character of the French nation which escapes in one spontaneous cry from the soul of its Government. We have brought it with us, and I will now read it to you. There is not a more becoming homage to a people than the spectacle of its own magnanimity.'

27. Inauguration of the French Republic round the column of July.

28.-Lord John Russell announces that this country will not interfere in any way with the internal affairs of France.

29.-In compliance with a demand made by his subjects, the Grand Duke of Baden consents to liberty of the press, trial by jury, and establishment of a national guard.

March 1.- Lord Palmerston announces, in the House of Commons, that Great Britain had officially recognised the French Provisional Government. His Lordship afterwards spoke five hours in reply to Mr. Anstey's motion impeaching his foreign policy.

2. The Duchess of Orleans and her two children arrive at Ems, in Prussia.

The Grand Duke of Baden succumbs to the demands of his people, and dismisses his obnoxious Ministers.

A correspondent of the Standard, writing from Folkestone, says: - "Prince Louis Napoleon and General Houdetot arrived here by steamer this morning. The Prince told me that on his arrival in the French capital he placed himself in communication with the members of the Provisional Government, and offered his services should they be needed in the then existing crisis; and that he had been requested, in consequence of the disordered state of public affairs, to retire from France for a short time."

3. The Duke d'Aumale and the Prince de Joinville quit Algiers for Gibraltar.

Disturbance at Cologne, on the occasion of the people demanding a redress of grievances. The military were called out and the streets cleared with difficulty.

4. The French Provisional Government fix the convocation of the electoral assemblies for the 9th of April, and the meeting of the Constitutional Assembly for the 20th. The following principles were adopted:-L The National Assembly shall decree the Consti2. The election shall have population

tution.

for its basis. 3. The representatives of the people shall amount to 900 in number. 4. The suffrage shall be direct and universal, without any limitation as to property. 5. All Frenchmen of the age of 21 years shall be electors. 6. The ballot shall be secret.-The victims of the Revolution were interred to-day with great pomp in presence of members of the Provisional Government.

4.-The United Irishman, the Dublin organ of the Young Ireland party, instructs the people thus:-"Above all let the man amongst you who has no gun sell his garment to buy one. Every street is an excellent shooting gallery for disciplined troops; but it is a better defile in which to take them. In the vocabulary of drilling is no such phrase as 'Infantry prepare for window-pots, brickbats, logs of wood, chimney-pieces, heavy furniture, light pokers, &c.,' and these, thrown vertically on the heads of a column below from the elevation of a parapet or top storey, are irresistible. The propelling forces-viz. ladies, or chambermaids, or men who can do no better -have the additional advantage of security; and the narrower the street, and the higher the houses, the worse the damage and the greater the security.' To such missiles as broken glass, for maiming the horses' feet, "revolutionary citizens add always boiling water or grease, or, better, cold vitriol if available. Molten lead is good, but too valuable; it should be always cast in bullets and allowed to cool. The house-tops and spouts furnish in every city abundance; but care should be taken, as they do in Paris, to run the balls solid. You cannot calculate on a hollow ball, and that might be the very one selected to shoot a field-officer." In the same number, the following sentiments were expressed regarding John O'Connell's visit to Paris:— "Let no man in France dream for one instant that this dastard, this born slave and beggar, represents Ireland, or is in any manner authorized to offer Ireland's arm in war to any nation, least of all to England. In the name of our country, we disavow the scandalous negotiator. It was not in Ireland's name that two weeks ago he sent round amongst those Parisians a dead man's hat-a posthumous begging-box-to crave alms for his country. It is not in Ireland's name he now dares to blaspheme the sacrificial blood poured out for freedom and for right. Ireland spurns him, and will yet curse the very name he bears. He is not fit to untie the latchet of the meanest citizen-soldier in Paris."

of police was sent to break up and disperse the mob, but they met with the utmost resistance, and were ultimately compelled to retire to Scotland-yard. A body of 500 was thereafter sent out, which separated the mob into sections, and took the most mischievous of the leaders into custody. Shortly after six o'clock the police were withdrawn, but groups of noisy people continued to keep possession of the square; about eight o'clock it was found that their numbers were rapidly increasing and their conduct more threatening. The palisades around the Nelson column were taken down and several of the public lamps destroyed. The police were again brought out in great force, and some sharp skirmishing took place, but the mob were ultimately driven back at every point. About nine o'clock a youth in epaulettes, with a disorderly following of over 200, dashed through Pall Mall to St. James's Park; a good many windows, and also one of the large lamps at Buckingham Palace, were broken by this detachment. By midnight the city was in its usual state of order and quiet.

6.-Riot and loss of life in Glasgow, Under the pretence that they were starving and had been refused employment, a large mob collected on the Green early in the day, and afterwards passed through Argyll-street, Buchananstreet, and Jamaica-street, to the south side of the city, breaking into every shop where they thought arms or more valuable plunder could be secured. Watchmakers, jewellers, and goldsmiths were the chief sufferers, shops of that character being in some instances completely wrecked, and their precious contents swept off by the thieves. A few bakers' shops were also broken into, and in Buchananstreet a cart-load of meal was seized and divided among the rioters. The ordinary police force was quite unable to cope with the outbreak, and some delay unfortunately occurred before either infantry or cavalry could be brought to disperse the plundering mob. Emboldened by their success, and with the view of giving a political colour to their organized attack upon the peace and wealth of the city, the thieves attempted next day to stop certain mills at Bridgeton. After due warning they were here fired upon by a company of pensioners belonging to the city, and two or three of them killed. Baffled in their first design and excited with rage, the mob placed one of the bodies on a shutter and bore it through the streets, shouting "Murder" and "Vive la République." Detachments of the 3rd Royal Irish Dragoons, with the Ist Royals and 71st Regiments, were now brought into the town, and their presence alone caused the riotous gathering to melt away. The military bivouacked in the streets for the night, but their active interference was not necessary. Riots of a similar character, but on a smaller scale and unattended with loss of life, took place in Edinburgh, Liverpool, and some other towns

6.—The tubular bridge over the Conway Straits floated to its position between the abutments.

7.-Arrival at Portsmouth of large numbers of English workmen expelled from France.

8.-Commercial crisis at Paris. The Bank of France suspends cash payments, while Laffitte, Blount, and Co,, and Gouin and Co., close their doors.

The Elector of Hesse-Cassel concedes the reforms demanded by the people.

Second Exhibition of British Manufactures opened at Society of Arts, Adelphi.

10. Complaint having been made by the French Provisional Government of the extreme kindness and regard shown by Great Britain towards the ex-royal family, Lord Palmerston writes to-day that the attention shown to the King and his Ministers was " mere hospitality."

11. The French Provisional Government decree the sale of the Crown lands and jewels.

Confirmation of Dr. R. Bird Sumner as Archbishop of Canterbury, in Bow Church.

12. A colossal bust of Liberty carried by sculptors through Paris, and blessed by a priest.

13. Mr. Hume's amendment on the Government proposal limiting the income-tax to one year lost by a majority of 225.

Monster meeting at Berlin to petition the King that the reform granted to other countries might be conceded to Prussia. The assembly was of a highly tumultuous character, and before it was dissolved several people were shot down by the soldiers.

M. Ledru-Rollin, Minister of the Interior in the New Provisional Government, issues a circular to the Local Commissioners showing them how to control the ensuing elec tions. 'Cause," he writes, "in all points of your department the meeting of electoral committees, examine closely the qualification of the candidates, and stop only at those who appear to present the strongest guarantee of republican opinion and the greatest chance of success. No compromises; no complaisance. Let the day of election be the triumph of the Revolution." The circular was so unconstitutional in character that it was at once repudiated by his colleagues.

Disturbance in Vienna, and resignation of Prince Metternich. The fighting continued over part of the day and night. Next morning the Emperor issued a decree abolishing the censorship of the press and establishing a national guard.

14. The Chinese junk Keying arrives at Jersey from Boston in twenty-one days.

The Pope issues a proclamation announcing the grant of a new Constitution, giving his people, among other benefits, a representative system, not merely consultative, but deliberative.

16.-Rupture of diplomatic relations with

Spain. Lord Palmerston to Sir Henry Lytton Bulwer, British Minister at Madrid :-"I have to recommend you to advise the Spanish Government to adopt a legal and constitutional system. The recent downfall of the King of the French and of his family, and the expulsion of his Ministers, ought to indicate to the Spanish Court and Government the danger to which they expose themselves in endeavouring to govern a country in a manner opposed to the sentiments and opinions of the nation; and the catastrophe which has just occurred in France is sufficient to show that even a numerous and well-disciplined army offers only an insufficient defence of the Crown, when the system followed by it is not in harmony with the general system of the country. The Queen of Spain would act wisely in the present critical state of affairs, if she were to strengthen her Executive Government by widening the basis on which the Administration reposes, and in calling to her councils some of the men in whom the Liberal party place confidence. Sir Henry not only communicated the terms of this despatch to Queen Christina and the Duc de Sotomayor, but caused publication of it to be made in some of the Opposition journals.

The head of the Ministry promptly replied:-"The Cabinet cannot see without the most extreme surprise the extraordinary pretensions of Lord Palmerston to interfere with the internal affairs of Spain, and to support himself on inexact and equivocal data, the qualification and appreciation of which cannot in any case come within his province.

Animated by sentiments suitable to Spanish dignity and to every government which respects itself, the Cabinet of her Catholic Majesty cannot avoid protesting in the most energetic manner against the despatches of Lord Palmerston and of your Excellency; and considering that it cannot retain them without being wanting in dignity, it returns them inclosed, and at the same time declares that if your Excellency should, at any other time, in your official communications on points of international rights, go beyond the bounds of your mission, and interfere in the particular and private affairs of the Spanish Government, I shall consider myself under the painful necessity of returning your despatches without further remark." The result of this correspondence was, that on the 19th the British Minister received his passports with a peremp tory order to quit the kingdom in forty-eight hours, or sooner if possible, "for circumstances are urgent, and there would be much to lament if this took place too late."

17. The proposed extension of the incometax to Ireland negatived in the House of Commons by 218 votes to 138.

Great demonstration of labourers in Paris; the troops ordered to quit the capital. Discontent general throughout the provinces.

In Milan the people rise against the Austrian troops, and succeed in overpowering

The

the guard of the Government House. fighting continued with little interval for nearly a week, when Marshal Radetzky retired from the city, and a Provisional Government was proclaimed. During the struggle small balloons were sent up from the battlements filled with proclamations designed to raise the people of the neighbourhood against the Austrians. They were also advised to destroy the bridges on the roads to Verona and Mantua, to prevent the arrival of reinforcements of artillery, which it was probable Marshal Radetzky would demand.

18. Bloody struggle at Berlin between the populace and military, on the occasion of assembling in the square before the Palace to hear the King's decree conceding the liberties asked for on the 13th. Above 100 were killed. The fighting had scarcely ceased when the King issued a proclamation stating that his "faithful soldiers had only cleared the court-yard at a walking pace, with their weapons sheathed, and that the guns had gone off of themselves, without, thanks be to God, causing any injury."

This morning, at eight o'clock, the Queen was safely delivered of a Princess (Louise).

20.-Arming and equipment of the Garde Mobile in Paris; General Cavaignac appointed Minister of War.

Revolution at Modena; the Duke deposed and imprisoned.

Mr. Hume's amendment for the reduction of the navy rejected in the House of Commons by a majority of 109.

21.-The King of Bavaria, unable to bear up any longer against the indignation caused by the elevation of Lola Montez into a Countess, abdicates in favour of his son Maximilian.

King Frederick William issues a proclamation annihilating the kingdom of Prussia, and declaring his intention of once more uniting Germany and taking it under his guidance in these moments of peril and anarchy. The proclamation was received with enthusiasm, and on the following day the King rode through Berlin, wearing the German national colours, escorted by half the population cheering him to the skies-the blood of his slain subjects hardly dried in the streets, and their bodies lying in state in all the churches. His Majesty made a declaration that he did not intend to dethrone any one German Prince, that he did not wish for the Imperial Crown, and only wanted liberty, union, and good order in Germany.

22. The Emperor of Austria consented to be proclaimed "King of Poland," and promised to grant a free Constitution.

recently placed his army on a war footing, orders to-day 150,000 soldiers to the frontiers

of Poland.

23. To satisfy the demands of his excited people, the Emperor of Austria causes 150 state prisoners to be released from the fortress of Spielberg.

Charles-Albert, King of Sardinia, announces his determination to take part in the Italian struggle:-"For the purpose of more fully showing by exterior signs the sentiments of Italian unity, we wish that our troops should enter the territory of Lombardy and Venice, bearing the arms of Savoy above the Italian tri-colored flag."

24.-Insurrection at Kiel, and formation of a Provisional Government to accomplish the severance of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein from Denmark.

A

Forgery of documents purporting to be "The Inedited Works of Lord Byron." person describing himself as George Gordon Byron, son of the poet, having caused intimation to be made of the intended publication of a work containing Lord Byron's Letters, Journals, and other MSS., the solicitors of Lady Leigh, the poet's sister, to whom reference was made, write:-"We have authority to say and have evidence to prove that Lord Byron's family never heard of his Lordship's having any such son; that the editor is much better known by that excellent institution called 'The Society of Guardians for Protection of Trade' than by the family; that he never had any access whatever to any MS. in the possession of the poet's sister, and that no documents have been confided to him by any of the family."

25.-Holstein, incited by Prussia, declares itself independent of Denmark.

The United Irishman publishes a letter from John Mitchell to "The Right Honour able the Earl of Clarendon, her Majesty's Executioner-General and General Butcher of Ireland." The epistle concludes:-"I cannot help repeating my congratulations to you on the fact that the Irish nation and the British Government are now finally at issue. Whichever field of battle you prefer, the Queen's Bench or the streets and fields-whichever weapon, picked juries or whetted sabres-I trust, I believe, you will now be stoutly met. One party or the other must absolutely yield; you must put us down, or we will put you down. I remain, my Lord, your Lordship's mortal enemy," &c. &c. At a meeting of the Irish Confederation in the Music Hall, Dublin, Mitchell said he was sick with talking and writing. The time had come for something more effectual. He conjured them for the love of God to get guns. A decent rifle could be bought for 37.; but still, as many present could not afford to give that for a weapon, there was a simpler mode of obtaining a very effectual Let each man get a stout ash-pole of seven feet in length, and let that be properly

one.

mounted. He was accused by the English Viceroy of writing sedition. He must tell them it was he who wrote the article called seditious, and he would write more sedition; nay, he would go further: it was his intention to commit high treason. He meant to call upon every one of those present to commit high treason; and unless they made up their minds to be slaves for ever, they must rise at an early day or early night, march through that Castle, and tear down that English flag. The other speeches were of an equally inflammatory description.

26.-The Provisional Government of Venice writes to the Milanese :--" We are united to you, Lombards, not only by the tie of affection, but also by a community of misfortunes and hopes. When the hallowed soil of the country shall have ceased to be sullied by the foot of the foreign oppressor, we shall join you in discussing the form of Government most conducive to our common glory.'

The Emperor of Russia issues a manifesto to his subjects, warning them to beware of revolutionary agents on the German frontier.

27. Came on for hearing at Exeter Assizes the case of the Queen v. Latimer, involving the question of a libel upon the Bishop of Exeter. The defendant, the proprietor of the Western Times newspaper, in commenting upon a dispute between the Bishop and the Duke of Somerset, described the former as a brawler and a consecrated and careless perverter of truth. He pleaded first that he was not guilty, and second, justification. The jury found for the Crown upon the first issue, and for the defendant on the second. The verdict was received with shouts of applause, and in the evening great rejoicings took place in the city.

29.-The Paris mob attack the office of La Presse, but are repulsed by the energy of the editor, M. de Girardin.

30.-The whole country from the Po to the Alps of Tyrol in arms against Austria.

31.-Two trading vessels in the British Channel having hoisted the Irish national flag were chased by a Government tender till the rebellious emblem was lowered.