contradiation to M. Haller, that the dura & pia mater, the membranes, ligaments, and tendons are all fenfible, and that the subfance of the brain is infenfible. The hofpital, to which our author is principal furgeon, hath afforded him opportunities of Reflections on the means of rendering the good French translations of ancient authors compleat and perfect. Devices, infcriptions, and medals, by the academy. The memoirs amount to near fifty. The making many of thofe experiments on hu. A moft confiderable are four tracts by the man bodies, which M. Halier could only make on brute animals; fo that what is advanced by our experienced anatomist on this head, appears to be well worthy the attention of those, who wish to be acquainted with this curious subject. 4. The hiftory of the Royal Academy of B Infcriptions and Belles Lettres; with the literary memoirs extracted from the regifters of that Academy, from the year 1758 to 1760 inclufive. Vols. 29 and 30. 410. Paris, 1764. The King of Denmark being about to difpatch a literary embally to Arabia Felix, C Abyffinia, and parts adjacent, the hiftory of this celebrated academy, for the interval above-mentioned, contains little more than a memoir addreffed to the Literati, who were engaged in that uníuccessful expedition. In the hiftory of the works presented to the academy, we have an account of the D following articles : A differtation on the fabulous origin of nations. Of the difagreement in feveral traditions about Helen and the fiege of Troy. A critical enquiry concerning the margites of Homer, and how tar it might ferve as the original model of comedy. Reflections on the tragedy of Eschylus, entitled, the Perfes. Remarks and obfervations, on certain ftories, which Herodotus hath related on the credit of the Egyptian priests, and particularly of the four rifings of the fun mentioned by that writer. A differtation on the ruins of Persepolis, intended to prove that the ancient Perfe polis is the modern Chelminar, and that the prefent ruins are not those of the palace of the Perfian kings deftroyed by Alexander. A differtation on the tablet of Cebes, the cave of Corycium, and the pictures of Philoftrates. On a method of staining marble fo as to incorporate the colours with the stone. The life of the philofopher Poffidenius. Obfervation on the portrait, which Salluft hath drawn of Sempronia. On the life and writings of Publius Nigidius Figulus. On the mittakes of profane writers, with refpect to the hiftory of the Jews. Obfervations on a certain ancient chro. nicle of the church of Uzes in Languedoc. On the means of tranfmitting to pofle. rity the exact knowledge of our prefent weights and measures. E Abbe Foucher, on the religion of the ancient Perfians, and the doctrines of the followers of Zoroafter; on the fyftem of Zoroafter concerning the origin of evil, and on the fyftems of Pythagoras, Plato, and the Gnof Two memoirs on the doctrines of the ancients, concerning the actuating princi ple of the univerfe. By the Abbe Batteux. In the first of thefe memoirs is given a French tranflation of the book of Ocellus Leuanus, written originally in Greek, on the first principles and caufes of things. This writer lived about 500 years before Chrift. The doctrine contained in his work is the fame as that of the fchool of Pythagoras, which fuppofes the univerfe to be eternal; which furnithes the heavens with gods, the air with demons, and admits of the diftinction of the four elements, and their reciprocal generations. 5. An essay on crimes and punishments. In the first fection the author enquires into the origin of pains and penalties; proceeding to confider the other divifions of his fubject in the following order. On the right of inflicting punishments-On the confequences of that right-On the interpretation of the laws-On the obscurity of the laws-On the proportion between the crime and the punishment-On the meafure of punishments in general-On the diAtinction neceffary to be made between crimes in general.-On the point of honour. On duelling.-On the public tranquility and breaches of the peace.-On the end and defign of legal punishments-On the evidence neceffary to convict offenders -On fecret informations-On the torture -On the teftimony of oaths-On the neceflity of expediting juftice-On assaults-On thefts-On detraction-On idleness -On banishment and confifcation-On the vanity of birth and spirit of familiesOn the moderation of punishments-On capital punishments-On arrefts-On proG fecutions and profcriptions-On the `evidence of crimes difficult to be proved.-On fuicide-On fmuggling-On debt-On places of asylum. F 6. Memoirs for the life of Petrarch, extracted from his works, and the writings of contemporary authors. To which are an Hnexed, notes, differtations, and other authentic pieces. 2 Vols. 4to. Amfterdam. 1764. The writer of thefe memoirs endeavours among other things, to prove, that the celebrated Laura, of whom Petrarch was fo greatly ! 2 greatly enamoured, and in whose praise he wrote moft of his beautiful fonnets, was not an imaginary mistress, but a real woman, the wife of a gentleman of fome eminence in the city of Avignon, where she was born, lived, and died. The author attempts to ascertain many peculiar circumftances relative to this lady; entering minutely into her character, manner of life, and connections. This being a difputable point, and of fome confequence towards giving us a true idea of Petrarch, and an elucidation of his writings, the difcuffion of it make a prinbipal article of the work. 7. The Philofophical Difcourfes of Maximus of Tyre. Tranflated from the Greek, by M. Formey. Leyden. Maximus of Tyre, commonly ftyled Maximus Tyrius, was a celebrated Platonic philofopher, in the times of Antoninus Pius, and of Commodus; but the particular date of his birth or of his death is not known. Eufebius hath confounded him with Claudius Maximus the ftoic, preceptor to Marcus Antoninus; and others have mistaken him for Maximus the preceptor of Julian, who did not live till near 200 years after him. As to his Difcourses, we are told that Janus Lafcaris was the first who brought them to Lawrence de Medicis. From this manufcript Cofmo Pascius, archbishop of Florence, translated them into Latin. Henry Stephens gave an edition of them in the original Greek in the year 1557. And Daniel Heinfius another in 1614, adding a Latin version of his own, with notes. But the laft and finest edition of thefe difcourfes, was made in London about the year 1740. This edition is in quarto; the text being corrected by Mr John Davies, and critical annotations annexed at the end of the volume, by Mr Markland. One of the difcourfes is entitled, God being the author of good, whence cometh evil. This difcourfe contains arguments to prove that all is for the beft: The evils, fays this philofopher, to which human life is continually exposed, are neceffary circumftances immediately dependant on, and interwoven with, the conftitution of the universe. What we call mifery and corruption, and is to us the fource of affliction, contributes, in the eye' of the great fabricator of the world to the good and fecurity of the whole. It is this which is the object of his attention; and hence it is, that, for the prefervation of the whole, he fuffers the parts to be destroyed." REMARKABLE EVENTS. Snow packet-boat from la Vera Cruz, A brings a remarkable article of news that a large body of native Mexicans, joined with fome Creole Spaniards, have revolted from the Spanish government, and made themselves mafters of Merida, the capital of Mexico, from whence they had driven the governor, and pursued him to La Vera Cruz, to which they had likewife laid fiege. Good policy would incliné us to favour this revolt, as an open trade with Mexico would enrich this kingdom abundantly; but good faith forbids it. Capt. Tinker, in his Majefly's fhip Medway, has lately brought from the Eaft Indies, a little Mare only two feet four inches high. This little prodigy is four years old, and as neatly made as a deer, and perhaps is the greatest curiofity of its kind in the universe. He was landed at Port, mouth, and bought to the governor's houfe in a gen leman's lap, in a poft-chaife, and hewn to his K. H. the Duke of Gloucefter, who happened to be there at the time, on his tour through England. By the late inundation in Italy fee p. 346.) the whole province of Chieti, in the Kingdom of Naples, was laid under water, and what is moft aftonishing, during this ternitying calamity, the fummit of the montain of Montepiano funk upon the miferabie inhabitan's, who had fled from the valleys for ‘afety, and became level with the common ground, By (Gent, Mag. AuG, 1765.) this aftonishing event the Convent of Francifcans was involved in ruin, and the religious had no time to fave themselves; fome were caught faft in the earth up to the waift; others to the neck; not a few were quite buried alive; and many crushed to pieces in the common destruction. The bells rolling down with the ruins, rang a doleful peal; and no words can exprefs the terror of this awful fcene, which has fpread horror thro' the whole country. The Houfe of burgefles of Virginia, agreeable to the charters, have come to the following refolution, in confequence of the late taxation of the colonies: That any person who fall, by Speaking or writing, maintain, that any person or perfons, oiber than the general aflembly of that co ony, baze any right or pow er to impele any taxation zubatever on the penple there, fhall be deemed enemies to that, bis Majefty's colony. France near the village of Burgran, a fif of a monttrous fize, and form, has lately bea taken, weighing 1200 weight; is head is oval and proportionably fmall; its eves round and large; its mouth filled with fharp cutting teeth; its tongue thick; has a bil like a parrot, the upper beak boxed by the lower; its neck is long and lax, its back like a boat's bottom upwards, fo hare that a hatchet cannot penetrate it; the skin black as if befmeared with tar; its belly spotted and and fealy, and its fins refemble wings, four teet long, eighteen inches broad, and fix thick; the tail, which is fhort and broad, terminates like that of a May-bug. Opening this animal, eggs as black as his fkin, and as large as an ofrich's, were found in its belly; fith undigested, and, what was wonderful, nuts of an extraordinary fize, with fome pieces of coral. A boat being lately overfet in croffing the Yben, not many miles north of Aberdeen, in which were three men and a boy, two of whom recovered the fhore without affiftance, the other two were faved by a large dog, who having brought the man to land, went into the water a fecond time, and brought out the boy. M. Nicholas Bacon, a native of Bruffels, but defcended from the noble Engih family of that name, has lately diftinguished himfelf in an exraordinary manner, in the colleges of Bruffels and Lorrain. This youth at the age of eight loft his fight, but applying himself to fludy, obtained the first prizes in the different claffes of literature through which he palled, not excepting that of poetry. At Louvain he applyed himself to the Rudy of the law, and on the 18th of July Jeft, in the prefence of a numerous audience, and of all the learned doctors of that univerfity, he delivered an oration with fuch unexampled firmneis, prefence of mind, and matterly elocution, as filled the hearers with pleafure and furprize. He is not yet nine teen ears of age. The water in a pond near Warnitz, in the King of Pruffia's dominions, has of late changed colour, and become as red as blood, which dies the cloth immersed in it fo as foap cannot wash out; and yet this colour is only predominant in the middle of the day, when the fun has the greateft power. Morin and evening it is faid to be clear. A curious intrument for measuring unfathomable depths at fea, has lately been invented by the matter of one of his majesty's fhips at Portmouth. It is on a different principle to that of the late Di Stephen Hales. (See Vol. xxv. p 215.) Count de Schulenburgh, grand huntíman to the Elect rate of Hanover, was lately hot by a. cident, by a lacy, in aiming at a wild boar. The lady is fince dead of grief. A quantity of exceeding fine red wood, the produce of Eaf Fiorida, is taid to have been fold at Charles Torun, in South Carolina, at 21 fh llings currency a cube foot. The difcovery of a funken ifland has lately been made in the meridian of Teneriff, a more exact account of which we thall commanicate, as foon as the fame is made public. Some violent fhocks of an earthquake were felt on the banks of the Ganges, on the 4th of June 1764, by which a great number of houses, and fume molques were overturned; and a great number of men, and cattle pe rished. A confiderable treasure has lately been difcovered in the island of Blanco, in the W Indies, faid to have been buried there by the famous pyrate Blackbeard, A B The Khan of the Tartars, has lately had an audience of the Grand Signior at Confuntinople. He was received with all the pomp of Eastern magnificence, and the Sultan cauf ed him to fit at the grand vifier's right hand, immediately under the royal throne. The Khan prefented the Grand Signior with 12 beautiful Tartar girls and in return, received fix Arabian horfes, richly caparifuned. The motive of his journey is not known. A falmon was lately prefented to Mr Pitt by a private inhabitant of Warebam in Dorfet fire, in the neighbourhood of which is the late refidence of Sir William Pyncent his great benefactor, with this remarkable note accompanying it, I am an Englishman, and therefore love liberty, and you; Sir, be pleafed to accept of this fish as a mark of my eflcem, were every feale a diamond, it should have been at your fervice An event lately happened, that does ho nour to the humanity of Lord William Campbeli, who being on a party of fishing at Henty Cupon Thames, was alarmed with the cry of boat! boat! by a voice at a diftance, and attending a little, difcovered a man, who pointed to a place where he faid a gentleman was drowning; his lordship haftened thither, and with a pole 20 feet long moved the body, but could not bring it up. On which he inftantly ftript off his coat only, there being ladies in the boat, and dived to the bottom, feized the, body, brought it from the trunk of an old tree, and fwam with it to shore. It prove ed to be the body of a fervant belonging to Lord Palmerfien, and being carried to a house, and properly treated by Lord William's directions, he foon recovered life, and the man is now perfectly recovered, D E F AMERICAN NEWS. Sir William Jebrjen, notwithstanding all this, ftill continues to negociate with the tribes on the more advanced countries; and his boufe is continually filled with the chiefs whofe demands are extreamly troublefome. The back-feulers nea: Fort Pitt, have an gain had a quarrel with the Indians, and fome lives have been loft. I fhould feem by the refolutions of the atiembly of South Carolina, that the English have been the aggreffors, for on the 19th of June laft, it was refolved, "That the killing the Cherokee Indians, is a flagrant violation of the treaties of the peace eftabbed and fubfifting between his majefty and the faid Indians, and of the laws of this country; and that the offenders ought to be profecured with the utmost severity.GA more particular account of this effair fhall be given in feme future Magazine. H In the mean time, a fiefa war is apprehended in the Northern provinces. A great many nations of Indians are faid to be affembling in the neighbourhood of Niagara, who are doubtless encouraged by the French, who have excited thefe favages to commit the mort inhuman cruelties on fix Englifhmen, who unfortupa ely fell into their hands, four of whom they burnt in their barbarous manner, at Cavellanan, the other two they referved for the like torture among the Mean. HA T when the fword of ftate was placed upon a TUESDAY. July 23. flone near Stains, and money to the amount HE Infanta of Spain espoused to the of five pounds in filver pence, diftributed to Arch-duke of Auftria; and the the boys who attended the proceffion, in orPrincess of Parma, efpoufed to the Prince Royal of Spain, reciprocally took their der to preferve in memory the extent of their A limits. departure from Geneva to their respective conforts; they were each faluted with 100 pieces of cannon at their departure. Each of the gentlemen deputed on the part of the government to attend them, received a diamond ring of between fix and feven thoufand livres value, and each of the ladies a flower compofed of diamonds. of nearly the fame value. The Infanta also presented Commo- B dore Harrison with her pictore in miniature, valued at 10,000 Roman crowns. FRIDAY 26. The affizes for Chelmsford, on the crown fide ended, when John Oram Thomas, commonly called Gallows Jack, for theft; Rich. Davies, for houfe-breaking; Thomas Mead, for horfe-ftealing; and Jofeph Pearfon, for C burglary, were capitally convicted; the two laft were reprieved. The fame day a number of people affembled at Weft Haddon in Northamptonshire, under pretence of foot-ball playing; but in an inflant formed themselves into a tumultuous mob, and pulled up the fences of a new inclofure there, and laid the whole field open. Several of the rioters have fince been D apprehended, and committed to prifon. The affizes for the county of York, ended, when John Pore! for fhop-lifting; Robert Jobafon, for horte-ftealing; and W'm Prince, fat curting cloth off the tenters, were capitally convicted. But all of them afterwards were reprieved. SATURDAY 27. A poor woman, on paffing over Holywell Mount, White-Chappel, in the evening, was fet upon by five ruffians, who knocked down an old man her guard, and all of them used her ill, in the like brutal manner, as the poor One of the vilgirl was ufed near Bath. lains has been fince apprehended. (Sep 244) A drummer to the Coldstream regiment of militia, whilft he was on duty in Torbill fieles, received an account of the death of an uncle, by which he became entitled to an effate of 500 l a year, and 10,000 in money, and inftantly fet out to take poff ffion. E F A mot fhocking murder was committed at a farm houfe near Hexham, in Northumberland, on Margaret Fenwick, upwards of 80 years G of age, by perfons unknown, who in the day time, while the reft of the family were at work in the fields adjoining, entered the houfe, fractured her. fcull, beat out one of her eyes, and robbed the houfe of 58 pounds, and fome filver. WEDNESDAY 31. The Count de Guercky, ambafador from France, took leave of his Majesty, and next morning early, fet out for Paris. The fame day, the Lord Mayor and aldermen of London with their ladies, went the western bounds of the City's jurifdiction, on the river Thames, according to annual cuftom, Thomas Carr, for fraudulently endeavouring to obtain a feaman's wages: Francis Attaway, for a highway robbery; and Barney Carrol, and William King, for a new species of villainy, were executed at Tyburn, (jee a particular account of their crime, p. 378 ) i his Carrol was a defperate fellow, and behaved boldly at the taking the Havannab, where he was a foldier; he was unconcerned for himfelf, but lamented the fate of King, who, he Laid, had no concern in the fact, for which he was to fuffer, and was firft led into rob bery the night it was committed. The affizes ended at Maidfone, for the county of Kent, when Thomas Rogers, Samuel keries; Simon Pingano, and Andrea PeneveMatthews, and John King, for highway rob nuto, for forging leamen's wills; Toemas Dorodney, and Thomas Pofletbraite, for horieftealing; and Jane Smith, for houfe-breaking were capitally convicted. The affizes ended at Stafford, when Wm Gill was capitally convicted, for returning from tranfportation. Shrewsbury affizes proved a maiden one. A feizure of upwards of 5000 wt. of tea, befides brandy, with the veffel in which they were laten, was made by the Royal Charlotte excife yacht, and carried into Leth harbour in Scotland. FRIDAY 2. A moft violent ftorm happened at Senderidge, in Kent, and its neighbourhood, which has damaged, at leaft, one third of the crops of corn and hops. The roads were filled in fome places with hail and ice 3 feet deep. SATURDAY, 3. A youth of about eighteen, was ftruck dead by lightening on Hampstead heath; his hat head, and a few blew fpots appeared on his was fcorched, his hair almoft burnt off his forehead. The form by which this accident happened, was fill more dreadful Northward. At Kennet, near Newmarket, and places adjacent, the thunder, lightn ng, bail, and rain, were more dreadful than ever was known in thofe parts, and had the moft awful appearance that can be conceived; upwards of 200 acres of corn were deftroyed, many windows broke, poultry killed, and variety of other damagee done, particularly to the fruit trees, &c. in the gardens, which were most of them ftripped. Many of the hail-ftones measured three inches and a half, and fome of them upwards of five inches Hround.At Bicefter the upper part of the tower of the church was firuck by the lightening, and fome of the pinnacles fhattered; a large piece of timber being foli, threw the gudgeons of the bells from their centres, broke the wheels, damaged the chimes, &c. and 392 The GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE, VOL. XXXV. and forced the partition above the gallery into the body of the church; and having greatly hook, and in divers places damaged the whole fabrick, fpent its torce upon the ground, in the church yard. The church was left full of fmoke, accompanied with a fuffocating fulphureous tench, and many places discoloured, where the progress of the lightening had met with refiftance. MONDAY 5. A Some thousands of rioters affembled in the neighbourhood of Saxmundham in Suffolk, and destroyed the Industry-houfe, in which the poor were employed. Their pretence was to release the poor to affift in the harvest-work; but the fact was to defeat a B late act of parliament, lately obtained for the relief of the poor of the hundreds of Wilford, and Loes, &c. In this riot, the military were called in, and feveral loft their lives before the rioters were difperfed, TUESDAY 6. A domeftic belonging to a perfon of diftinction near Richmond, had the infolence, in the absence of the greatest part of the family, to make an attempt on the honour of his miftrefs; but a penknife lying on the dreffing table before her, in the violence of her rage, the stabbed him in fo dangerous a manner that his life is defpaired of. WEDNESDAY 7. At C D crime, were capitally convicted, but reprieved One Carr, a waterman, having laid a wa ger, that he and his dog would both leap from the center arch of Welminfler-bridge, and other, he jumped off firft, and the dog ims land at Lambeth, within a minute of each mediately followed him; but not being in the fecret, and fearing his mafter should be drowned, laid hold of him by the neck and dragged him to fhore, to the no fmall diverfion of the fpectators. One gentleman offered 5 guineas for the dog, which the owner refused. Dublin, was broken open by the foldiers on This day, Newgate, the common goal of duty there, the prifoners fet at liberty, and a general goal delivery proclaimed. This extraordinary proceeding has alarmed the whole city, and was owing, it is faid, to the imprifonment of a foldier who had the misfor tune to kill a man in a late engagement beThis morning Mr Smith, one of the clerks tween the liberty boys and their antagonists. of the Bank, was found barbarously murdered near St George's in the Enft. He was rob bed of his money, watch, and shoe buckles. SATURDAY, 10. About three in the afternoon the five malefactors under fentence of death at Ma dfone, viz. Samuel Matthews, John Knight, Thomas Rogers, Simon Pingano, and Andrew Benevenuto, in going thro' the parlour of the goaler to divine fervice unhand-cuffed, (it being the last time before their execution) attended by Mr Stephens, the galer with a hanger in his hand, Simon Pingano, a Genoese, feized the hanger, and ftabbed Mr Stephens dead. They then immediately feized the 6 arms belonging to the goaler, and called forth all the prifoners, knocked off their irons, and obliged Mr Holden, the turn key, to bring them liquors. The town being alarmed, the prisoners were fired on, and the fire was returned from the goal, and Mr Fletcher, a publican, and breeches maker, was shot through the head, as he flood at his own door. eight they fallied forth, firing on those that affembled to prevent their escape; and the chief of them then marched to Seven Oaks. Ten of thefe relons in a few days were retaken, and brought back to the faid goal, after a Smart engagement near Seven Oaks, in which Simon Pingano, and Andrew Benevento, the two ringleaders were killed on the fpot, G and their dead bodies brought to the goal. These two were most defperate villains, and determined never to be taken alive; and had they been provided with fuitable ammuniti o, would probable have fold their lives dear, but having no ball but what they cut from an alehouse pot, their fire was at random, and did but little execution; one man, however, loft his life on the occafion, and feveral were wounded. At Hereford affires, Philip Vaughan, for burglary, and Thomas Williami, for a like F The affizes ended at Croyden, when Gilbert Goving, for a robbery on the highway, received fentence of death; three villains, for ftealing goods from the fufferers by the late fire at Rotberbitbe, were fentenced to be whipped near the spot. The aflizes ended at Newcafile, when Cuthbert Thompfen, who received fentence of death the affizes before, was ordered to be tran fported. A wealthy farmer or Whalton, in Northumberland, was indicted, for felling fhort meature, and fined 20 guineas Barney, received fentence or death, but their crimes are not told. SUNDAY II. Being the birth-day of her R. H. the heredirary princess of Brunswick, who, then entered into her 29th year, their majesties received the compliments of the court on that occafion. MONDAY 12. A man formerly a fupervifor of excife, having agreed with Mrs Sherwood of Newcafle, for the purchase of a house, but not fu filling the conditions of payment, was by her arrested for other debts by him contracted; in revenge for which, he last night fet himself in a neighbouring woed. her frables on fire, and this morning hanged Being the birth-day of his R. H. the prince of Wales, the nobility, &c. waited on his Majefty at Richmond to pay their compliments on that occafion. WEDNESDAY 14. The great caufe of the Manilla fhip Santif Happeals for prizes, the tentence affirmed, and fima Trinidada, was determined by the lords of the Spanish claim wholly rejected. The fame morning, early, a duel was fought in Hyde-Park, between a gentleman lately dif milled from a confiderable employment, and |