edition is not common in England. The second impression, pub-pretatione Latina Editionis Clementis VIII. Graco Textu: al lished in two volumes, in 1813, is very neatly printed, and is corEditionem Complutensem diligentissime expresso e reze rected throughout. In editing it, Dr. K. has availed himself of opposita. Studio et curà Petri Aloysii GRATZ. Tubinge, 1, Griesbach's second volume, which was not published when his 1828. 2 tomis, 8vo. first edition appeared. The third edition is a neat reprint of the second, of which the London edition is also a reprint. The fourth edition is revised with great care, and the additions at the end are arranged in a more convenient form.

An edition which is not of very common occurrence in t second, the remaining Books of the New Testament. The Ges country. The first part or volume contains the four Gospels; te text is a reprint of that in the Complutensian Polyglott, with be 34. 'H KAINH AIAOHKH. The New Testament in Greek, exception of the contractions, and the correction of some ore according to the Text of Mill and Stephens, and the Arrange-graphic errors: opposite to this is the Latin Vulgate vero, ment of Mr. Reeves's Bible. [Edited by John REEVES, Esq.] London, 1803. 8vo.

according to the Clementine Recension. At the foot of each rega are exhibited various readings, from Robert Stephens's third edit printed in 1550; from Matthæi's critical edition, and from Gres bach's last edition. To the labours of these editors Professor Grat pays a brief but high tribute of commendation. In order to ens. 19 correctness, the proof sheets were repeatedly read by the ed and his friends. After the editor's preface, follow the preface Jerome on the four Gospels, addressed to Damasus, bishop of Ra and Pope Clement VIII.'s preface to his edition of the Latin Vu gate Bible: together with a synopsis of the four Gospels, and par!el passages. The fine paper copies are very beautiful books: the is one in the library of the BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIBLE SOCIETY. from an examination of which the preceding description is drawn up. The frequent appeals made to the Complutensian text, and the extreme rarity of that Polyglott, concur to render this editien be Professor Gratz an acceptable present to the biblical critic.

43. Novum Testamentum. Textum Græcum Griesbachii et Knappii denuò recognovit, Delectu Varietatum Lectionis Testimoniis confirmatarum, Adnotatione cùm Criticâ tùm Exegetica et Indicibus Historico et Geographico, Vocum Græcarum Infe quentiorum et Subsidiorum Criticorum Exegeticorumque, struxit Joannes Severinus VATER, Theol. Doct. et Prof. Hal Halis Saxonum, 1824. 8vo.

"Of the various critical editions of the New Testament, which of late years have been given to the public, this is not only te of the neatest, but one of the cheapest; it is, in every respessa practical edition, equally adapted to the lecture-room and to th private study. It will not, indeed, render unnecessary the criba labours of Wetstein, Griesbach, or Matthæi, but it will be a vala ble substitute for them to those students who have not the time the means of purchasing their costly but valuable labours. The following is the plan on which Professor Vater has formed a edition:

"The text of each book or epistle is exhibited in contin paragraphs, with the numbers of the chapters and verses in the

The ordinary divisions of chapters and verses are retained; but there are no summaries or tables of contents.

Acce

nience of reference; and in the Gospel | of the Latin Vulgate printed at the same press in the years 1590 are also referred to in the margin. The 1592, 1593, and 1598. is frequently improved. Below the text lines, the principal various readings, distenographic marks, with the authorist; and, beneath them, in two columns, y exegetical notes on passages which are ndexes are subjoined, viz. 1. Historical and ames of Persons and Places, occurring in 2. Of the more difficult and uncommon ne Manuscripts and other critical aids for adings; and, 4. Of Exegetical or Expository = of the best commentaries on particular rses. .. The book is printed on two hich is bad enough; the other on a better both easy to read and pleasant to the eye." . ii. pp. 683, 684.)

47. Η ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ. Novum Testamentum. dunt Parallela S. Scripturæ Loca, necnon Vetus Capitulorum Notatio, et Canones Eusebii. Oxonii, e Typographeo Clarendoniano, 1828; Editio altera, 1830; royal 18mo.

AOHKH. Novum Testamentum Græcè. hium vulgo recepto, additur Lectionum ecipue, quæ à Griesbachio potiores censene, 1825. 2 tomis, 8vo.

on may occasionally be met with. The text
edition of the Greek Testament, edited at
in 1749; who added a copious selection of
e preface of the present edition is signed
J. H. Whoever the editor may be, he has
oved the punctuation, as well as the selec-
Those various readings of Griesbach's
are retained; and the editor has sometimes
d the ordinary Greek text against the pro-
hat critic. The Epistle of Jude is placed
Peter's second Epistle, on account of the
t. The passages cited from the Old Testa-
a very distinct form.

AOHKH. Novum Testamentum, curante
Parisiis, 1824. 2 tomis, 18mo.

and accurately printed edition of the Greek
onade states that he has followed the best
at of Dr. Griesbach; yet not so servilely, but
mself of the judgment of other critics, and
gate Latin Version. The value of this edi-

For this very commodious edition of the Greek Testament, junior biblical students (for whose use it is especially designed) are indebted to the Right Rev. Charles LLOYD, D.D. Bishop of Oxford. The plan of it is as follows:

The text, which is that of Dr. Mill, is printed in paragraphs, with the division into sections, and the punctuation of John Albert Bengel: the numbers of the chapters and verses are placed in the margin on the left of each page, in which are inserted the para or chapters found in ancient manuscripts, of which an account is given in Part I. p. 214. of the first volume. These are printed from those who may wish to consult manuscripts for particular passages of the New Testament. In the other margin there are printed select but highly valuable Parallel References to Scripture, according to the edition of Courcelles (or Curcellus). The Epistle to Carpianus and the canons of Eusebius (of which an account is given in the first volume) are prefixed, for the purpose of enabling any one who may be so disposed, to compile for himself a harmony of the four Gospels

Kuster's edition of the Greek Testament, for the convenience of

48. Η ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ. Νovum Testamentum Græce, secundum editiones probatissimas; expressum cum Ariæ Montani Interpretatione Latina. Curante Carolo Christiano LEUTSCH. Lipsiæ, 1828. 8vo.

A neat reprint of the Greek text after that of Dr. Knappe's critical editions, with the Latin version of Arias Montanus, which from its general fidelity is held in high estimation by Protestants and Romanists. The Greek text and the Latin translation are

printed in columns on each page: the ordinary divisions of chapters and verses are retained."

49. Novum Testamentum Græcè. Londini, impensis G. Pickering, 1828, 48mo.

Fritical one, is much diminished by the total mond type; and it is also the smallest in point of size which has This is the first Greek Testament printed in England with dia- to apprize the reader when the editor has eived text, as also on what authority he has ever been printed. The matrices, from which the types were cast, were cut by Mr. Caslon. The text is stated to be copied exactly dings. To specify two or three instances:-from the Elzevir edition of 1624; and, in order to ensure the riesbach, he omits the doxology of the Lord's On the same authority, in Acts xx. 28. he greater correctness, every proof sheet was critically examined Kupioy, Church of the Lord, instead of Osenting the Last Supper, after the celebrated picture by Leonardo EIGHT times. There is a frontispiece, engraved on steel, repreng this last reading is supported by the Vatida Vinci. also, in 1 Tim. iii. 16. he reads δεφανερώθη, manifested, instead of s, God. But the in 1 John v. 7. is printed as in the Complutions, without any intimation that its genuine1; although that clause is omitted in Griesnow generally considered to be spurious. amentum Græcè et Latinè, expressum ad eone X. approbatas, Complutensem silicet ami. Additæ sunt aliarum novissimarum ntes Lectiones Græcæ, unà cum Vulgatâ lementinæ, ad exemplar ex Typographià Romæ, 1592, correctis corrigendis ex Indidem editis, necnon cum additis Lectionibus nibus Latinis, de annis 1590, 1592, 1593, adpositisque locis parallelis. Studio et curâ s. Tubingæ, 1827. 8vo.

50. 'H KAINH AJAOHKH. Novum Testamentum ad Exemplar Millianum, cum emendationibus et lectionibus Griesbachii, præcipuis vocibus ellipticis, thematibus omnium vocum difficiliorum, atque locis scripturæ parallelis: studio et labore Gulielmi GREENFIELD. Londini, 1829. 48mo.

nted edition of the Greek Testament. The ed for it by Dr. Van Ess, are the original Comeditions of Erasmus, Robert Stephens's edition, 546, with the preface O mirificam, &c. Mat, published at Wittemberg in 1803-1807, and edition, published at Leipzig in 1805, with ngs. The following is the plan followed by

Greek text of his edition:

ed is fundamentally that of Erasmus's fifth erably retained in all those places where the nerated vary from that edition.

The Greek text of this beautifully executed pocket-edition of the New Testament is printed after Dr. Mill's edition (No. 10. p. 000; supra) in columns, and with the usual divisions of chapters and verses. The critical emendations and various readings include the principal of these in Griesbach's edition of 1805 (No. 30. p. 11. supra). These emendations and readings, together with the themes of the more difficult words, and a selection of really parallel passages, are all clearly exhibited in a column in the centre of each page. Such of Griesbach's various readings as could not be inserted in the central column are printed in an appendix. Two neat miniature maps, one of Palestine, and another illustrating St. Paul's Travels, increase the utility of this very portable manual edition of the Greek Testament; as a companion to which, Mr. Greenfield published, in 1829, "The Polymicrian Lexicon to the Elegance and accuracy of typoNew Testament," also in 48mo. graphical execution, and the extreme smallness of the volume, which renders it a curiosity, are but the least of its recommendations. The work does the highest honour to the editor's fidelity, competent learning, and sound judgment." (Eclectic Review, February, 1832. vol. vii. p. 160.)

51. Ἡ ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ, sive Novum Testamentum Græce; cui subjicitur Selectio copiosa Lectionum Variantium Emenof the Complutensian and Erasmus's fifth edi-dationumque Griesbachii præcipuarum, necnon quamplurimæ frequently is the case) that text alone is uni- Voces Elliptica; accurante Gulielmo DUNCAN. Edinburgi, wo texts differ, that reading of one or other of 1830. 12mo. which is supported by the authority of Gries

gs of the five recensions above enumerated, e text of Van Ess's edition, are placed in notes ge: and where no various reading is specified, eral editions uniformly agree.

the Vulgate is printed opposite to the Greek, ding to the edition printed at the Vatican press, with the requisite corrections from the Roman s." References to parallel passages are added er with the various readings from the editions

A new and greatly improved edition of the Greek Testament, first published at Edinburgh in 1811 by Mr. Adam DICKINSON, with a small selection of various readings, for the use of the senior classes in schools. It was stereotyped in 1817, and was subsequently often reprinted. The text is, for the most part, that of Dr. Mill at the foot of the pages are printed the principal elliptical words, collected from the publications of Bos, Leisner, and other eminent critics. In the text all the words and passages, absolutely rejected by Griesbach as spurious, are pointed out by enclosing them within brackets. The editor (Mr. Duncan) has annexed a copious selection of the most important of Griesbach's various read

ings and emendations, which appears to have been made with not to elegance of Latinity, it is nowhere barbarous or unconth great care. The typographical execution is very neat.

52. Novum Testamentum Græcè. Textum ad fidem Testium Criticorum recensuit, Lectionum Familias subjecit, e Græcis Codicibus Manuscriptis qui in Europa et Asia Bibliothecis reperiuntur fere omnibus, e Versionibus Antiquis, Conciliis, Sanctis Patribus et Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis quibuscunque, vel primo vel iterum collatis, Copias Criticas addidit, atque Conditionem horum Testium Criticorum, Historiamque Textûs Novi Testamenti in Prolegomenis fusius exposuit, præterea Synaxaria Codicum K. M. 262. 274. typis exscribenda curavit Dr. J. Martinus Augustinus SCHOLZ. Vol. I. Lipsiæ, 1830. 4to.

The preceding copious title-page of this beautifully executed work will convey to the reader an idea of the plan adopted by the learned editor, Dr. J. Martin Scholz, who devoted twelve years of incessant labour to his arduous undertaking. In order to obtain materials, he visited in person the libraries of Paris, Vienna, Landshut, Munich, Berlin, Trèves, London, Geneva, Turin, Florence, Venice, Parma, Rome, Naples, of the Greek monasteries at Jerusalem, of St. Saba, and the Isle of Patmos; and collated, either wholly or in part, all the manuscripts of the New Testament which are to be found in the libraries just enumerated (in Greek, Latin, Arabic, &c.), comparing them with the text of Griesbach. He also professes to have examined anew most of the ancient versions, as well as the passages cited from the New Testament in the writings of the Fathers of the Christian Church, and of succeeding ecclesiastical authors, and in the acts of councils. In addition to all which sources, he has availed himself of the printed collations of preceding critical editors of the Greek Testament. The Prolegomena, which fill one hundred and seventy-two pages, contain a critical history of the text of the New Testament, together with a copious history and critical estimate of all the sources of various readings consulted by Professor Scholz, distinguishing the MSS. collated by others from those which he had himself collated for the first time, either wholly or in part. These MSS. form a total of six hundred and seventy-four; of which number three hundred and forty-three were collated by his predecessors in this department of sacred literature,-286 of various portions of the New Testament, and 57 evangelisteria or lesson-books extracted from the four Gospels; and three hundred and thirty-one were for the first time collated by Dr. Scholz himself, viz. 210 MSS. of parts of the New Testament, and 121 evangelisteria. Of the theory of recensions adopted by Dr. S. in his Prolegomena and in his Biblico-Critical Travels, and of the two classes of instruments or documents to which he refers all the MSS. of the New Testament, an account is given in Part I. pp. 209-212. of the first

volume.

To the Prolegomena succeed the four Gospels, which fill four hundred and fifty-two pages, separately numbered. The text, which is generally that called the textus receptus, is judiciously printed in paragraphs, with the numbers of chapters and verses placed in the side margin: not a word is altered without the support of the most decisive critical testimonies. In the inner margin below the text are placed the families of readings, as Dr. Scholz terms them; that is, the general readings found in the two great classes of manuscripts, viz. the Constantinopolitan, and the Alexandrine: and beneath these, in the outer margin, are given the more detailed specifications, which are very clearly and commodiously disposed of in two columns, and in the following order, viz. 1. Manuscripts of the greatest antiquity, which are written in uncial or capital letters: these are designated by the letters of the alphabet, from A to Z, and by the two Greek letters r and 4; 2. Manuscripts written in cursive or ordinary Greek characters; 3. Evangelisteria. The references to these two classes of manuscripts are by Arabic figures; 4. The readings found in the several ancient versions; and 5. The quotations found in the writings of the fathers and other ecclesiastical authors and in the acts of councils.

Dr. Scholz is proceeding in the second volume of his most valuable work with all the despatch practicable, considering the minute and various objects which necessarily demand his attention. It is expected to appear in the course of the present year, or early in

1835.

53. Novum Testamentum Græcè, novâ Versione Latinà donatum, ad optimas recensiones expressum, selectis Variis Lectionibus perpetuâque singularum librorum argumento instructum (addità III. Pauli ad Corinthios Epistola), edidit M. Fred. Aug. Adolph NAEBE. Lipsia, 1831. 8vo.

The principal various readings only are given, which are best tents in the several chapters will be found a convenient aid to de supported by critical testimonies; and the brief summaries of student. In compiling them, M. Naebe has followed, somet Fritsche, sometimes Knappe, sometimes Jaspis, sometimes E. horn, and sometimes Hug, according as one or other of these ties appear to have treated the several subjects with the gre accuracy. The third epistle of Paul to the Corinthians, wh lation of the New Testament, is confessedly apocryphal, and of here given in La Croze's Latin version from the Armenian tr use whatever to the biblical student." (Foreign Quarterly Review vol. viii. p. 497.)

54. Novum Testamentum Græcè, ex recensione Caroli Lace MANNI. Berolini, 1831. 12mo.

The editor of this impression of the Greek Testament states th he has framed it upon the principles developed in his work en tled " Theologische Studien und Kritiken" (pp. 817-845., plished in 1830, which the writer of these pages has never see It may therefore suffice to state, that M. Lachmann profess he has in no instance followed his own judgment, but that he h restored the text as it was received by the Oriental Church " first four centuries; and further, that wherever he could, given a preference to those readings which could be. supported the consent of the Italians and Africans. Wherever there was discrepancy between all the authorities, he has indicated it par in brackets, and partly in the margin. The Apostolic Epis given in a different order from that which is found in every ob edition. After the Acts come the seven Catholic Epistles: the are followed by those written by St. Paul, in the following en viz. Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippe Colossians, 1 and 2 Thessalonians, Hebrews, 1 and 2 Th Titus; the Apocalypse terminates the volume. At the end th are forty-three pages containing the readings of the Textus Re tus, which Lachmann had rejected from the text. The type o edition is very neat, but the paper is of very inferior quality.

55. 'H KAINH AIAOHKH. The New Testament; with E lish Notes, Critical, Philological, and Explanatory. [By Rev. E. VALPY, B. D.] A New Edition, London, 1831 vols. 8vo.

The former edition of this Greek Testament appeared in F and in this new edition the work is greatly improved. The is that of the editio princeps, at the foot of which are exhibited.) principal various readings; and below these are placed co critical, philological, and explanatory notes, in English, seie with great care from Raphelius, Kypke, Palairet, Schle Rosenmuller, and other distinguished foreign critics. Ampa has been made of the late much-respected Bishop Maddiens admirable Treatise on the doctrine of the Greek Article, a stract of which is prefixed to the first volume. Verbal crition also introduced, together with observations on the Greek idra from Vigerus, on the Ellipses from Bos, and on the Particles t Hoogeveen. As the notes on the Gospel of St. Matthew art and copious, there was less necessity in many instances, espera in the parallel passages, for the same extended mode of tion; but a frequent reference is made from one to the other: thus the student is induced to consult and to compare the wa body of annotations, and is further enabled to fix more durabi his mind the result and fruit of his industry and research. Tw well-executed Maps of Judæa, adapted to the Gospel History m of the Travels of the Apostles (both copied by permission fro Maps illustrating this work), with Greek and English Indcontribute to enhance the utility of this edition.

56. 'H KAINH AIA¬нKн. The Greek Testament; English Notes. By the Rev. Edward BURTON, D.D. Oxid 1831. 2 vols. 8vo.

1

and 1830, is adopted in this edition of the Greek Testament. Th The text of Bishop Lloyd's editions, printed at Oxford, in 19 divisions of chapters and verses are thrown into the marr which Dr. Burton has printed the parallel references of Cures after a very careful revision of them, which enabled him to de numerous errors. These corrected marginal references are y valuable, not only as pointing out the parallel passages in the Gospels, but also as frequently saving the insertion of a note, when a quotation is made from the Old Testament, which does not quire any further illustration. Below the text are placed the which (the editor states) "are calculated for those persons w not reading the Greek Testament for the first time, but who have little acquaintance with the labours of critical com

In the arrangement of the Greek text of this edition, Dr. Naebe "has chiefly followed the version of Griesbach, consulting, how-tors." (Pref. p. iii.) They are partly explanatory and philo za ever, the critical labours of Drs. Schulz and Scholz, and availing himself of not a few of the emendations proposed by Knappe, Schott, Vater, and Tittmann. He has also carefully corrected the punctuation throughout. In framing his Latin version, the editor acknowledges his obligations to the critical and exegetical commentaries and treatises of Grotius, Wetstein, Noesselt, Keil, Rosenmüller, Kuinöel, Paulus, Pott, Borger, Heinrichs, Tittmann, Tholuck, Winer, Bretschneider, Fritsche, and many others, and especially to the Latin versions of Castellio, Reichard, Schott, Thalemann, and Jaspis. His version," [therefore, is an eclectic one: it] is accurate, conspicuous, and concise; and though it pretends

and partly critical on the various readings occurring in the Ne Testament. In preparing these critical notes. Dr. Burton exa for himself, with no small labour and attention, the copious a rials which had been collected by Griesbach; and, after wez the evidence adduced by him in favour of any particular rea – Dr. B. noted down all the variations from the received text, wh seem to have a majority of documents in their favour. The remarkable variations are simply stated in the notes: but, dreds of instances, where the difference consists in the collect of words, in the addition or the omission of the article, the tution of s. for **., &c. &c. Dr. Burton has not thought it neces

tion. In all the cases which he has noticed, s probably that which ought to be admitted ates, which he has followed in the Acts of arranging the apostolic epistles, differ from ted. Dr. B. has stated his reasons for preferal scheme in "An Attempt to ascertain the ts of the Apostles and of St. Paul's Epistles" to which the reader is necessarily referred. xes terminate this edition of the Greek Tesof the most remarkable Greek terms explained An index of facts and proper names. The on of this edition is singularly beautiful and The Greek Testament; with ical, philological, and exegetical. By the ELD, D.D. Cambridge and London, 1832.

ЛАОНКН.

from a Romanist, the editor has been guided very materially by the
authority of the Latin Vulgate version. A tabular harmony of the
four Gospels is prefixed: and the volume, which is very neatly
printed, concludes with an index of the Epistles and Gospels for
every Sunday and festival of the Romish Church.
59. Novum Testamentum Græcè et Latinè. Ex Recensione
Knappiana, adjectis variis et Griesbachii et Lachmanni lectioni-
bus, edidit Adolphus GOESCHEN. Lipsia, 1832. 8vo.

This also is a manual edition for the use of German biblical
students. The text is taken from Knappe's edition; and below it
are the principal various readings adopted by Griesbach and Lach-
mann. The Latin version, which is placed below them, is close
and faithful. The divisions of chapters are retained, but the num-
bers of the verses are given in the margin; and to each chapter is
prefixed a copious summary of its contents.
terminates this convenient, cheap, and beautifully printed edition
A chronological table

of the New Testament.

Text is a new Recension, formed most carethat of Stephens, adopted by Dr. Mill, from eviation but on the fullest evidence; such ing been introduced, as rest on the united ersions, Fathers, and early printed editions; n adopted in one or more of the critical ediriesbach, Matthæi, and Scholz. Nothing has POLYGLOTT BIBLES, OR EDITIONS OF THE OLD AND NEW TES

SECTION IV.

TAMENTS WITH VERSIONS IN SEVERAL LANGUAGES.

THE honour of having projected the first plan of a Polyglott Bible is due to the illustrious printer, ALDUS MANUTIUS the elder; but of this projected work only one page was printed: it contains the first fifteen verses of the first chapter of the Book of Genesis in collateral columns of Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. The typographical execution is admirable: M. Renouard has given a fac-simile of it in the second edition of his excellent work on the productions of the Aldine Press.1 A copy of this specimen page (perhaps the only one that is extant) is preserved among the manuscripts in the Royal Library at Paris, No.

MMM.LXIV.

is found in the Stephanic text; such words Imost universal consent of editors and critics, ations being placed within distinctly marked ss inclusive according to the degree of suspiwords. Nothing has been inserted but on the rity; and even those words are indicated as printed in smaller characters. All altered comparatively few, and generally found in io Princeps) have asterisks prefixed, the comindicated in the Notes. And such readings as, ed, are generally thought to need alteration, ixed. In all cases the reasons for any deviaanic, or common text, are given. Thus, the advantage of having both texts placed before ext and the corrected text, constituting, it is Greek Vulgate. The punctuation has been ected and adjusted, after a comparison of all To each verse is subjoined, in the outer margin, rallel references from Curcellus's edition of t, the inner margin being appropriated to the s and verses. The citations from the Old Tesrds of any speaker, are clearly indicated by a inting. Under the text are copious notes (mostly lly derived, with acknowledgment, from the ancient and modern) comprising whatever retation, or tends to establish the grammatical editor has endeavoured to unite comprehenty, so as to form one consistent body, in epitome, philological annotation, of which the matter ested) is, in its general character, elementary, the larger Commentaries, especially Dr. Bloomnoptica Novi Testamenti, noticed in a subseppendix: and it further systematically indicates f controverted passages; being especially adaptdemical students, and candidates for the sacred The printing of this splendid and celebrated work, usually called ided also as a manual edition for theological the Complutensian Polyglott, was commenced in 1502; though completed in 1517, it was not published until 1522, and it cost the munieding editions of the New Testament, the fol- ficent cardinal Ximenes 50,000 ducats. The editors were Elins Antonius Nebrissensis, Demetrius Ducas, Ferdinandus, Pincianus, omparative characters have been given in an rnal. "Dr. BLOOMFIELD's edition of the Greek Lopez de Stunica, Alfonsus de Zamora, Paulus Coronellus, and most valuable that has yet been issued from the Johannes de Vergera, a physician of Alcala or Complutum. The last We say this without disparaging the merit three were converted Jews. This Polyglott is usually divided into six The labours of his predecessors. Dr. BURTON'S volumes. The first four comprise the Old Testament, with the -ongly recommends itself by the singular beauty Hebrew, Latin, and Greek in three distinct columns, the Chaldee -, but the weight of his critical authority in paraphrase being at the bottom of the page with a Latin interpreed lections which he has noted, impart to it a tation; and the margin is filled with Hebrew and Chaldee radicals. lependent value; although, in other respects, we The fifth volume contains the Greek Testament, with the Vulgate otes have greatly disappointed us. Mr. Valpy's Latin version in a parallel column; in the margin there is a kind E general utility, may compete with Dr. Bloom- of concordance, referring to similar passages in the Old and New "It is rather an invidious task to adjudicate the Testaments. And at the end of this volume, there are, 1. A single s of competitors; but we may perhaps recom-leaf containing some Greek and Latin verses; 2. Interpretationes and Dr. Burton's editions as the more suitable Hebræorum, Chaldæorum, Græcorumque Nominum Novi Testamenti, e as yet little acquaintance with critical comon ten leaves and 3. Introductio quam brevis ad Græcas Litteras, upper classes of schools, and for persons wishing &c. on thirty-nine leaves. The sixth volume contains, 1. A sepaselves with the sacred oracles in their genuine rate title; 2. Vocabularium Hebraicum totius Veteris Testamenti, arrassing their minds with the details of criti- cum omnibus dictionibus Chaldæis, in eodem Veteri Testamento conHeld's edition, though less suitable for the novice, tentis, on one hundred and seventy-two leaves; 3. An alphabetical to all whose profession requires, or whose lei- Index, on eight leaves, of the Latin words occurring in different ore critical study of the Sacred Writings." (Eclec- parts of the work; 4. Interpretationes Hebraicorum, Chaldaicorum, Græcorumque Nominum, Veteris ac Novi Testamenti, secundum nber, 1832, pp. 473, 474. 492., Ordinem Alphabeti; 5. Two leaves entitled Nomina quæ sequuntur, sunt illa, quæ in utroque Testamento vicio Scriptorum sunt aliter scripta quam in Hebræo et Græco, et in aliquibus Bibliis nostris antiquis, &c.; 6. Fifteen leaves entitled Introductiones Artis Grammatica Hebraica et primo de modo legendi et pronuntiandi. These several pieces are sometimes placed in a different order from that above indicated. With the exception of the manuscript cited as the Codex Rhodiensis (now utterly lost), and the Codex Bessarionis Renouard, Annales de l'Imprimerie des Aldes, tom. iii. pp. 44, 45

In 1516 there was printed at Genoa, by Peter Paul Porrus (in Ædibus Nicolai Justiniani Pauli) the Pentaglott Psalter of Augustin Justiniani Bishop of Nebo. It was in Hebrew, Arabic, Chaldee, and Greek, with the Latin Version, Glosses, and Scholia. In 1518 John Potken published the Psalter in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and Ethiopic, at Cologne. But the first Polyglott edition of the entire Hebrew Bible was that printed at Alcala in Spain, viz.

1. Biblia Sacra Polyglotta, complectentia Vetus Testamentum, Hebraico, Græco, et Latino Idiomate; Novum Testamentum Græcum et Latinum; et Vocabularum Hebraicum et Chaldaicum Veteris Testamenti, cum Grammaticâ Hebraicâ, nec non Dictionario Græco; Studio, Opera, et Impensis Cardinalis Francisci XIMENES de Cisneros. Industria Arnaldi Gulielmi de Brocaric artis impressorie magistri. Compluti, 1514, 1515. 1517, 6 yols. folio.

y.

estamentum Græcè ad optimorum librorum Antonius JAUMANN. Cum selectà Lectionum

chii. 1832. 8vo.

dly a manual edition for the use of such students s of Germany as are unable to procure the larger ve critical editions of the New Testament. The st part taken from Tittmann's edition (No. 40. p. ious readings are selected from the editions of Gratz and Knappe. As might be expected

ɛi,

(Paris, 1326.)

Though less magnificent than the Paris Polyglott, this of Bishop Walton is, in all other respects, preferable; being more ample and more commodious. Nine languages are used in it, though no e book of the Bible is printed in so many. In the New Testament, the four Gospels are in six languages; the other books, only in f those of Judith and the Maccabees, only in three. The Sepra gint version is printed from the edition printed at Rome in 15 which exhibits the text of the Vatican manuscript. The Latin s the Vulgate of Clement VIII. The Chaldee paraphrase is more complete than in any former publication. The London Polyglet also has an interlineary Latin version of the Hebrew text; and some parts of the Bible are printed in Ethiopie and Persian, none of which are found in any preceding Polyglott.

presented to cardinal Ximenes by the republic of Venice, the | Latina, quicquid comparari poterat. . . . Edidit Brianus WALMSS. consulted by his editors were partly purchased at an unbounded expense, and partly lent to him by pope Leo X. out of TON, S.T.D. Londini, imprimebat Thomas Roycroft, 1657. 6 vol large folio. the Vatican Library, whither (we are informed by Alvaro Gomez, the cardinal's biographer) they were returned as soon as the Polyglott was completed. The MSS. belonging to Ximenes were subsequently deposited in the library of the University of Alcala. Learned men had long suspected that they were of modern date. As it was important to collate anew the manuscripts at Alcala, Professors Moldenhawer and Tychsen, who were in Spain in 1784, went thither for this purpose: but they were informed that above thirty-five years before, in 1749, they had been sold by an illiterate librarian to a dealer in fireworks as materials for making rockets. (Marsh's Michaelis, vol. ii. part i. pp. 410, 441.) Notwithstanding this statement, there is "good reason to believe that those learned Germans were the subjects of an imposition practised upon them by some people in the Spanish University, who were not disposed to permit their manuscript treasures to be scrutinized by Protestants." Dr. Bowring, during the short time that Spain enjoyed the blessing of a constitutional government," had the opportunity of carefully examining the manuscripts at Alcala: he has published reasons amounting to a demonstration, that no sale or destruction of manuscripts ever took place. By his personal examination he found THE SAME Scripture manuscripts which had been described by Alvaro Gomez, who died in 1580;" and he adds," that the manuscripts in question are modern and valueless, there can be no longer any question." (Monthly Repository for 1821, vol. xii. p. 203., and vol. i. N. S. for 1827, p. 572, cited in Dr. J. P. Smith's Answer to the Manifesto of the Christian Evidence Society," &c. pp. 48, 49. (Third Edition.)

The impression of the Complutensian Polyglott was limited to 600 copies; three were struck off on vellum. One of these was deposited in the Royal Library at Madrid, and another in the Royal Library at Turin. The third (which is supposed to have been reserved for cardinal Ximenes), after passing through various hands, was purchased at the Pinelli sale, in 1789, for the late Count M-Carthy of Thoulouse, for four hundred and eighty-three pounds. On the sale of this gentleman's library at Paris, in 1817, it was bought by George Hibbert, Esq. for 16,100 francs, or six hundred and seventy-six pounds three shillings and four pence: and, at the sale of Mr. Hibbert's library in 1829, it was sold to Messrs. Payne and Foss, booksellers, of Pall Mall, for five hundred guineas. Copies of the Complutensian Polyglott, on paper, are in the Libraries of the British Museum and Sion College, and also in several of the College Libraries in the two Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. For much interesting additional information respect ing the Complutensian and other Polyglott Bibles, see Mr. Pettigrew's Bibl. Sussex. vol. i. part ii. pp. 3-124.

2. Biblia Sacra Hebraice, Chaldaice, Græce, et Latine, Philippi II. Regis Cathol. Pietate, et Studio ad Sacrosanctæ Ecclesiæ Usum, Christophorus Plantinus excudebat. Antverpiæ, 1569

1572. 8 vols. folio.

Five hundred copies only were printed of this magnificent work, which is sometimes called the Royal Polyglott, because it was executed at the expense of Philip II. King of Spain, and the Antwerp Polyglott from the place where it was printed. The greater part of the impression being lost in a voyage to Spain, this Polyglott has become of extreme rarity. It was printed in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and Chaldee; and contains, besides the whole of the Complutensian Polyglott, a Chaldee paraphrase of part of the Old Testament, which cardinal Ximenes had deposited in the Public Library at Alcala, having particular reasons for not publishing it. This edition also has a Syriac version of the New Testament, and the Latin translation of Santes Pagninus, as reformed by Arias Montanus, the principal editor of this noble undertaking. The sixth, seventh, and eighth volumes are filled with lexicons and grammars of the various languages in which the Scriptures are printed, together with indexes, and a treatise on sacred antiquities. The Hebrew text is said to be compiled from the Complutensian and Bomberg editions.

The FIRST volume, besides very learned and useful Prolegomers. contains the Pentateuch. Every sheet exhibits, at one view, ls. The Hebrew Text, with Montanus's interlineary Latin versior very correctly printed: 2. The same verses in the Vulgate Lat 3. The Greek version of the Septuagint, according to the Vatier MS., with a literal Latin Translation by Flaminius Nobilis, and the various readings of the Alexandrian MS. added at the bottom of the column: 4. The Syriac version, with a collateral Latin tras lation: 5. The Targum, or Chaldee Paraphrase, of Onkelos, with a Latin translation: 6. The Hebræo-Samaritan text, which is nearin the same with the unpointed Hebrew, only the character is diffe rent; and the Samaritan version, which differs vastly from the other as to the language, though the sense is pretty nearly the same; and therefore one Latin translation (with a few notes added at the bottom of the column) serves for both: 7. The Arabic version, with a collateral Latin translation, which in general agrees with the Septuagint. This first volume also contains, or should contas, a portrait of Bishop Walton, engraved by Lombart; and a fronts piece, together with three plates relating to Solomon's temple, a engraved by Hollar. There are also two plates containing sections of Jerusalem, &c. and a chart of the Holy Land. These are inserted in Capellus's Treatise on the Temple. That part of the Pros gomena, in this volume, which was written by Bishop Walton was commodiously printed in octavo, at Leipsic, in 1777, by Pr fessor Dathe. It is a treasure of sacred criticism. The SECOND Volume comprises the historical books in the sam languages as are above enumerated, with the exception of the be maritan (which is confined to the Pentateuch) and of the Ta of Rabbi Joseph (surnamed the blind) on the books of Chronies which was not discovered till after the Polyglott was in the It has since been published in a separate form, as is noticed in the following page.

books from Job to Malachi, in the same languages as before, paly The THIRD Volume comprehends all the poetic and prophete that there is an Ethiopic version of the book of Psalms, which is so near akin to the Septuagint, that the same Latin translat serves for both, with a few exceptions, which are noted in the

margin.

Latin, Syriac, and Arabic, with a two-fold Hebrew text of the The FOURTH Volume contains all the Apocryphal Books, in Greek, of Tobit; the first from Paul Fagius, the second from Sebast Munster. After the Apocrypha there is a three-fold Targum f the Pentateuch: the first is in Chaldee, and is ascribed to Jonghe Ben Uzziel: the second is in Chaldee also; it takes in only stret parts of the Law, and is commonly called the Jerusalem Targ the third is in Persic, the work of one Jacob Tawus, or Toose seems to be a pretty literal version of the Hebrew Text. Each f these has a collateral Latin translation. The first two, though ther contain many fables, are exceedingly useful, because they exp many words and customs, the meaning of which is to be found a where else; and the latter will be found very useful to a ster in the Persian language, though it contains many obsolete phrases and the language is by no means in the pure Shirazian dialect The FIFTH volume includes all the books of the New Testam The various languages are here exhibited at one view, as in the 3. Biblia. 1. Hebraica. 2. Samaritana. 3. Chaldaica. 4. others. The Greek text stands at the head, with Montanus's int Græca. 5. Syriaca. 6. Latina. 7. Arabica. Lutetiæ Parisi-lineary Latin translation; the Syriac next; the Persic third: orum, excudebat Antonius Vitré. 1645. 10 vols. large folio.

This edition, which is extremely magnificent, contains all that 18 inserted in the Complutensian and Antwerp Polyglotts, with the addition of a Syriac and Arabic version of the greatest part of the Old, and of the entire New Testament. The Samaritan Pentateuch, with a Samaritan version, was printed for the first time in this Polyglott, the expenses of which ruined the Editor, M. LE JAY. His learned associates were Philippus Aquinas, Jacobus Morinus, Abraham Echellensis, Gabriel Sionita, &c. The Hebrew text is that of the Antwerp Polyglott. There are extant copies of Le Jay's edition of the Polyglott Bible, under the following title, viz. Biblia Alexandrina Heptaglotta auspiciis S. D. Alexandri VII. anno sessionis ejus rii. feliciter inchoati. Lutetia Parisiorum protestant apud Joannem Jansonium a Waesberge, Johannem Jacobum Chipper, Eliseum Weirstraet, 1666.

Vulgate fourth; the Arabic fifth; and the Ethiopic sixth. Each the oriental versions has a collateral Latin translation. The Pert version only takes in the four Gospels; and for this, the Pars Al or Persian Dictionary, in Castell's Lexicon, was peculiarly ca lated.

The SIXTH volume is composed of various readings and ente remarks on all the preceding versions, and concludes with explanation of all the proper names, both Hebrew and Greek the Old and New Testaments. The characters used for the sever oriental versions are clear and good; the Hebrew is rather the worst. The simple reading of a text in the several versions of throws more light on the meaning of the sacred writer than e best commentators which can be met with. This work se from twenty-five pounds to seventy guineas, according to the d ference of condition. Many copies are ruled with red lines, W is a great help in reading, because it distinguishes the di 4. Biblia Sacra Polyglotta, complectentia Textus Originales, texts better, and such copies ordinarily sell for three of Hebraicum cum Pentateucho Samaritano, Chaldaicum, Græcum, guineas more than the others. In executing this great and splendid work, Bishop Walton Versionumque antiquarum Samaritana, Græcæ LXXII. Inter-assisted by Dr. Edmund Castell, Dr. Tho. Hyde, Dr. P pretum, Chaldaicæ, Syriaca, Arabica, Ethiopica, Vulgate Dr. Lightfoot, Mr. Alexander Huish, Mr. Samuel Clarke, Lous de