Coke's Reports, 276, 358, 364, 365,
367, 371, 372-373, 415, 461-465; order
to revise, 440; Bacon's criticism of,
464;
Bacon's appreciation of, 478,
490.
COLEPEPPER, Sir J., M.R., 261.
COLET, 30.
COLLISIONS AT SEA, 85, 122.
COLOGNE, the fairs of, 91.
COMBATANTS, distinguished from non-
combatants, 36.
COMMERCIAL COURTS, the continental
type, 148-149; question of their intro-
duction into England, 149-151; why
they were not introduced, 151-154.
COMMERCIAL CUSTOMS, acted on by
common law courts, 146-147.
COMMERCIAL LAW, small influence of
English fair courts on the development
of, 113-120; relation of, to the common
law, 144-146; incorporated with the
common law, 146-148; slow growth
of, in England, 492.
COMMERCIAL POLICY, influence of, on
International law, 41-42.
COMMERCIAL and Maritime Law, its
cosmopolitan character, 60-61; not a
medieval characteristic, 61-62; why
emphasized in modern times, 62-64;
effect of Reception of Roman law on,
64-65; the Italian Law Merchant,
65-85; commercial pre-eminence of
the Italian cities, 66; their commercial
organization, 67-71; evolution of com-
mercial law in, 72-76; its character,
76-85; Reception of this Law Mer-
chant in N. Europe, 85-102; com-
mercial law, 85-100; market law of
towns and gilds, 86-90; the inter-
national fairs, 90-93; their effects on
the law, 93-100; maritime law, 100-
102; the Law Merchant in England,
102-154; the medieval Law Merchant,
commercial law, 103-120; maritime
law, 120-129; reception of foreign
doctrines, 129-148; sources, 129-135;
agencies, 135-148; peculiarities of the
English development, 148-154.
COMMISSIONS TO TAKE EXAMINATIONS,
in the Star Chamber, 181, 182, 183;
in the court of Chancery, 286.
COMMISSIONS OF ENQUIRY, powers of
the crown in connection with, 432-433.
COMMON LAW, condition of, in sixteenth
and seventeenth centuries, 412-423;
advantages over its rivals, 413; disad-
vantages, 413-414; its vigorous life,
414-415; restatements of old rules,
415; tenures and estates, 415-416;
crime and tort, 416-417; personal
property, 417; contract, 417-418;
commercial law, 418; law of persons,
418-419; pleading, 419; evidence,
419-420; control of inferior courts,
420; its supremacy in danger in this
period, 420-421; want of a definite
political theory, 421-422; this defect
cured by Coke's career and writings,
422-423; effect on, of work of rival
courts, 339-340; conflicts with its
rivals, 423; merged in the constitu-
tional question between king and
Parliament, 423-424; Coke's influence
on these conflicts, 424-425; reverence
felt for, 435-436; question of its power
to override Acts of Parliament, 475;
defects in its rules-mediæval period,
279-284; how remedied by equity,
284-287; non-existence of adequate
machinery, 287-289; failure in appli-
cation of its rules, 289-291; non-
existence of rules, 291-299; sixteenth
and seventeenth centuries-some defects
then remedied, 300-302; effect on
equity, 302-303; its relation to com-
mercial law, 144-146; incorporation
into, of commercial law, 146-148.
COMMON LAW COURTS, growth of com-
mercial jurisdiction of, in Middle Ages,
116-119, 128; in sixteenth century,
140-144; effect of, on relation of
common to commercial law, 144-146.
COMMonplace Books, 378.
COMMONWEALTH PERIOD, project to
establish commercial courts, 150-151.
COMPANIES, jurisdiction of governing
bodies of, 130, 149; of foreign mer-
chants, 92; their influence on com-
mercial law, 93-100.
Compleat Parson, A (Dodderidge), 394.
Complete Copyholder, the (Coke), 460.
COMPOSITIONS WITH CREDITORS, 97.
COMPURGATION, in fair courts, 107-108,
IIO, 114; in common law courts, 413;
see Wager of Law.
Comyn's Digest, 377.
CONFESSIONS, 193.
CONSCIENCE, 216, 235, 268, 271, 274,
294, 295; Chancery, a court of, in
sixteenth century, 337-338.
CONSENT, to procedure per inquisi-
tionem, 172.
CONSIDERATION, the doctrine of, 296,
417-418; accepted by the Chancery
in relation to contract, 321-322; not
in relation to uses, 322.
CONSOLATO DEL MARE, 35, 70-71, 100,
134.
CONSPIRACY, 203-205, 417.
CONSTABLE AND MARSHAL, court of,
15-16, 127.
CONSTANCE, Council of, 31.
CONSTITUTION, the English, royal and
Parliamentary view of, 423-424.
CONSTRUCTION, of wills and other docu-
ments, 320, 327, 414, 416.
CONSTRUCTIVE TRUSTS, 305-306.
CONSULES, de communi, 68; hospites,
74; mercatorum, 68, 69.
CONTEMPT, Chancery process of, 335.
CONTRABAND, 35, 47-48; analogues of,
47.
CONTRACT, theory of, in the medieval
Chancery, 294-297; growth of law of,
417-418.
CONTRIBUTION, in maritime cases, 85,
123, 124.
CONVERSION, the doctrine of, 320.
CONVEYANCING, new forms of, 416.
COPYHOLD, 324, 416.
CORDELL, M.R., 260.
Cornwall's Tables, 386.
CORPORATIONS, rudimentary common
law ideas as to, 281.
Corporations, Fraternities and Guilds
(Shepherd), 391.
CORY, Th., 385.
COSIN, Dr., 8.
CO-TRUSTEES, liability for one another's
acts, 306-307.
COTTON, Sir R., 402, 403, 405, 406,
482.
COUNCIL, commercial jurisdiction of, in
Middle Ages, 116, 117, 119-120; in
the sixteenth century, 136-137; dele-
gation of commercial and maritime
cases by the, to the court of Requests,
139; relation of, to the judges in the
Tudor period, 347-348.
DALE, Dr. Valentine, 6, 7, 44, 45.
Davis's Reports, 359, 365.
DAVISON, trial of, 230.
D'Anvers Abridgment, 377.
De Antiquitatibus Juris, Bacon's pro-
posals for a book on this subject, 488.
De Augmentis (Bacon), 241, 248-250,
486, 487, 488.
De Dominio Maris (Welwod), 10.
D'EWES, 404-405; his autobiography,
404; his Journals of the Elizabethan
Parliaments, 405.
De Finibus Levatis Statutum (Coke),
460.
De Jure Belli (Gentili), 52, 53-55-
De Jure Belli et Pacis (Grotius), 55,
56-58.
De Jure Maritimo et Navali (Molloy),
De Legationibus (Gentili), 52, 53.
De Legato, 10.
DE NON PROCEDENDO REGE IN CON-
SULTO, the writ, 439-440.
De Pace Regis et Regni (Pulton), 392-
393.
De Regulis Juris, Bacon's proposals for
a book on this subject, 488.
De Republica Anglorum (Smith), the
additions to, 259.
De Usu et Authoritate Juris Civilis
(Duck), 16, 24.
DEBTOR, effect of appointment of a, as
executor, 317.
Decem Historia Anglicana Scriptores
(Selden), 408.
DECEIT, action of, 292.
DEcrees of the Star Chamber, their
COUNCIL AND STAR CHAMBER, their
respective functions, 155; why they
were efficient bodies, 156.
COUNSEL, actions by, for fees in fair
courts, III; denied to prisoners, 192.
COURTS, of the international fairs, 94-96 ; |
models for commercial courts in loss, 162.
different countries, 95; central, effects
of their conflicts on commercial juris-
diction, 151-152, 153-154.
COURTS OF RECORD, see Record, Courts
of.
COVENTRY, Th., 254-256.
DEDIMUS POTESTATEM, the writ of, 286.
DEFAMATION, actions for, in the fair
courts, 109; in the central courts,
205-212, 417.
DEFENCE, restriction of, a prisoner's
liberty of, 171, 172, 174, 175.
COWELL, 20-22; Parliament's attack on, DEFENCE, the, in the Star Chamber,
Dialogue of the Common Laws (Hobbes), | ELIOT, Sir John, 164, 449, 450, 452.
Dickens' Reports, 278.
Digest des Briefs Originals (Theloall),
380-381, 387.
Digest of Case Law, Bacon's proposals
for, 487.
Digest of Statute Law, Bacon's proposals
for, 487.
DIGGES, Sir Dudley, M.R., 261.
DIPLOMACY, the art of, 39, 40, 41.
Direction or Preparation to the Study of
the Law (Fulbecke), 23-24.
Discourse of Law and Single Combat
(Eliot), 9.
DISCOVERY, 281-282, 332.
DISCOVERY, the voyages of, influence of
on International law, 42.
Disposition or Administration of Intes-
tate Goods (Selden), 409.
Dissertatio ad Fletam (Selden), 409.
Doctor and Student, the (St. Germain),
159, 217, 235, 269, 271, 273; 266-269;
influence of, compared with that of
Bracton, 269; theory of contract in,
294.
DOCTORS' COMMONS, 5, 9, 16, 258.
Doctrina Placitandi (Ever), 386-387.
Dodderidge, J., 15, 17, 345; his book
on wills and executors, 15; question
of his authorship of the Touchstone,
391-392; his Reading on advowsons,
394; his English Lawyer, 397.
DONATION OF CONSTANTINE, 42.
DORISLAUS, 8.
DUCK, Arthur, 8, 16, 24-25.
DUELLING, 199-201, 204, 210.
ELIOT, John, 9.
ELIZABETH, 41, 45, 49.
ELLESMERE, his career, 231-238; other
references to, 180, 204, 217, 224, 226,
260, 271, 272, 276, 288, 306, 307, 326,
333, 342, 350, 364, 438, 478.
EMBASSIES, permanent, 38-39, 40, 46-47.
EMBRACERY, 202.
EMENDATORI, 75.
EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY, in fair courts,
III-112; at common law, 417.
ENEMIES, provision of Magna Carta as
to, 34.
ENEMY SHIPS, ENEMY GOODS, not the
law in the Middle Ages, 35.
England's Epinomis (Selden), 408.
English Lawyer, the (Dodderidge), 397-
398, 399.
Entries, Books of, 383-386; Coke's,
461; Rastell's, 384, 461.
ENTRY BOOKS OF Decrees, 264.
ENTRY, forcible, 199.
Epieichia (Ashe), 368.
EQUITY, its underlying principle, 215;
stages in its history, 212-218; relation
of to law, 217, 220-224, 225, 236-238,
251-252; nature of, 219, 235-236, 267-
269, 270-271, 274, 275-276, 299-303,
336-338; rules of medieval, 278-
299; sixteenth and seventeenth cen-
turies, 299-336.
EQUITY OF REDEMPTION, the, 331-332,
334.
EQUITY TO A SETTLEMENT, germs of
doctrine of, 314.
ERASMUS, 30.
ERROR, writ of, 158, 159.
ESMEIN, 170, 173, 174, 175, 185, 189.
Duello or Single Combat (Selden), 408. ESSEX, the earl of, relations with Bacon,
Dyer's Readings, 394.
Dyer's Reports, 276, 358, 364-365, 370.
DYING DECLARATION, admissibility of
in evidence, 183.
EARNEST MONEY, 109.
ECCLESIASTICAL COURTS, their juris-
diction over defamation, 205-206;
encroachments on jurisdiction of by
ESTATES, the law as to, 415.
ESTREPEMENT, writ of, 230.
Etymologiæ, the (Isidore of Seville), 28.
EVER, Sampson, 386.
EVIDENCE, law of, rudimentary in six-
teenth century, 183, 193, 281-282; de-
velopment of by the court of Chancery,
332-334; growth of law of, 301, 419-
420; of experts, 419; written-in
continental procedure, 172, 173, 174;
in the Star Chamber, 181-184; in the
Chancery, 285.
EVIL MAY DAY, the, 348.
GARDINER, S.R., 186, 191, 196.
GArdyner, 376.
GENEVA, the fairs of, 91.
GENOA, 70, 75.
GENTILI, his life and character, 52-53;
his books, 53; his De Jure Belli, 53-
55; other references, 10, 36, 38, 45,
51, 59, 341.
GERARD, M.R., 229, 260.
GERMAN MERCHANTS, companies of, 92.
GERMANY, commercial courts in, 95.
GERSON, 269.
GILDS, Italian, 68, 69, 71; in other
countries, 88, 89; see Companies.
GLANVIL, 168, 378. 392.
GLOUCESTER, Richard, duke of, 127.
Godbolt's Reports, 360.
FALSE JUDGMENT, writ of, 158.
FAMILY LAW, development of, by GOODRICH, Bishop, 218, 224.
equity, 309-315.
FERRETUS, 134.
FINCH, Sir Thomas, 343; Henry, 227,
233, 343; his Nomotechnia, 399-401;
Sir John, C.J., and L.C., 256-257,
343-344, 453; Sir Moyle, 344;
Heneage, 344; Heneage, Lord Not-
tingham, 344.
FIRTH, Sir Charles, 406.
FLANDERS, the fairs of, 91, 92.
FLETA, 378, 405.
FORECLOSURE, the decree of, 331-332.
FOREIGN JUDGMENTS, 38.
FOREIGNERS, their criminal liability, 49.
FORESTALLING, 109.
FORGERY, 293.
FORTESCUE, 185.
FRANCHISES, the commercial, 85-86; of
holding a market, 87-88, 89; belong-
ing to towns, 88-90; of the inter-
national fairs, 91; of companies of
merchants, 92; legal effects--abroad,
93-100; in England, 104, 106-113.
FRANKFORT, the fairs of, 91.
FRAUD, treatment of, by the Star Cham-
ber, 212-213; by the court of Chan-
cery, 292, 326, 328.
FREE SHIPS FREE GOODS, not the law in
the Middle Ages and later, 35, 45 n. 1,
47.
FREEDOM OF THE SEAS, the, 10-11, 42-43,
47.
FREIGHT, 122, 124, 144.
FRY, Sir E., II.
FULBECKE, 9, 22-24, 52.
FULLER, Thomas, 234.
FULLER, Nicholas, 350, 429.
GALSTON, John, 385.
GARDINER, Bishop, 5, 218, 224.
Gouldesborough's Reports, 276, 360.
GRASWINCKEL, II.
GRATIAN, 28, 29, 30.
GRIMSTON, 368.
GRINDAL, Archbishop, 7.
GROSS, 106.
GROTIUS, the merits of his De Jure Belli
et Pacis accounted for by his intellec-
tual training, 55-56; and by his men-
tal characteristics, 56-57; his place in
legal history, 57-58; his Mare Lib-
erum, 10-11; other references, 36, 38,
43, 50, 51, 54, 59, IOI.
GUARDIANSHIP, 315.
HABEAS CORPUS, writ of, 300.
HADDON, 7.
HALE, Sir Mathew, his answer
Hobbes, 482-485, and App. III.;
other references, 154, 375-376, 380.
HALES, J., 349, 350.
HAMPTON COURT CONFERENCE, the,
231.
HANSE, the, 35, 92, 113.
Hardres's Reports, 363.
HATTON, Christopher, 226, 230, 300;
Lady Elizabeth, 442, 443.
HAWARDE, J., 163, 234; his reports,
163-164.
HAYWARD, Master, 259-260.
HAZELTINE, Prof., 412.
HEARING, the, in the Star Chamber, 184.
HEARSAY, 333, 419-420.
HEATH, Archbishop, 218, 224.
HEATH, C.J., 351.
HENRY II., 37.
HENRY VIII., 220.
HERBERT, 376.
HERESY, power of bishops to give a Institutes, the (Coke), 466-471.
capital senetence for, 433.
HERETICS, wars with, 31.
INQUEST, the, becomes a body of wit-
nesses, 172; procedure by, 171-176.
Institutes, Bacon's proposals for a book
of, 488.
Institutiones Juris Anglicani (Cowell),
Instructions for the Warres (Ive), 9.
HIGH COMMISSION, court of, 429, 430, INSTRUMENTA Publica, 78.
HIRE, contract of, 418.
HISTORIANS, their criticisms of Coke's
writings, 472-478.
History of Tithes (Selden), 408.
INSULT, no remedy for, at common law
unless damage was caused, 206-207.
INSURANCE, 73, 85, 101, 130, 144;
London court for cases of, 135, 150.
Instauratio Magna (Bacon), 241, 242.
HOBART, Henry, 200, 342, 437; John, INTENTION, as a ground of liability, 416-
Hobart's Reports, 359, 365.
HOBBES, 459; his criticisms on Coke,
480-482; Hale's answer thereto, 482-
485 and App. III.
HOLBORNE, Sir R., 277; his Reading,
395.
HOLLAND, John, duke of Exeter, 127.
HOLLAND, Prof. Sir Th., 28, 53.
HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, 32, 39.
HOOKER, 51.
HORSES, sale of, III.
HOSTIENSIS, 30.
HOTMAN, 22, 45, 52.
HUDSON, his book on the Star Chamber,
164-166; other references, 139, 147,
161, 164, 178, 179, 181, 183, 184, 187,
198, 199, 201, 202, 203, 210, 211, 212,
232.
Hughes's Abridgment, 377.
HUSBAND AND WIFE, contracts between,
310-312; see Married Women.
HUSSEY, 221.
Hutton's Reports, 360.
HUVELIN, 88, 90, 91, 96.
INTERCURSUS MAGNUS, the, 41; Malus,
INTERNATIONAL LAW (Public), history
of, in England, 25-60; causes for
growth of, 26; roots of, 26-27 ; the
mediæval ideas, 28-39; topics con-
nected with war, 29-36; other topics,
36-39; necessities of the territorial
state, 39-50; foreign sovereigns and
ambassadors, 39-40; permanent em-
bassies, 40-41; balance of power, 41;
commercial questions, 41-42; freedom
of the seas, 42-43; the topic of Peace,
43; of Neutrality, 43-44; inter-
national questions, 44-50;
earliest
English writers on, 50-60; see Zouche,
Gentili, Grotius; a law inter gentes
50-51; division into Peace and War
originated by Zouche, 59.
INTERNATIONAL LAW (Private), see
Private International Law.
INTERNATIONAL LAWYERS, 5-7.
Interpreter, the (Cowell), 20, 21-22,
402.
INTERROGATORIES, in the Star Chamber,
180-181, 182-183; addressed to ac-
cused persons (abroad), 174, 175.
ISIDORE OF SEVILLE, 28, 30.
ISSUE, joinder of, in the Star Chamber,
181.
ITALY, influence of ideas from, on Inter-
national law, 39, 40; on commercial
and maritime law, 63-65, 66-85; com-
panies of merchants from, 92; com
mercial statutes of towns in, 72-73;
their growth of uniformity, 75.
IVE, Paul, 9.
JAMES I., his decree in favour of the
Chancery and its effects, 236-238; his
claim to decide conflicts of jurisdiction,
428; his view as to the position of the
judges, 428, 430; as to his power to
withdraw cases from the courts, 428-
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