THE CONTENTS

OF THE

FOURTH VOLUME.

APPENDIX. DISSERTATION XV.

On the Census Orbis at the Nativity

1-65
CENSUS of Augustus, recorded by Suidas-Criticism of Kuster-
Census, alluded to in Syncellus-Not a Census Urbis or Census
Civium-Description of it, applicable to that of the census at the
nativity. . . .

-5

Census of Augustus, according to Malala-Presence of Pedanius
in Syria, at the time of the council of Berytus-The gens Peda-
nia-Pedanius, not a legate of Saturninus-Presence of Pedanius,
possibly connected with the census at the nativity

........

5-8

Objection to a Census Orbis from the silence of Dio Cassius-Hia-
tus in Dio-Mission of Caius Cæsar into the East-Pisan Ceno-
taph-Ars Amandi of Ovid, and Remedium Amoris ...... 8-10

Numbers in Suidas-Conjectural emendation of 8, for ví. μvpiádes—
Proper sense of avopes-Population of the empire under Augu-
stus-Opinion of Mr. Hume-Calculation of Mr. Gibbon-Na-
tions comprehended in the empire, in the time of Diodorus of
Tarsus-Estimate of Procopius, of the loss of life under Justinian
-Calculation of the population of the empire, thence deducible-
Plague under Justinian-Evagrius

10-16

Limitation of the inquiry to the probable amount of the population
of Rome under Augustus-Numbers in Suidas, as they stand,
applicable neither to the city of Rome, nor to the Roman em-
pire-Censuses of Augustus, on the Ancyran monument-Extra-
vagant calculations of the population of Rome..

13-18

First general argument of the population of Rome-Numbers of Cives,
reported in former censuses-Interruption in the order of the cen-
suses-Census of Phlegon-A Roman census, a Census Civium,

wherever found-Extension of the rights of citizenship to Italy,

Gaul, Sicily-Cives Romani in Asia, in the time of Mithridates—

Census of Claudius-Freedom of the state extended to Gallia

Comata..
18-23

Population of Gaul in general-Numbers destroyed by Cæsar-Po-

pulation of the Belgæ in particular-Number of nations in Gaul,

and average amount of each-Resulting population of the

whole
23-26

Description of persons, included in a Roman census-Published re-

sults-Militaris ætas, or armigera pars, of a given population-

Cases in point to this proportion-Difference to be expected be-

tween a census of Augustus, and that of Claudius..... 26-28

Second general argument of the population of Rome-Numbers

of the dipos, or plebs urbana-Number of the senators or

knights...
28-29

Estimate of the numbers of the plebs urbana, from congiaria or

largesses on record-Wine largess of Lucullus-Cadus Congia-

rius-Proportion to each recipient-Epula of Crassus, and Julius

Cæsar

....

29-30

Bequest of Julius Cæsar at his death-Numbers of the corn pension-

ers, at different times-Expense of the ornpério in question-

Reconciliation of the different statements in Plutarch-Frumen-

tationes of Augustus, on the Ancyran monument-Proportion of

the supplies of corn from Africa, and from Egypt .... 30-33

Pecuniary largesses of Augustus on the monument-Bequest of Au-

gustus - Bequest of Tiberius-Largess of Caius-Largess of

Severus-Numbers of the Prætorian guard, and Cohortes Ur-

banæ...

...

33-34

Review of the above observations-Resulting conclusion of the num-

bers of the dipos of Rome-Married citizens, in the time of Julius

Cæsar

35-36

Canon frumentarius, or daily issue of corn at the time of the death
of Severus Number of recipients-Rate of allowance to each-
The choenix-The medimnus-The modius-The corn ticket, the

right of the citizens of both sexes-Jewish Roman citizens→→

Children included -Register of births at Rome, and in the pro-

vinces-General conclusion-Increase of the population from Au-

gustus to Severus-That it was not greater, due to what causes

more especially

36-41

Proportion of the population of Constantinople, in the time of Con-

stantine, to that of Rome in the time of Severus-Date of the

foundation of Constantinople-Magnitude of the city from the

first-Testimony of Eunapius-Corn pension of its citizens-

Issue of ǎpro or bread, and its amount daily-Resulting popula-

tion of the city....

36-38

Conclusion from the congiaria or largesses, confirmed by a compari-

son of the magnitude of the theatres at Rome-Descriptio Urbis

Romæ of Publius Victor-Theatres, in the time of Augustus-

The three theatres and the three fora-Joint amount of sittings

in these theatres-Circus Maximus-Competent to contain the

whole of the people-Its size at different times-Size, in the time

of Victor-General conclusion, from the amount of sittings in all

these buildings conjointly, consistent with the former....41-44

Proportion of foreigners and slaves, to the free population of Rome-

Exaggerated allusions to this subject in contemporary writers-

Strangers, occasionally expelled-Proportion of slaves in the time

of Seneca-Slave population of Athens in the time of Xenophon

-General estimate of the total population of Rome...

...

44-46

Third general argument of the magnitude of Rome-Comparison of

Rome with other principal cities-Magnitude of ancient Carthage,

as conjecturable from that of new-Site of Carthage-The Byrsa

and Magalia-Perimeter of Carthage-Population of Carthage at

the third Punic war
46-47

Alexandria in Egypt-Shape of Alexandria-The Macedonian
chlamys-Perimeter or magnitude of the city-Street of the Sun
and the Moon-Quarters or regions of the city, and their names
-Jews of Alexandria, and their numbers-Flaccus Aquilius—
Alexandria in the time of Diodorus, and population of Egypt-

Population of Egypt, at the commencement of the Jewish war—

Album of the citizens of Alexandria-Included women and chil-

dren-General estimate of the population of Alexandria.. 47—51

1

Corn-pension of the poor of Alexandria, in the time of Diocletian—

Proportion of the poor to the duos generally-Proportion of the

poor at Antioch and Constantinople, in the time of Chryso-

51-52

stom

Seleucia ad Tigrim-Power and independence of this city-Jews of

Seleucia, U. C. 790 or 791-Population of Seleucia, in the time of

Marcus Aurelius-Population, in the time of Pliny ...... 52-53

Antioch on the Orontes-The metropolis of Syria-Census of Apa-

mea by Quirinus-Founders or enlargers of Antioch, at different

times-Antigonia-Street, paved by Herod in Antioch-Perimeter

of Antioch-Military population of Antioch-Anμos of Antioch, in

the time of Chrysostom-Numbers of the church, and of the poor

of Antioch-Oratio Antiochica of Libanius-Probable population

of Antioch-Earthquakes at Antioch, and loss of life, at different

times-Capture of Antioch by Chosroes-New name of Antioch,

Theopolis or Theüpolis..

53-57

Fourth general argument-Probable extent of ground covered by

Rome-Divisions or Regiones of Rome-Pomarium of Rome

-Ancient Rome, equal in periphery to Athens-Perimeter of

Athens-Walls of Rome, at the census of Vespasian-Suburbs

of Rome-Estimate of the compass of Rome by Aristides-Wall

of Aurelian-Date of its construction—Acáornua of the wall of

Rome, A. D. 410-Olympiodorus-Ammon-Semicircular shape of

Rome-Aiáornμa in question, the radius of the circle ...57-59

Number of the births at Rome, soon after the same time-Content

of the Circus Maximus, at the same period-Proportion of births

in cities, annually.

59-60

Allowance to be made, for the language of contemporaries in speak-

ing of the magnitude of Rome-Number of families in the same

house-Altitude of the houses-Vacant spaces-Uninhabited build-

...60-61

ings

Passage of Pliny, descriptive of the magnitude of Rome, U. C. 830,
how to be understood-Reading of xiii miles-Milliarium Au-
reum-Castra Prætoria-Number of gates of Rome-Number of
Viæ Publica-The Pomarium, what-Gates and Viæ in the time of