Sir N. T. As to our frequent meetings, they were not of purpose, but by accident, and since you would know what passed between us in Paul's, I will declare it. We talked of the evils of the Queen's marriage with the Prince of Spain, and how grievous the Spaniards would be to us in England; Vaughan said, "that it would be very dangerous for any man that sincerely professed the Gospel to live here, such was the Spaniard's cruelty; and especially against Christian men." To which I answered, "It was the plague of God come justly upon us, and that Almighty God dealt with us now as he had done with the Israelites, by removing their pious Kings from them, and for their ingratitude sending tyrants to reign over them; even so he had dealt with us Englishmen, who had a most godly and virtuous Prince to reign over us, my late Sovereign Lord and Master King Edward, under whom we might both safely and lawfully profess God's Word; which we made use of so unworthily, through our evil and irregular practices and demeanours, that to whip us for our faults he would send us strangers, yea very tyrants to exercise tyranny over us, instead of the gentle reign of that virtuous and faithful King; for every man of every estate coloured his base affections with a show of religion, and made the Gospel a stalking-horse for the accomplishing of his evil passions." This was the sum of our discourse in Paul's somewhat more dilated.

Stamford. That it may the more evidently appear that Throckmorton was a principal agent and adviser in this affair, you shall hear his own Confession under his own hand.

Here the Clerk began to read, but Sir Nicholas desired that Stamford might read, and begged the jury to be very attentive to it. Stamford read thus: That • Throckmorton had conferences with Wyatt, Carew, Crofts, Rogers, and Warner, and with each of them in particular, as well about the Queen's marriage with the Prince of Spain as about religion. Farther, that he 'talked with Sir Thomas Wyatt about the rumour that the western men much disliked the coming of the Spaniards into this realm, as also a report that they intended to oppose their arrival, and of their having held a con

⚫sultation about it at Exeter; that Wyatt said, "Sir Peter "Carew could not bring the business to a good issue; and that there was nobody so proper for it as the Earl of 'Devonshire, especially in the West Country, as they did 'not all draw by one line." That then Throckmorton asked, how the Kentish men stood affected to the Spaniards? That Wyatt answered, "The people liked them ill enough, as now appears by the arrival of Count Egmont, for they were ready to stir against him, and 'his train, supposing it had been the Prince, but," said Wyatt, "Sir Robert Southwell*, Mr. Baker and Mr. Moile, with their kindred, who have a good interest in some parts of the country, will, out of other malicious views, hinder the liberty of their country." That then 'Throckmorton said, "Though I know there has been an unkindness between Sir Robert Southwell and you about a money affair, wherein I have endeavoured to make you friends, I doubt not but in so honest a matter as this is, ' he will, for the safety of his country, join with you, and so you may be sure of the Lord Abergavenny and his power." That then Wyatt said, "We have differed about another affair, and not money, wherein he has used me ' and others very unfairly and unneighbourly; nevertheless 'he can do no otherwise to me nor any man else, and so I forgive him." Again, that Throckmorton had a con'ference with Sir Peter Carew about preventing the landing of the Prince, and preparing of arms and am'munition; that is to say, that Sir Peter Carew told Throckmorton that he believed his countrymen would 'be true Englishmen, and would not let the Spaniards govern them. Farther, that Sir Peter Carew said, that the French King being interested in this affair, he was ' of opinion that he would oppose the coming of the Spa⚫niards into this kingdom; therefore the said Sir Peter 'advised to treat with him for arms, ammunition, and money. That therefore Throckmorton advised him to 'take heed lest he should bring any Frenchmen into the 'realm forcibly, for he as little liked them in such a case, as he did the Spaniards; he also thought the French King was not in a condition to assist us, on account of *He was sheriff of Kent, and actively opposed Wyatt upon his rising in arms.

6

his own wars. Sir Peter Carew said, "As to the bringing in of the French he meant it not, for he loved neither party; but his design was to save his own country and ' to redeem it from slavery," declaring farther to Throckmorton, "that he had a small bark of his own to use as he had occasion, and that he shortly designed to return 'to his own country, in order to try the inclinations of his countrymen." That Throckmorton farther said, "he 'would for his part prevent the coming of the Spaniards as much as ever he could by persuasion; that Throckmorton lamented his own condition to Sir Edward Warner, and the tyranny of the times extending to a great many honest persons on account of religion, and wished it were lawful for all of either religion to live safely according to their consciences; and he said that the discipline of the clergy might now be rather compared to Turkish tyranny, than Christian instruction."' Sir N. T. Mr. Serjeant, since you have read and gathered those passages, which you think make most against me, pray take the pains and read farther; so that whatever may hereafter become of me, my words may not be perverted and abused to the hurt of others, and especially of those great personages, about whom, as appears by my answers, I have been divers times examined; for I perceive that the net was not cast only for small fishes, but also for great ones, according to the adage*.

Stamford. It will be but loss of time, and we have other things to charge you with; besides, what you desire makes nothing for you.

Dyer. For a fuller confirmation of all the treasons laid to the prisoner's charge, and in order to prove him guilty, you of the jury shall hear the Depositions of the Duke of Suffolk against him, who was a principal in the matter, and has suffered accordingly.

;

Then the Serjeant read the Duke's Confession the substance of what the Duke had owned was, that the Lord Thomas Grey had informed him, that Sir Nicholas Throckmorton was privy to the whole design

*This alludes probably to the attempt to fix upon the Princess Elizabeth a participation in Wyatt's rebellion.

VOL. I.

I

against the Spaniards, and was one of those who would go into the West with the Earl of Devonshire.

Sir N. T. But what doth the principal author of this matter say against me? I mean, the Lord Thomas Grey, who is still living; why is not his Deposition brought against me? for so it ought to be, if he has anything to say. Will you know the truth? Neither the Lord Thomas Grey has said, can say, or will say anything against me; notwithstanding the Confession and Accusation of the Duke his brother, who has affirmed many things that are not true. I speak not without certain knowledge, for the Lord Thomas Grey, being my prisonfellow for a short time, informed me, that the Duke his brother had misreported him in many things, and amongst others in matters touching me, which he had declared to you, Master Southwell, and the other examiners not long ago. I am sure, if the Lord Thomas could or would have said anything, it would now have been here. And as to the Duke's Confession, it is not at all material; since he refers the matter to the Lord Thomas Grey's report, who has cleared me of it.

Attorney-General. My Lords, and you my Masters of the jury, we shall make it very plainly appear to you, that besides these things relating to Wyatt's rebellion, Sir Peter Carew's treasons and confederacies with the Duke of Suffolk, and the prisoner's conspiracy with the Earl of Devonshire, and with Crofts, Rogers, Warner, and several others in divers places; that Throckmorton did conspire the Queen's death, together with William Thomas, Sir Nicholas Arnold, and other traitors having the same intent; this is the greatest matter of all, and the most to be abhorred.

Then they read the Examination of Sir Nicholas Arnold, which stated that Throckmorton told him that John Fitzwilliams was very much displeased with William Thomas *.

Attorney-General. Thus it appears that William Thomas devised that John Fitzwilliams should kill the Queen, and Throckmorton knew of it.

*Thomas was shortly afterwards tried and executed for this supposed treason.

Sir N. T. I deny that I said any such thing to Sir Nicholas Arnold; and though he is an honest man, he may either forget himself, or devise means how to rid himself of so weighty a burden as this is, for he is charged as principal; this I perceived when he charged me with his tale; and therefore I blame him the less for it, that he endeavours to clear himself, using me as witness, to lay the contrivance at the door of William Thomas. But truly I never said any such words to him; and the more fully to clear the matter, I saw John Fitzwilliams here just now, who can bear witness he never told me of any misunderstanding between them; and as I knew nothing at all of any misunderstanding, so I know nothing neither of the cause. I desire, my Lords, he may be called to swear what he can as to this affair.

Then John Fitzwilliams drew to the bar and offered to depose his knowledge of the matter in open court.

Attorney-General. I pray you, my Lords, suffer him not to be sworn, nor to speak; we have nothing to do with him.

Sir N. T. Why should not he be suffered to tell the truth? and why are you not so willing to hear truth for me, as falsehood against me?

Hare, Who called you hither, Fitzwilliams, or bid you speak? You are a very busy fellow.

Sir N. T. I called him, and humbly desire he may speak and be heard as well as Vaughan, or else I am not indifferently used, especially as Mr. Attorney doth so press this matter against me.

Southwell. Go your ways, Fitzwilliams, the Court has nothing to do with you; peradventure you would not be so ready in a good cause.

Then John Fitzwilliams went out of the court, and was not suffered to speak.

Sir N. T. Since this gentleman's Declaration may not be admitted, I hope you of the jury will take notice, that this was not for any thing he had to say against me, but, on the contrary, for fear he should speak for me. Now as to Master Arnold's Deposition against me, say I did not tell him any such words; so that if they were material, there is but his Yea and my Nay for them. But that the words may not be so much