graphy, by John M. Mackie, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 2d series, v. 317-411. 1. Simplicitie's Defence against SevenHeaded Policy, Lon., 1640, sm. 4to; 2d ed. 1647. It was answered by Governor Edward Winslow, 1646. Winslow also pub. A Narrative of Disturbances made in New England by Samuel Gorton and his accomplices, 1649, 4to. Simplicitie's Defence was repub. in vol. ii. Trans. R. Island Hist. Soc. 2. An Incorruptible Key, composed of the CX. Psalme, &c., sm. 4to. 3. Saltmarsh returned from the Dead, &c., 1655, sm. 4to. 4. An Antidote against the Common Plague of the World, &c., 1657. 5. Certain Copies of Letters, &c. He also left some works in manuscript.

Gosdan, Bookbinder, St. Martin's Lane. Songs of the Chase, Racing, &c.; 2d ed., 1813, 8vo.

Gosling, Mrs. Jane. 1. Moral Essays and Reflections, Sheffield, 1789, 8vo. 2. Ashdale Village; a Moral Work of Fancy, 1794, 2 vols. 12mo.

"The writer appears to possess very just ideas concerning the female character, and, through the medium of her fictitious tale, which is chiefly domestic, conveys useful hints to parents and children on the important subject of female education."-Lon. Month. Rev., xv. 109.

on 2 Chron. xx. 20, 1598, 8vo. Gosson also wrote, besides minor poetical pieces, the three following dramas, which were not printed: 5. Catiline's Conspiracies. 6. The Comedie of Captain Mario. 7. Praise at Parting;— Morality.

"He was noted for his admirable penning of pastorals, being so excellent therein that he was ranked (by Meres in his Wit's Treasurie, 1598) with Sir Ph. Sidney, Tho. Chaloner, Edm. Spencer, Abrah. Fraunce, and Rich. Bernfield, noted poets of their time."Athen, Oxon.

Gostelo, Walter. 1. Letter to the Lord Protector, Lon., 1654, fol. 2. Charles Stewart and Oliver Cromwell united, 1655, 8vo. 3. The Coming of God in Mercy, in Vengeance; beginning with Fire, to convert or consume, at this so sinful City London: oh! London, London, 1658, 8vo.

"The medical term hallucination, as defined by Dr. Ferrar in his scientific and rational Theory of Apparitions, may be well applied to describe the state of the author's mind when he wrote this singular book.”—Restituta, iii. 100-120, where see copious extracts. Gostling, Wm., 1705-1777, Vicar of Stone, in the Island of Oxney, and minor canon of the cathedral of Canterbury. 1. A Walk in and about the City of Canter2. On a Fire Ball, &c., Phil. Trans., 1741.

Gosnell, Thomas K. Book-keeping, Lon., 1796, 4to. Goswold, Paul. Serm., Oxon., 1644, 4to. Goss, Prothesia S. 1. The Philanthropist, Lon., 12mo. 2. Spirit of Sectarianism. 3. The Piedmontese Envoy; or, The Men, Manners, and Religion of the Commonwealth, 1844, 12mo.

"An agreeably-written picture of the times of the Commonwealth."-Lon. Spectator.

Gosse, Philip Henry, b. 1810, at Worcester, England, was removed in infancy to Poole, in Dorsetshire. He resided eight years in Newfoundland, three years in Lower Canada, and one year in Alabama. 1. The Canadian Naturalist, Lon., 1840, p. 8vo; 44 illust.

"This work contains the observations of the author when wandering, throughout the seasons of several years, in the woods and fields of Lower Canada."—Advertisement.

"An elegant volume, comprising much information, the result of local knowledge."-Asiatic Journal.

"Replete with interesting observation and good feeling. The

wood-cuts are real ornaments to a text which could well afford to stand without embellishment."-Colonial Magazine.

"A more delightful and instructive book for readers of all ages can scarcely be conceived."-United Service Gazette.

2. Birds of Jamaica, 1847, p. 8vo. Illust. to do., imp. 8vo. "A very attractive and original volume, valuable to the naturalist for its information, and acceptable to the general reader for its lifelike descriptions of the habits of the birds and the landscapes in which they are found, as well as for incidental glimpses of colonial manners and habits."-Lon. Spectator.

3. Nat. Hist. of Birds, Mammals, Reptiles, and Fishes, 1848-51, 4 vols. fp. 8vo. 4. Ocean Described. New ed., 1849, 12mo. 5. British Ornithology; 70 col'd illust., 1849, sq. New ed. 1853.

"This was a book much wanted, and will prove a boon of no common value, containing, as it does, the names, descriptions, and habits of all the British birds, handsomely got up."-Lon. Mirror.

6. Rivers of the Bible, illustrated, 1850, p. 8vo; 2d ed. 1854. 7. Hist. of the Jews, 1851, p. 8vo. 8. A Naturalist's Sojourn in Jamaica, 1851, p. 8vo. 9. Text-Book of Zoology for Schools, 1851, 12mo. 10. Assyria, 1852, p. 8vo. 11. A Naturalist's Rambles on the Devonshire Coast, 1853, p. 8vo. 12. The Aquarium; an Unveiling of the Wonders of the Deep, 1854, 8vo.

"If it once gets a lodgment in drawing-room or school-room, we may safely trust to every boy and girl of spirit that there will be very little peace in that devoted household till it has made an attempt at an Aquarium."-Blackwood's Mag., Aug. 1855.

See

Gostwyke, Roger. Trans. of Polanus's treat. on Predestination, Camb., 1599, 8vo.

Gostwyke, Wm. Serms., 1685, '92, '96, all 4to.
Goswell, John. Discourses, 1715, 8vo.

Gosynhyll, Edward. The Prayse of all Women, called Muleru Pean. Very fruytfull and delectable vnto all the reders. "Loke and rede who that can,

This booke is prayse to eche woman.”
Lon., sine anno, (1544?) 4to, pp. 40. Black-letter.
Very rare. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 917, £31 108; resold at
Saunders's, in 1818, £22 18. Hibbert, 3482, £11 11s.
The poet was not ashamed of his performance, for he
concludes with-

"Yf question be moved who is thyne authour,
Be not addrad to utter his name,

Say EDWARDE GOSYNHYLL toke the labour," &e. Gotch, F. W. On the word BAITIZO, &c., Lon., 8vo, 8. a.

His

Gother, John, d. 1704, a native of Southampton, a member of the Church of England, became a Roman Catholic priest, resided chiefly in London, and wrote a number of controversial works. His style is commended by Dryden as a masterpiece. His principal work, A Papist Misrepresented and Represented, 1665, 4to, which was answered by Sherlock, Stillingfleet, &c., we have already noticed, (see CHALLONER, RICHARD, D.D.,) and refer the reader to Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1087, 1088. Nubes Testium, 1686, 4to, also excited some controversy. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1089. A new ed. of his Sincere Christian's Guide in the Choice of Religion was pub. in 1804, 18mo. A new ed. of his Lessons on the Feasts was put forth by Husenbeth, 1846, 2 vols. 12mo. A new ed. of his Sinner's Complaint to God was pub. by Mr. Dolman, bookseller, London, 1839, 12mo. There have been various eds. of separate treatises of Gother's; and a collective ed. of his Spiritual Works, consisting of his Moral and Devotional Writings, appeared in 1790, 16 vols. 12mo, Newcastle. To his literary merits we have the following testimony by an eminent authority:

"The reader of Gother's works will, perhaps, think with the present writer, that no composition in the English language ap proaches nearer to the severe and nervous simplicity of the best writings of the Dean of St. Patrick's."-CHARLES BUTLER,

Gotselin, d. 1098, a Frenchman, a monk of the monastery of St. Bertin, was brought to England by Hereman in 1058, and became a monk of Canterbury. His principal work was a series of lives and miracles of Saints more especially connected with Canterbury. For an account of Gotselin, his works, and edits. of them, we refer the reader to Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. biographies. They consist chiefly of inflated versions of the "We find little original matter of any importance in Gotselin's simpler style of the older writers; on which account Fabricius compares him to the Greek hagiographer Simeon Metaphrastes.”—

Gott, Samuel. An Essay of the True Happiness of Man, Lon., 1650, 8vo.

Gouge, Thomas, 1605-1681, a native of Bow, justly celebrated for his zeal in good works, was the son of William Gouge, D.D. He was educated at Eton School and King's Coll., Camb., of which he became Fellow. In 1638 he was presented to St. Sepulchre's, and laboured there zealously in the discharge of his ministerial duties until 1662, when the Act of Uniformity silenced his preaching. He now devoted himself to the propagation of religion,

especially in Wales, where his schools soon numbered in time between 300 and 400, all of which he visited at least once every year. He had printed 8000 copies of the Bible in Welsh, and had trans. into the same language The Practice of Piety, The Whole Duty of Man, The Church Catechism, &c. He used to say that he had "two livings which he would not exchange for two of the greatest in England." He referred to Wales and to Christ's Hospital, London, where he instructed the children in the principles of religion. But time-and surely our space-would fail to tell the tenth part of this good man's efforts for the glory of God and the salvation of man. When at last called, at the ripe age of seventy-seven, to rest from his labours, his death was regarded as a public loss. The great Dr. Tillotson, who preached a most affecting sermon in honour of his memory, declared that,

"All things considered, there have not since the primitive times of Christianity been many among the Sons of Men to whom that glorious Character of the Son of God might be better applied-that he went about doing good. And Wales may as worthily boast of this truly Apostolical Man as of their famous St. David."

We have other testimonies to the same effect: "But Mr. Gouge's most eminent distinction was his unwearied diligence in doing good, in which he had a most singular sagacity and prudence in contriving the most effectual means for it."-DR. THOMAS BIRCH: Life of Archbishop Tillotson.

"I never heard any one person, of whatever rank, sort, or sect soever, speak one word to his dishonour, or name any fault that they charged on his life and doctrine."-RICHARD BAXTER: Narrative of his own Life and Times. "The excellent Gouge! My honoured Gouge!... It is lamentable to see the ignorance and wickedness yet remaining even in many parts of the British dominions in Wales, in the Highlands, and in Ireland. Are the Gouges all dead?"-COTTON MATHER: Essays to do Good.

...

tion of souls."- Williams's C. P.

This excellent man pub. a biography of his father, prefixed to the works of the latter, 1665. Several serms., 1663, 73, 77, 79. The Principles of the Christian Religion Explained, 1679. The Young Man's Guide to Heaven, Christian Directions, and A Word to Sinners and a Word to Saints, 1681. An accession serm. was pub. after his death, 1717; and a collective ed. of his works, with Dr. Tillotson's Funeral Serm., was pub. in 1706, 8vo. "Gouge's Works are, like their venerable author, full of piety, charity, humility, and moderation; in a word, full of practical wisdom, accompanied with zeal for the glory of God and the salvaOf The Surest and Safest Way of Thriving, viz., by Charity to the Poor; a Serm. on Matt. x. 41, 42, 1673, 4to. A new ed. was issued in 1852, 18mo; and another in the present month, May, 1856, fp. 8vo, with Prefatory Remarks by Baxter, and Drs. Owen, Manton, Bates, and T. Binney, and a Sketch of the Author's Life by the latter. The Young Man's Guide to Heaven has also been republished. The practice of this good man in the matter of "giving," accorded with his precept: for when his annual income was reduced to £150, he gave away the £100 and lived on the £50.

Gouge, William, D.D., 1575-1653, a native of Bow, father of the preceding, was educated at Eton School and King's Coll., Camb.; Rector of St. Ann, Blackfriars, London, 1608-53; one of the Assembly of Divines, 1643. He was one of those who protested against the murder of Charles L. 1. The World's Great Restoration, (written by H. Finch,) Lon., 1621, 4to. 2. Explan. of the Lord's Prayer, 1626, 4to. 3. Domestical Duties, 1626, fol. 4. The Whole Armour of God, 1627, fol. 5. Works, in 4 parts, 1627, fol. 6. God's Three Arrows, 1631, 4to. 7. Comment. on Ps. cxvi., 1632, 4to. 8. Serm., 1642, 4to. 9. Serm., 1646, 4to. 10. Comment. on the Hebrews, with Life of Thomas Gouge, 1655, 2 vols. fol. This excellent work contains the substance of nearly one thousand sermons delivered on lectures on Wednesday for thirty years!

"A very full, evangelical, and practical commentary."-Bickersteth's C. S. "Gouge was a learned and pious divine, and a good textman: he was counted (whilst he lived) the father of the London minis

ters."-LEIGH.

"For forty-five years he was the laborious. the exemplary, and the much-loved minister of St. Anne's, Blackfriars, where none ever thought or spoke ill of him but such as were inclined to think or speak ill of religion itself."-GRANGER.

Gouge, William M., b. Nov. 10, 1796, at Philadelphia, was for many years engaged in the preparation of the Documents in the Treasury Department of the U. S. 1. A Short History of Paper Money and Banking in the U. S., including An Inquiry into the Principles of the System, with considerations of its effects on Morals and Happiness, Philada., 1833, 12mo, pp. 396; 2d ed., Philad., 1842. This work has attracted considerable attention throughout Europe and America. A mutilated edition of the first part was republished in England by Wm. Cobbett,

under the title of "The Curse of Paper Money." An abridgment of the work appeared in La Revue Universelle, Brussels. See McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. 2. An Inquiry into the Expediency of dispensing with Bank Agency and with Bank Paper in the Fiscal Concerns of the U. States, 1837, pp. 56. 3. History of the American Banking System, 12mo, N. Y., 1835. 4. The Fiscal History of Texas, 8vo, pp. 327, Philad., 1852. Mr. Gouge has edited several journals, and has contributed for the last thirty years many valuable articles on banks and banking to various journals of the Union. Gough, C. J. Serm., Lon., 1794, 4to. Gough, J. The Strange Discovery; a Tragi-Comedy, Lon., 1640, 4to.

Gough, J. Discourse, &c., 1789, '91, both 8vo. Gough, John. 1. Godly Boke, Lon., 1561, 16mo. 2. Answer to Freeman, 1570, 8vo.

Gough, John. Ecclesiæ Anglicana Threnodia. In qua perturbatissimus Regni et Ecclesiæ Status sub Anabaptistica Tyrannida lugetur, Londini, 1661, 8vo.

Gough, John. Hist. of the Quakers, from their first Rise to the present time; compiled from authentic Records and from the Writings of that People, Dubl., 1789–90, 4 vols. 8vo.

Gough, John. 1. Positions of Sonorous Bodies, 1807. 2. Con. to Nicholson's Jour., 1798-1813. See Bibl. Brit.

Gough, John B., a celebrated temperance lecturer, b. 1817, at Sandgate, in Kent, England, removed to the United States at the age of twelve years, has pub. his Autobiography, Lon., 1846, '53, 18mo, and his Orations, 1854, 18mo. A Sketch of his Life, by Rev. W. Reid, was pub. in 1854, sq.

Mr. Gough has accomplished an incalculable amount of good by his advocacy of the only remedy for nine-tenths of the crime and pauperism which afflict Great Britain and the United States. See BEECHER, LYMAN, D.D.

Gough, Richard, 1735–1809, "The Camden of the 18th century," has been already noticed in our article on the illustrious antiquary just named; but a detailed account of Mr. Gough and his labours-principally from his 343; and see other vols. of that excellent work. He was own pen-will be found in Nichols's Lit. Anec., vi. 262a native of London, educated at Bene't Coll., Camb.; and, being the inheritor of a large fortune, devoted his life to the zealous prosecution of antiquarian research. Among his principal works, in addition to his edit. of the Britannia, already particularly noticed by us, are, 1. Anecdotes of British Topography, Lon., 1768, 4to. Enlarged, 1780, 2 vols. 4to. This last impression was corrected with a view to a third ed., and presented to the author's friend, John Nichols:

"Who will readily relinquish his right if the respectable Curators of the Oxford Press think proper to undertake a new Edition." Nichols's Lit. Anec., vi. 273.

Respecting this subject, see Preface, p. 2, to Mr. Upcott's Bibliographical Account of the Principal Works relating to English Topography, Lon., 1818, 3 vols. 8vo. 2. Sepulchral Monuments in Great Britain, applied to illustrate the History of Families, Manners, Habits, and Arts at the different periods from the Norman Conquest to the 17th century. Vol. i., containing the first four centuries from the Conquest, 1786, fol. Vol. ii., containing the 15th century, 1796, fol. Introduction to vol. ii., 1799. Vol. ii. consists of three Parts, and the whole work is generally described as in 3 vols. fol., bound in 5. Many copies of this work, particularly of the 3d vol., were destroyed by fire, and the whole work is seldom found free from stains. A perfect set is worth from £55 to £62, according to binding and condition. See collation in Lowndes's Bibl. Man. Mr. Gough had made extensive preparations for a new edit., and the drawings, &c. collected with this design form part of his bequest to the Bodleian Library. Its appearance elicited enthusiastic commendations, of which we quote some specimens:

"I found here your most magnificent present of the Second Volume of Sepulchral Monuments, the most splendid work I ever saw, and which I congratulate myself on having lived long enough to see. Indeed, I congratulate my country on its appearance exactly at so illustrious a moment," &c.-HORACE WALPOLE.

"This truly magnificent work would alone have been sufficient to perpetuate his fame, and the credit of the Arts in England; where few works of superior splendour have before or since appeared. The independent master of an ample fortune, he was in all respects pre-eminently qualified for the labours of an Antiquary; the pain of whose researches can but rarely meet an adequate remuneration. This magnificent work must long ago have convinced the world that he possessed not only the most indefatigable perseverance, but an ardour which no expense could possibly deter."-Nichols's Lil. Anec.: ubi supra.

A minor work (1794, 4to) of Mr. Gough-but one of great interest to the bibliographer-is the Account of the Bedford Missal, presented by Henry VI. to the Duchess of Bedford; purchased by Mr. Edwards at the Duchess of Portland's sale. Mr. Edwards gave for this splendid MS., in 1786, £213. He was twice or thrice offered 500 guineas for it. It was purchased at his sale in 1815, by the Marquis of Blandford-the purchaser of the Valdarfer Boccaccio for £2240!-for £687 158. Mr. Gough pronounces it the finest example of the art of that period (opening of the 15th century) he had ever seen. Refer to Gough's Account, Dibdin's Bibliographical Decameron, and Edwards's Sale Catalogue, 1815. Mr. Gough's library, prints, antiquities, &c. were sold in 1810, and produced £4069 98. 6d. The bibliographer must possess this catalogue, and also the Catalogue of his Books relating to Topography, &c. bequeathed to the Bodleian Library, Oxf., 1814, 4to. The character of this eminent antiquary has been thus eloquently sketched by Dr. Dibdin:

The

"While the greater number of his associates might have been emulous of distinguishing themselves in the gaieties of the table or the chace, it was the peculiar feeling and master passion of young Gough's mind to be constantly looking upon every artificial object without as food for meditation and record. mouldering turret and the crumbling arch, the moss-covered stone and the obliterated inscription, served to excite, in his mind, the most ardent sensations, and to kindle that fire of antiquarian research, which afterwards never knew decay which burnt with undiminished lustre at the close of his existence, and which prompted him, when in the full enjoyment of his bodily faculties, to explore long-deserted castles and mansions, to tread longneglected by-ways, and to snatch from impending oblivion many a precious relick, and many a venerable ancestry. He is the CAMDEN of modern times. He spared no labour, no toil, no expence, to obtain the best information; and to give it publicity, when obtained, in a manner the most liberal and effective."Nichols's Typograph. Antiq. of G. Brit.

As an evidence of Gough's early love of letters, we may cite his trans. from the French of the History of the Bible (160 folio sheets) performed between the ages of 11 and 12 years; and a trans. from the French of Claude Fleury's Custom of the Israelites, performed when in his sixteenth year. Gough, Strickland. Serms., 1709, '13, '14, all 8vo. Gough, Strickland. Serms., &c., 1733-75, all 8vo. Gough, Wm. Londinum Triumphans; or, an Hist. Acct. of the grand Influence the Actions of the City of London have had upon the Affairs of the Nation for many Ages past, Lon., 1682, 8vo.

Gough, Wm. Discourses, 1695, 12mo.
Goughe, Alex. The Queen; or, the Excellency of

her Sex, Lon, 1653, 4to.

Goughe, Hugh. House of Ottomano, &c., Lon.,

8. a., 8vo.

Goulburn, Edward. 1. The Blueviad; a Satirical Poem, 1805, 8vo. 2. The Pursuits of Fashion; a Satirical Poem, 1812. 3. Edward de Montfort; a Nov., 1812, 3 vols. Goulburn, Edward Meyrick, D.D., Master of Rugby School. 1. Serm., 1 Sam. xix. 20, Lon., 1849, 8vo. 2. The Doctrine of the Resurrection of the same Body, as taught in Holy Scripture; Eight Serms.: Bampton Lectures, 1850, Oxf., 1850, 8vo. 3. Devotional Forms, Lon., 1851, 12mo. 4. Treat. on Grammar, 1852, 12mo. 5. Parochial and other Serms., Oxf., 1853, 8vo.

Gould, Augustus Addison, M.D., b. April 23, 1805, at New Ipswich, N. Hampshire, received the degree of Bachelor of Arts at Harvard, 1825, and of Doctor of Medicine, 1830. 1. Lamarck's Genera of Shells, with a List of Species; translated from the French, Bost., 1833, 12mo. 2. A System of Natural History; containing Scientific and Popular Descriptions of Various Animals, &c., 1833, r. 8vo. Of this valuable work many editions have been issued. 3. Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts, Camb., 1841, 8vo. 4. Principles of Zoology, by Louis Agassiz and Augustus A. Gould, Bost., 1848, 12mo; 2d ed., revised and enlarged, 1851. This work was

republished in Bohn's Scientific Library, Lon., 1851. Trans. into German by Prof. Bronn; pub. at Stuttgard,

1851.

"The design of this work is to furnish an epitome of the leading principles of the science of zoology as deduced from the present state of knowledge, so illustrated as to be intelligible to the beginning student. No similar treatise exists; and, indeed, some of the topics have not been touched upon before, unless in a

strictly technical form and in scattered articles."-Extract from the Preface.

"A work emanating from so high a source hardly requires commendation to give it currency. The volume is prepared for the student in zoological science; it is simple and elementary in its style, full in its illustrations, comprehensive in its range, yet well condensed, and brought into the narrow compass requisite for the purpose intended."-Silliman's Journal.

"This work places us in possession of information half a century in advance of all our elementary works on this subject.... No

work of the same dimensions has ever appeared in the English language containing so much new and valuable information on the subject of which it treats."-PROF. JAMES HALL, of Albany,

5. The Terrestrial Air-breathing Mollusks of the United States and the Adjacent Territories of North America; text and 1 vol. plates, Boston, 1851-55. described and illustrated by Amos Binney, 2 vols. 8vo; A Posthumous work, edited and completed by A. A. Gould. Dr. Gould has prefixed to this splendid work a biographical Memoir of its distinguished author. 6. Mollusca and Shells; being vol. xii. of the United States Exploring Expedition, 1852, 4to, with an atlas of plates, and fol. 7. History of New Ipswich, N. Hampshire, from its First Grant in 1736 to 1852, by A. A. Gould and Frederic Kidder, Bost., 1852, 8vo. Dr. Gould has edited and contributed many valuable articles to various scientific and medical journals.

Gould, Benjamin Apthorp, Jr., b. Sept. 27, 1824, in Boston; grad. at Harvard Coll., 1844, and at Gottingen, 1848; Associate Royal Astronomical Soc., 1854; appointed Director of the Dudley Observatory, Albany, N.Y., 1856. Dr. Gould established in 1849 the Astronomical Journal, which he edits with great ability. It now (1858) makes four large quarto vols. The Solar Parallax, (U.S. Naval Astron. Exp.,) Washington, 1857, pp. 230, 4to. He has contrib. to the U.S. Coast Survey Reports, 1852-57, Astronomische Nachrichten, 1847-56, Amer. Jour. of Sci., Proc. Amer. Assoc. for Adv. of Science, N. Amer. Rev., Christian Examiner, New York Quarterly, &c.

Mr. Everett, in his Discourse on the Uses of Astronomy, delivered at Albany on the 28th of August, 1856, on occasion of the inauguration of the Dudley Observatory, notices among the happy auspices under which the Observatory commenced its history that it was "committed to the immediate supervision of an astronomer (Dr. B. A. Gould, Jr.) to whose distinguished talent has been added the advantage of a thorough scientific education in the most renowned universities of Europe, and who, as the editor of the American Astronomical Journal, has shown himself to be fully qualified for the high trust." p. 15.

Gould, Edward S., b. 1808, Litchfield, Conn., a merchant of N. York, is a son of the late Judge James Gould of Connecticut, author of a celebrated Treatise on the Principles of Pleading in Civil Actions; see post. 1. Travels in Egypt; translated from Dumas, 1838. 2. DemoGrandet; trans. from Balzac, 1841. cracy in France; trans. from Dumas, 1839. 3. Eugenie 4. Father Goriot; trans. from Balzac, 1842. 5. The Sleep-Rider; a burlesque

tale, 1842. 6. Abridgment of Alison's Hist. of Europe, 1843. 7. The Very Age; a Comedy, 1850. Also a conauthor of several translations from Victor Hugo and A. tributor to many literary and theological journals, and the Royer, in addition to those above noted.

Gould, Hannah Flagg, a native of Lancaster, Vermont, removed in early life to Newburyport, Massachu setts, where she has since resided. In 1832 she pub. a vol. of poems, which had originally appeared in the periodicals of the day. In 1835 a second, and in 1841 s third, vol. were given to the world. The number of edits. of these productions is the best proof of the extensive popularity of the author. Encouraged by such success, in 1846 she pub. a collection of her prose articles, under and in 1850 favoured the reading public with a volume the title of Gathered Leaves, or Miscellaneous Papers, of New Poems. In the same year appeared The Diosma : The Youth's Coronal, a book of poems for little people. a perennial-a vol. of poems selected and original;-and She has since pub.-in 1853-The Mother's Dream, and

other poems.

"In truth, the great power of her poetry is its moral application. This hallows every object she looks upon, and ennobles every incident she celebrates. She takes lowly and homely themes, but she turns them to the light of heaven, and they are beautiful and refined and elevated.”—Mrs. Hale's Woman's Record.

See also Griswold's Female Poets of America. College, became widely known as Professor in the Law Gould, Judge James, 1770-1838, educated at Yale School at Litchfield, Connecticut. In 1816 he was appointed Judge of the Superior Court and Supreme Court of Errors in Connecticut. A memoir of this distinguished ornament of the legal profession will be found in G. H. Hollister's Hist. of Connecticut, vol. ii. A Treatise on the Principles of Pleading in Civil Actions, 1832, 8vo; 2d ed., N. York, 1836, 8vo; 3d ed., Burlington, 1849, 8vo. This work is compiled from the lectures delivered by Judge Gould in the course of his duties at Litchfield. "We should be pleased to find Judge Gould's production in the hands of every student, alongside of Mr. Stephen's."-Hoffman's Leg. Stu., xxxviii. 1.

The work does not enter much into details, but as a concise and accurate collection and statement of the principles of Pleading it is not equalled by any similar production except Serjeant Ste

phen's. Gould's Pleading is a legal classic of the highest order, and has placed its author among the very best legal writers of the age." See Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 342; 8 A. J., 74; 15,495; 1 L. R., 53. Gould, John, an eminent naturalist, b. at Lyme, Dorsetshire, England, Sept. 14, 1804, displayed in early life a taste for those pursuits the successful prosecution of which has gained him such merited distinction. 1. A Century of Birds from the Himalaya Mountains, Lon., 1831-32, imp. fol., £14 148. 2. Birds of Europe, 1832-37, 5 vols. imp. fol., £76 88. 6d. 3. Monograph of the Ramphastidæ; or, Family of Toucans, 1834, imp. fol., £7. 4. Icones Avium, 1837-38, Pts. 1 and 2, imp. fol., 358. each. 5. Monograph of the Trogonidae; or, Family of Trogons, 1838, imp. fol.,

£8. In 1838 Mr. Gould visited Australia with the laudable design of studying the natural productions of that country. As the result of this visit, we have the following splendid work: 6. The Birds of Australia, 1842-51, 7 vols. imp. fol., £115. A Synopsis of this work has been pub., imp. 8vo, at 258. each Pt. 7. Monograph of the Macropodidæ ; or, Family of Kangaroos, 1841-42, imp. fol., Pts. 1 and 2, each £3 38. 8. Monograph of the Odontophorinæ; or, Partridges of America, 1844-46, imp. fol., £8 88. 9. Mammals of Australia, 1845, Pts. 1 and 2, imp. fol., each £3 38. 10. Trochilidæ; or, Family of Humming Birds, 1850, Pt. 1, imp. fol., £3 38. To Mr. Gould's knowledge and taste the public is indebted for the collection of Humming Birds now exhibited in the Gardens of the Zoological Society, Regent's Park, London. This collection should be examined, after an attentive perusal of W.C. L. Martin's General History of the Trochilidæ, with especial reference to the Collection of J. Gould, F.R.S., &c. This volume ranges with Jardine's Naturalist's Library, and completes the Humming Birds in that series. We should not omit to give Mr. Gould credit for his labours in aiding to prepare the department of "Birds" in the Zoology of the Voyage of H. M. S. Beagle. In this vol. will be found a notice of their habits and ranges by CHARLES DARWIN, q. v.

Gould, John W., 1814-1838, a native of Litchfield, Conn., a brother of Edward S. Gould, and son of Judge James Gould, contributed a number of articles to the New York Mirror, and the Knickerbocker Magazine, in the years 1834-35. These were collected after his death and privately printed by his brothers in 1839, 8vo. The Tales and Sketches of the vol. entitled Forecastle Yarns were

pub. by the New World Press in 1843, and a new ed. by Stringer and Townsend, N. York, 1854. See Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.

Gould, Lucius D., b. 1814, in N. Jersey, America. House-Carpenter's and Joiner's Assistant, N. York, 4to. Gould, M. T. The Stenographic Reporter; a monthly Journal, Washington, 1840-41, 2 vols. 8vo.

Gould, Nathaniel D., of Boston, Mass. 1. Companion to the Psalmist. 2. National Church Harmony. 3. Sabbath School Harmony. 4. Social Harmony. 5. Sacred Minstrel. 6. Beauties of Writing. 7. Writing Master's Assistant. 8. Progressive Penmanship. 9. Hist. of Church Music in America.

Gould, Robert. 1. Ludus Scacchia; a Satyr, with other Poems, Lon., 1675, 8vo. 2. Poems, chiefly consisting of Satyrs and Satyrical Pieces, 1689, 8vo. 3. The Corruption of the Times by Money; a Satyr, 1693, fol. Gould, W. T. Address Introduc. to the 2d Course of Lectures in the Law School at Augusta, Augusta, 1835,8vo. Gould, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1676, 4to.

Gould, Wm. Con. on nat. philos., &c. to Phil. Trans., 1684.

Gould, Wm. English Ants, Lon., 1747, 8vo. Gould, Wm. Serm., 1774, 4to. Gould, Wm. Trans. of A Short Discourse of the Sacrament, by Maurus Rabanus, Aberd., 1624, 12mo. Gould, Wm. M. Zephyrs from Italy and Sicily, N. York, 1852, 16mo. Highly commended.

Goulde, Wm. Serms., 1672, '74, '76, '82, all 4to. Goulding, Rev. F. R., of Kingston, Georgia. Robert and Harold; or, The Young Marooners on the Florida Coast, Phila., 1852, 18mo.

"I have read the Young Marooners in MS. with exceeding interest, and think it one of the most attractive books for the young I have ever seen. My group of children, to whom I read it, with unanimous acclaim pronounced the book to be equal to Robinson Crusoe. A child's verdict cannot give higher praise."-REV. JOHN S. C. ABROTT.

"We do not hesitate to say that it is a remarkable little book; and will undoubtedly become a great favourite with the young, as it well deserves the confidence and favour of parents."-Phila. Biblical Repertory.

therhithe.

Gourdon. Request to R. Catholics, Lon., 1687, 4to. Gourdon, Sir Robert. Receipt to Cure Mad Dogs or their bite; Phil. Trans., 1687.

Gourlay, John. Art of War, 1809, 8vo. Gourlay, Robert. 1. Reform, 1809, 8vo. 2. Lett. to Earl of Kellie, 1809, 8vo. 3. Upper Canada, 1822, 3

vols. 8vo.

Gourlay, Wm., M.D. 1. Diseases of Jamaica, 17831808, Lon., 1811, 8vo. 2. Con. to Med. Com., 1785, '91. Gove, Rev. Richard. Theolog. treatises, 1650-54. Goveanus, Thomas. 1. Ars Sciendi, Lon., 1682, 8vo. 2. Logica Elenatica, Dubl., 1683, 12mo.

Govett, R. Theolog. works, Lon., 1841-53. Govett, R., Jr. Expos. of Isaiah, Lon., 1841, 8vo. "Some valuable remarks on the prophecies, but too little regarding their past fulfilment."-Bickersteth's C. S. Other theological works.

Gow, Neil. 1. Reports N. P. Ct., C. P., and Oxf. Cir., M. T., 1818, to E. T., 1820, Lon., 1828, 8vo. 2. Prac. Treat. on Law of Partnership, 3d ed., with addits., 1841, r. 8vo. 2d Amer. ed., with Notes and ref. to Amer. Cases, Phila., and Append. to 1844, Phila., 1837-45, 8vo. 3d Amer. ed.

"Mr. Ingraham has enriched this work by a series of learned notes, in which the American cases are diligently collected, and the force and application of them ably considered."-Kent's Com. Gowar, F. R. Chem. con. to Nic. Jour., 1811. Gower. Patriotic Songster, &c., Lon., 1793, 12mo. Gower, Foote, M.D. 1. Sketch of the Materials for a new Hist. of Cheshire, &c., Lon., 1771, 4to; 2d ed., Chester, 1772, 4to; 3d ed., by Wm. Latham, 1800, who pub. an Address to the Public on the subject, as did also (1772, 4to)

Dr. Foote.

Gower, Humphrey, D.D., Master of St. John's Coll., Camb. 1. Two Funl. Serms., 1685, 4to. 2. Serm., 1685.

Gower, John, 1325?-1402, the contemporary and friend of Chaucer, is entitled to some share of the honours

which principally pertain to the latter as the Father of English Poetry. The personal history of Gower-Sir John Gower, so some, Judge Gower, so others-is involved in great obscurity. All that can be considered settled is that he was a student of law in the Inner Temple, learned in his profession, a man of substance, and in high esteem with his contemporaries, and lost his sight about three considerable portion of ancient magnificence," is still to years before his death. His monument, which retains "a

be seen in St. Saviour's Church.

"It is of the Gothic style, covered with three arches, the roof within springing into many angles, under which lies the statue of the deceased, in a long purple gown; on his head a coronet of roses, resting on three volumes entitled Vox Clamantis, Speculum Meditantis and Confessio Amantis. His dress has given rise to some of those conjectures respecting his history which cannot now be determined, as his being a knight, a judge, etc."

His principal work consists of three parts, only the third of which-finished in 1393-has been printed: I. Speculum Meditantis, or the Mirrour of Meditation; in French rhymes, ten books: it treats of the nature of virtue and vice; conjugal fidelity; the duty and mode of repentance. II. Vox Clamantis, or the Voice of one crying in the Wilderness, contains in seven books of Latin elegiacs a metrical chronicle of the insurrection of the Commons in the reign of Richard the Second. III. The Confessio Amantis, or the Lover's Confession, is an English poem in eight books, (said to contain 30,000 verses,) written by command of Richard the Second, who, "meeting our poet Gower rowing on the Thames near London, invited him into the royal barge, and after much conversation requested him to book some new thing.""

"It is on the last of these pieces-the CONFESSIO AMANTIS-that Gower's character and reputation as a poet are almost entirely founded. This poem, which bears no immediate reference to the other two divisions, is a dialogue between a lover and his confessor, who is a priest of Venus, and, like the mystagogue in the PICTURE of Cebes, is called Genius. Here, as if it had been imposapplied to the tender passion, and Ovid's Art of Love is blended sible for a lover not to be a good Catholic, the ritual of religion is with the breviary. In the course of the confession, every evil

affection of the human heart which may tend to impede the progress or counteract the success of love, is scientifically subdivided, and its fatal effects exemplified by a variety of apposite stories, extracted from classics and chronicles. The poet often introduces or recapitulates his matter in a few couplets of Latin long and short verses. This was in imitation of Boethius."-Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poetry.

The reader must carefully peruse Warton's elaborate criticism on Gower's productions. For the biographical detail of the little that is known, and that which is surmised, respecting the author, he must refer to Dr. Campbell's Life of Gower, in the Biog. Brit., from which we shall quote some ancient opinions respecting Gower's merits as a poet. Even in the lighter strains of his muse he sought to be the instructor of the dark age in which his lot was cast. He is well entitled to the honourable appellation, conferred upon him by the most illustrious English poet of the times, of Moral Gower:

"O moral Gower! this boke I directe

To the, and to the philosophicall strode,
To vouchsafe there nede is for to correcte
Of your benignities and zelis gode."

Conclusion of Troilus and Cresside.

It is not perhaps altogether irrelevant to show that Gower was not insensible to the merits of his fellow-poet and literary disciple. In the Confessio Amantis he makes Venus pay the following tribute to Chaucer:

"And grete wel Chaucer, when ye mete,

As my disciple and my poéte:

For in the flowers of his youth
In sundry wise, as he well couthe,

Of ditees and of songés glade

The which he for my sake made," &c. Gower subsequently omitted these verses, and it is supposed that the friendship which subsisted between these eminent scholars and poets suffered some interruption in the latter part of their lives; but this presumption is not beyond doubt, nor is it a theme upon which we care to linger.

to

Berthelette, in dedicating Gower's Confessio Amantis K. Henry VIII., is enthusiastic in its commendation: "And who so ever in redynge of this worke doth consider it well, shall fynde that it is plentifully stuffed and fournished with mani folde eloquent reasons, sharpe and quicke argumentes, and examples of great aucthoritie, perswadynge unto vertue, not only taken out of the poets, oratours, historie-writers, and philosophers, but also out of the holy scripture. There is to my dome no man but that he maie by readinge of this worke get righte great knowledge, as well for the understandynge of many and divers auctours, whose reasons, sayenges, and histories, are translated in to this worke, as for the pleintie of English words and vulgars, beside the furtherance of the life to vertue."

Putltenham, treating of the parents of English poetry, remarks:

"I will not reach above the time of King Edward the third and Richard the second, for any that wrote in English metre; because, before their times, by reason of the late Norman Conquest, which had brought into this realm much alteration both of our language and lawes, and therewithall a certain martial barbarousnes, whereby the study of all good learning was so much decayed, as long after no man, or very few, intended to write on any laudable science; so as beyond that time there is little or nothing worth commendation to be founde written in this arte. And those of the first age were Chaucer and Gower, both of them, as I suppose, Knightes. After whom followed John Lidgate, the Monke of Bury, and that nameless, who wrote the Satyre called Piers Plowman."-Art of English Poesie.

"In the Italian language the first that made it to aspire to be a Treasure-House of Science were the poets Dante, Boccace, and Pe trarch. So in our English were Gower and Chaucer, after whom, encouraged and delighted with their excellent foregoing, others have followed to beautifie our mother tongue, as well in the same kind as other arts."-Sir Philip Sidney's Defence of Poesie.

"Gower being very gracious with King Henrie the fourth, in his time carried the name of the only poet; but his verses, to say truth, were poor and plaine, yet full of good and grave moralitie, but while he affected altogether the French phrase and words, made himself too obscure to his reader, beside his invention cometh far short of the promise of his titles."-PEACHAM: The Compleat Gentleman.

But Dr. Warton defends Gower and others, who share in the censure, against those critics who blame these writers for not adhering more closely to their own tongue :

"I close this section with an apology for Chaucer, Gower, and Occleve, who are supposed, by the severer etymologists, to have corrupted the purity of the English language by affecting to introduce so many foreign words and phrases. But if we attend only to the politics of the times, we shall find these poets, as also some of their successors, much less blameable in this respect than the critics imagine."

Read this satisfactory vindication-Hist. of Eng. Poet., Section xx., and see Section xix. for an account of Gower's works still in MS.

Mr. Hallam's opinion of Gower's merits as a poet seems to coincide very nearly with that of Peacham: "A vast interval must be made between Chaucer and any other English poet; yet Gower, his contemporary, though not, like him, a poet of nature's growth, had some effect in rendering the lan

guage less rude and exciting a taste for verse; if he never rises, he never sinks low; he is always sensible, polished, perspicuous, and not prosaic in the worst sense of the word."—Lit. Hist. of Europe.

We have referred to Warton's account of Gower's works in manuscript. In the History of English Poetry will be found copious extracts from the Cinquante Balades, or Fifty French Sonnets, which compose the "most curious and valuable part of Lord Gower's manuscript." In 1818, 4to, the entire contents of the MS., with the exception of "De Pacis Commendatione," was printed by Lord Gower, subsequently Duke of Sutherland, for the Members of the Roxburghe Club. Sir M. M. Sykes, 1628, £5 58. Boswell, 3045, £5 58. Dent, Pt. 2, 1206, £4 10%. Of the Confessio Amantis, the Confessyon of the Louer, the first ed. was printed by Caxton in 1493, (misprinted 1483,) fol.:

the poem

"The Roxburghe copy of this book produced the enormous sum of 3364., purchased by the Duke of Devonshire. The Merly copy was purchased for 3157. by the Duke of Marlborough; and, at the sale of the Duke's books, brought the sum of 2051. 16s. The pur chaser was Mr. George Watson Taylor: at the sale of whose library again in 1823. it was found to be imperfect, and sold for 571. 15s. -Dibdin's Lib. Comp.

found a full account of the Caxtonian ed. of the Confessio In Dibdin's Typ. Antiq. of G. Brit., i. 177–185, will be

Amantis.

Thomas Berthelette printed a second ed. in 1532, fol., and a third in 1554, fol. These have sold at prices ranging from £2 to £8 18s. 6d. each, according to condition, state of the bibliomania, &c. In addition to the authorities already cited, the reader must consult Todd's Illustrations of Gower and Chaucer, which has been noticed in our life of Chaucer; Ellis's Specimens of Early Eng. Poet.; Chalmers's British Poets; Brydges's ed. of Phillips's Theat. Poet. See an interesting anecdote respecting the Confessio Amantis, K. Charles I., and the Marquess of Worcester, in Mrs. Thomson's Recollections of Literary Characters and Celebrated Places, ii. 299-301. We may be excused for devoting so much space to an author who is almost unknown to the modern reader, when we have the high authority of Dr. Warton to justify us in the assertion that if Chaucer

"had not existed, the compositions of Gower would have been sufficient to rescue the reigns of Edward the Third and Richard the Second from the imputation of barbarism." Gower, John. Serm., 1772, 4to. Gower, Nathaniel. Serm., 1709, 4to. Gower, Richard. Children's Diseases, Lon.,1682,8vo. Gower, Richard Hall. 1. Seamanship, Lon., 1793, '96, 1808, 8vo. 2. Supp. to do., 1807, '10, 8vo. 3. Convoys, 1811, 8vo. 4. Naval Architecture, 1811, 8vo. Gower, Stanley. Serm., Lon., 1644, 4to. Grace, Henry. His History of his Life and Sufferings, Reading, Eng., 1764, 8vo, pp. 56.

The author's recital of the various hardships he underwent affords that painful entertainment we usually find in historical details of distress, especially when they have any thing of adven ture in them, as is the case with the present artless but affecting narrative."-Lon. Month. Rev.

Grace, Job. Serm., 2 Cor. xix. 6, 1710, 4to.

Grace, Sheffield. 1. A Survey of Tullaroan, or Grace's Parish, Dubl., 1819, 8vo. 2. Memoirs of the Family of Grace, Lon., 1823, 8vo. Both privately printed. For an account of these records of the Grace Family, and a notice of the Grace Mausoleum, Dubl., 1819, Svo, see Martin's Bibl. Cat. of Books Privately Printed.

Gracin, M. Horticult. con. to Phil. Trans., 1730. Grady, S. G. 1. Regis. of Voters Act, &c., Lon., 1843, 12mo. 2. Law of Fixtures, 1845, 12mo. 3. In conjunction with C. H. Scotland, Law and Practice, Crown side, Ct. of Q. B., 1844, 12mo.

Græm, C. Montis, R. Pietas in Patrem e vita decedentem, Edin., 1609, 4to.

Græme, John, 1748-1772, a native of Carnwarth, Lanarkshire, Scotland, composed a number of poems which were collected and pub. at Edin. in 1773, Svo.

"There are few of them entitled to superior praise, and certainly none that can justify the length to which the detail of his life and opinions has been extended." See Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Anderson's Poets; Park's Poets; Brit. Crit., vol. vii.

Græme, Wm., M.D. 1. Knowl. in Physic, Lon., In English, by Isaac Massay, 1730, 8vo. 1729, 8vo. 2. Historia Morbi Tho. Herdman, 1730, 8vo.

Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of, 1736-1811, reprinted an ed. of Griesbach's Greek Test. at his own expense. 1. Hints to the Clergy, Nobility, and Gentry. 2. Apeleutherus. This treats of theolog. subjects.

Grafton, H. D., Capt. U. States Artillery. Treatise on the Camp and March, &c., Bost., 1854, 12mo.