1804. CHU Churchey, William. Poems, Essays, &c., Lon., 1789, Ten Years' Residence on Mount LeChurchill, Col. banon, from 1842-52, Lon., 1854, 3 vols. 8vo. "A valuable and interesting work." Churchill, Lord. Letter to the King, fol. Churchill, Charles, 1731-1764, a native of Westminster, of which parish his father was curate, was educated at Westminster School, and resided for a short time at Trinity College, Cambridge. A clandestine marriage at an early age indicated a want of prudence, which was afterwards manifested in a remarkable degree. In 1756 he was ordained priest by Bishop Sherlock, and two years later succeeded his father in the curacy and lectureship of St. John's at Westminster. About this time his parishioners were much shocked by the very unclerical deportment of their pastor, who was more frequently to be found at the theatre than in his library, and who neglected the society of grave and reverend prelates for companionship with some of the most dissipated "men about town." External decency soon followed forsaken principles, and the clergyman shortly appeared, to the wonder of the town, in a blue coat, ruffles, and gold-laced hat! He had already tried his powers as a poet. The Bard, written in 1759, was rejected by the booksellers, and The Conclave, a satire upon the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, was suppressed by the influence of Churchill's friends. In 1761, after being rethe perfused five guineas for The Rosciad-a satire upon formers at Drury Lane and Covent-Garden theatres-he pub. it at his own risk in March, 1761. Its success surpassed his most extravagant hopes. The Critical Reviewers showed it no mercy, and Churchill retorted in The Apology. Dr. Pearce, the Dean of Westminster, took the triumphant and gratified author seriously to task for such dereliction from his professional duties and character. Churchill was in no mood to be reasoned with, and he at once resigned his post, and became an avowed man of the world-we are sorry to say in the worst sense of the term. He even deserted his wife, who had shared his privations in the straitened circumstances of earlier days, and thus walking "in the counsel of the ungodly," we soon find him occupying "the seat of the scorner," and casting off all fear of Heaven. That notorious profligate and abandoned debauchee, John Wilkes, was a proper mate for such an apostate, and in him Churchill confided as his Guide, Philosopher, and Friend. Wilkes made him pay for the honour of his company, and instigated him to write The Prophecy of Famine, a Scots Pastoral, 1763, 4to, which he said was sure to succeed, as it was at once personal, poetical, and political. It is a bitter satire against the Scottish nation. He had preThe viously given to the world, Night, a Poem, 1761, 4to. Ghost, in 4 Books, 1762, '63, 4to. Epistle to Hogarth, 1763, 4to. (The painter had represented Churchill in the form of a bear, dressed canonically, with ruffles at his paws, and holding a pot of porter.) The Conference, a Poem, 1763, 4to. To the Prophecy of Famine succeeded The Duellist, 1763, 4to. The Author; Gotham; The Candidate; Independence; The Times; Farewell; all 1764, 4to. The JourIn ney was pub. after his death; also a vol. of sermons. 1764 Churchill visited the Continent to embrace his friend Wilkes, who had "Left his country for his country's good," "The tale which angry Conscience tells, A volume of Churchill's Sermons on the Lord's Prayer (by some attributed to C.'s father) were pub. in 1765, 8vo. Prefixed is a satirical dedication (which induced the publishers to give £250 for the ten sermons) to Bishop Warburton, in which that dignitary is addressed as "Doctor, Dean, Bishop, Gloster, and My Lord." An edit. of his works was pub. in 1754, 4to; 1774, 4 vols. 12mo; with Life by W. Tooke, 1804, 2 vols. 8vo. Churchill's poetry attracted little attention after his death, and is now almost entirely neglected. "No English poet had ever enjoyed so excessive and so shortlived a popularity; and, indeed, no one seems more thoroughly to have understood his own powers; there is no indication in any of his pieces that he could have done any thing better than the thing he did. To Wilkes he said that nothing came out till he began to be pleased with it himself; but, to the public, he boasted of the haste and carelessness with which his verses were poured forth... "When the mad fit comes on I seize the pen; Rough as they run, the rapid thoughts set down, Churchill, F. F., D.D. Serm., 1773, 4to. "The lecturer, the practitioner, and the student, may all have recourse to its pages, and derive from their perusal much interest and instruction in every thing relating to theoretical and practical midwifery."-Dublin Quar. Jour. of Med. Science. Researches on Operative Midwifery, Dublin, 1841, 8vo. Essays on the Puerperal Fever, and other Diseases Peculiar to Women; Amer. edit., by Dr. Condie, Phila., 1850, 8vo. "To these papers Dr. Churchill has appended notes, embodying whatever information has been laid before the profession since their author's time. He has also prefixed to the Essays on Puerperal Fever, which occupy the larger portion of the volume, an interesting historical sketch of the principal epidemics of that disease. The whole forms a very valuable collection of papers, by professional writers of eminence, on some of the most important accidents to which the puerperal female is liable."-American Journal of Medical Sciences. On the Diseases of Women, Dublin; 3d ed., 1851, 12mo. A new Amer. ed., revised by the Author; with Notes and Addits. by D. Francis Condie, M.D., Phila., 1857, 8vo. "It surpasses every other work that has ever issued from the British press."-Dublin Quar. Jour. "We now regretfully take leave of Dr. Churchill's book. Had our typographical limits permitted, we should gladly have borrowed more from its richly stored pages. In conclusion, we heartily re our firm conviction that it will not only add to the reputation of commend it to the profession, and would at the same time express its author, but will prove a work of great and extensive utility to obstetric practitioners."-Dublin Medical Press. Diseases of Infants and Children, Lon., 1849, 8vo. Amer. ed., by Dr. Keating, Phila., 8vo. "We regard this volume as possessing more claims to completeness than any other of the kind with which we are acquainted. Most cordially and earnestly, therefore, do we commend it to our professional brethren, and we feel assured that the stamp of their approbation will in due time be impressed upon it. After an attentive perusal of its contents, we hesitate not to say, that it is one of the most comprehensive ever written upon the diseases of children, and that, for copiousness of reference, extent of research, and per spicuity of detail, it is scarcely to be equalled, and not to be excelled, in any language."-Dublin Quarterly Journal. "We recommend the work of Dr. Churchill most cordially both to students and practitioners, as a valuable and reliable guide in the treatment of the diseases of children."-Amer. Jour. of the Med. Sciences. Churchill, James. Sermons, 1806, '11. Churchill, James Morss, M.D., and John Stevenson, M.D. Medical Botany; new edit., edited by Gilbert Burnett. "So high is our opinion of this work, that we recommend every student at college, and every surgeon who goes abroad, to have a copy, as one of the essential constituents of his library."-Dr. Johnson's Med. Chir. Review. Churchill, Junius. Liverpool Odes, 1793, 4to. Churchill, Ownsham, and John. Collection of Voyages and Travels, 1704, 4 vols. fol.; 1732, 8 vols. fol.; 1744, 6 vols. fol.; 1752, 6 vols. fol.; the Harleian Collection, 1745-47, 2 vols. fol., form a Supplement to the above. "This collection is very valuable; its place cannot be supplied by recurring to the original works, as a great part of them are first published in it from the MSS."-G. B. DE LA RICHARDERIE: Bibliothèque Universelle des Voyages. In his Directions for Study, Bishop Warburton advises the student rather to read over Churchill's Collection, (if he would know what human nature really is,) than to waste his time in travelling through the artificial circles of society in Europe. "Here we may see Nature stripped stark naked, and study her without disguise." The American student, especially, should also procure M. Du Perier's General History of Voyages and Travels throughout the Old and New World, Lon., 1707, 8vo. "Except the Introduction of 36 pages, the whole of this volume relates to the early voyages of the Spaniards to America, from Oviedo, and other Spanish authors."-RICH. The And let the lover of Voyages and Travels not fail to procure Harris's, Kerr's, Hakluyt's, and Pinkerton's Collections, and G. Boucher de la Richarderie's Bibliothèque Universelle des Voyages, Paris, 1808, 6 vols. 12mo. following remarks from an eminent authority should be sufficient to stimulate an appetite for such instructive and delightful studies. "The old voyagers are always more picturesque and poetical than the modern: they describe those simple appearances, which we now suppose to be known. Churchill and Harris's Collections will furnish you with great abundance of Indian imagery."-SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH. Churchill, T. 0. Trans. of Herder's Philosophy of History, Lon., 1803, 2 vols. 8vo. "Herder is the founder of the Philosophy of History: nobody before nor after him has taken up the grand subject in its full extent."-Chev. Bunsen's Hippolytus. Life of Lord Nelson, 1808, 4to. "This publication may be considered as a vehicle for prints; which, however, are neither good in design or execution."LOWNDES. Churchill, Thos. F., M.D. Profess. works, 1808, '10. Churchill, Sir Winston, father of the Duke of Marlborough, 1620-1688, a native of Dorsetshire, was educated at St. John's College, Oxford. Divi Britannici, being a Remark upon the Lives of all the Kings of this Isle, from the year of the World 2855, unto the year of Grace 1660; with cuts, Lon., 1675, fol. "The notices in this work are very slight, but said to be very accurate as to dates and authorities."-DR. WATT. In some copies occurs a passage stating that the king may raise money without his Parliament, which Being much resented by several members of parl. then sitting, the leaf of the remaining copies where it was, was reprinted without that passage, purposely to please and give content."-Athen. Oxon. "The Divi Britannici gives the reader a diverting view of the arms and exploits of our kings down to the Restoration in 1660." -Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Library. Churchman. History of Episcopacy, 1642, 4to. Churchman, John, d. 1805, a native of Maryland, Magnetic Atlas, Phil., 1790; Lon., 1794, 4to; 1804, 4to. Churchman, Theophilus, i. e. Peter Heylin. A Review of the Certamen Epistolæ between Heylin, D.D., and Hen. Hickman, B.D., Lon., 1639, 12mo. Churchman, Walter. A New Engine for Raising Water. See Phil. Trans., 1734. Churchy, G., of Lyons Inne. A New Book of Good Husbandrie, 1599. Churchyard, Thomas, 1520-1604, a native of Shrewsbury, author of many prose and poetical pieces, was a domestic to the celebrated Earl of Surrey, and after the death of this nobleman served as a soldier in several campaigns. A list of many of his works will be found in Athen. Oxon., Ritson's Bibl. Poetica, Biog. Brit., Lowndes's Bibl. Manual, and some specimens in the Censura Literaria. George Chalmers repub. in 1817, 8vo, Churchyard's Chips concerning Scotland, being a Collection of his Pieces relative to that country; with Historical Notices and Life. "The best of his poems, in point of genius, is his Legende of Jane Shore, and the most popular his Worthiness of Wales, 1580, 8vo, of which an edition was published in 1776." "An excellent soldier, and a man of honest principles."STRYPE: Life of Grindal. "By the men of those times he was accounted a good poet, by others a poor court poet; but since, as much beneath a poet as a rhimer."-Athen. Oxon. But honest Fuller protests against such depreciating observations: "Though some conceive him to be as much beneath a poet as above a rhymer, [sic,] in my opinion his verses may go abreast with any of that age, writing in the beginning of Queen Elizabeth. It seems by this his Epitaph in Mr. Camden's 'Remains,' that he died not guilty of much wealth: Come Alecto, lend me thy torch, To find a church-yard in a church-porch: "One of those unfortunate men, who have written poetry all their days, and lived a long life, to complete the misfortune." DISRAELI: Calamities of Authors. Churton, Edward. The Early English Church; new ed., Lon., 1841, 12mo. Lays of Faith and Loyalty, 1847, 18mo. Monastic Ruins of Yorkshire, i. to iv., 184446, fol. Churton, Edward. The Railroad Book of England, Lon., r. 8vo, 1851. "Mr. Churton has been pre-eminently successful in accomplishing his Herculean undertaking, and has placed his work beyond the danger of failure."-Bell's Messenger. Churton, H. B. Whitaker. Thoughts on the Land of the Morning: a Record of Two Visits to Palestine, 1849, '50, Lon., 1852, c. 8vo. "An agreeable and profitable companion to all students of the sacred volume."-English Review. "It may be recommended especially as a book for families."Lon. Christian Observer. Churton, Ralph, 1754-1831, a native of Bickley, Cheshire; entered Brasenose College, Oxford, 1772; elected Fellow, 1778; Archdeacon of St. David's, 1805. Eight Serms., Lon., 1785, 8vo. Serms., 1785, '90, '93, '98, 1803, '04, '06. Letter to the Bp. of Winchester, 1796, 8vo. Lives of Bishop Smith and Sir Richard Sutton, Founders of Brasenose College. Life of Alexander Nowell, Dean of St. Paul's, 1809, 8vo. "Among the happiest specimens of its kind which the present century has seen. The very portrait of the good old dean, placing his hand upon his fishing-rod, is enough to rejoice a Waltonian." DIBDIN. Works of the Rev. T. Townson, D.D., 1810, 2 vols. 8vo. Memoir of Dr. Richard Chandler prefixed to a new ed. of his Travels in Asia Minor and Greece, Oxford, 1825, 2 vols. 8vo. Chute, or Chewt, Anthony. Beautie dishonoured, written under the title of Shore's Wife, Lon., 1593, 4to. Perry sale, £26; Jadis, £15 158.; Bindley, £34 138. "An imitative history in verse, supposed to be unique, consisting of 197 six-line stanzas." Cibber, Colley, 1671-1757, Poet Laureate to George II., made his appearance as an actor at the early age of 18, but not meeting with the success he anticipated, he determined to turn author, and in 1695 produced his first play, Love's Last Shift, or the Fool in Fashion. The author performed the part of Sir Novelty Fashion, and in both capacities he was rewarded by great applause. In 1704 was acted his best piece, The Careless Husband, in which Cibber and Mrs. Oldfield enacted the principal characters. He injured himself in the eyes of the Jacobites, in 1717, by his Comedy of the Nonjuror. He was quite consoled, however, for their enmity, by receiving a pension from 1730. In this year he quitted the stage; but appeared Geo. I. of £200, being promoted to the post of Laureate in An edit. of his Plays appeared again on special occasions. in 1721, 2 vols. 4to; and a later one in 1777, 5 vols. 8vo. A list of 30 plays, with which he had more or less to do, will be found in Biog. Dramat. His Apology for his Life presents a very curious picture of state affairs in his day. It was pub. in 1740, 4to; 1756, 2 vols. 12mo; new edit., with explanatory Notices, by E. Bellchambers, 1822, 8vo. Pope had made himself ridiculous, as he generally did in his petty malice, by making Theobald the hero of the Dunciad, because he had convicted Pope of gross ignorance of Shakspeare. He now made himself ridiculous a second time, by exalting to that dull eminence, Colley Cibber, one of the wittiest and most sprightly authors of the day. Cibber's letter of remonstrance to Pope was unanswerable. His ambition led him into a grave error, when it induced him to undertake such a criticism as The Character and Conduct of Cicero considered; pub. Lon., 1747, 4to. Fielding took great delight in ridiculing him. Cibber's name is frequently introduced in Boswell's Life of Johnson. "BOSWELL: Cibber was a man of observation?" JOHNSON: 'I think not.' BOSWELL: 'You will allow his Apology to be well done.' JOHNSON: Very well done, to be sure, sir. That book is a striking proof of the justice of Pope's remark: Each might his several province well command, Would all but stoop to what they understand.'" Swift was so much pleased with Cibber's Apology for his Life, that he sat up all night to read it: upon hearing which, Cibber, it is said, shed tears for joy. Cibber, Susanna Maria, d. 1766, a celebrated actress, sister of Dr. Arne, and wife of Theophilus, son of Colley Cibber, trans. in 1752, The Oracle of St. Foix. Cibber, Theophilus, 1703-1758, son of Colley Cibber, bore even a worse moral character than his father, which was quite unnecessary. He was an actor, and married first an actress of the name of Johnson, and, secondly, Miss Arne, (see above.) The Lover, C., 1730. Patie and Other Peggie, B. O., 1730. The Mock Officer, F., 1733. Dramatic pieces, and alterations of Henry VI., and Romeo CIR and Juliet, from Shakspeare. The following work appeared! under his name, The Lives of the Poets of G. Britain and Ireland, from the time of Dean Swift, Lon., 1753, 5 vols. 12mo: but we have direct evidence that Cibber was not sole author of this work: "I take this opportunity to testify, that the book called Cibber's Lives of the Poets was not written, nor, I believe, ever seen, by either of the Cibbers, but was the work of Robert Shiels, a native of Scotland, a man of a very acute understanding, though with little scholastic education, who, not long after the publication of his work, died in London of a consumption. His life was virtuous and his end was pious. Theophilus Cibber, then a prisoner for debt, imparted, as I was told, his name for ten guineas. The manuscript of Shiels is now in my possession."-DR. JOHNSON: Life of Hammond. Here Johnson is much in error, for we have Griffith's (the publisher) testimony that Cibber did revise, correct, and add to the MS., and probably wrote some of the Lives. See Boswell's Johnson; and for publications connected with the Cibbers, father and son, see Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. Cirencester. See RICHARD OF CHICHester. Clack, J. M. Serms. and other Remains, with Memoir and Fun. Serm., by J. Hooper, Lon., 1817, 8vo. "We have seldom met with so many incidents of an affecting nature in connection with one who was not permitted to see many years on earth, as are presented to us in this small but respectable volume."-Lon. Congreg. Mag. Clacy, Mrs. Charles. A Lady's Visit to the Gold Diggings of Australia in 1852, '53, Lon., 1853, p. 8vo. "The most pithy and entertaining of all the books that have been written on the gold diggings."-Lon. Literary Gaz. "We recommend this work as the emigrant's vade mecum.”— Lon. Home Companion. Clagett, Nicholas, 1607-1663, entered Merton College, Oxford, 1628; Vicar of Melbourne, Dorsetshire, about 1636; subsequently preacher at St. Mary's in St. Edmund's Bury, Suffolk. The Abuses of God's Grace, &c., Oxf., 1659, 4to. Clap, Roger, 1609-1691, one of the first settlers of Dorsetshire, Massachusetts. Memoirs of himself, 1731; with an appendix by Jas. Blake, 1807. Clap, Thomas, 1703–1767, President of Yale College, 1739-66, was eminent for his proficiency in Mathematics, Astronomy, and Natural Philosophy. Serm., 1732. Letter to Mr. Edwards, 1745. Religious Constitution of Colleges, 1745. Doctrines of the Churches of New England, 1755. Essay, 1765. History of Yale College, 1766. Conjectures of Meteors, 1781. See Holmes's Life of Stiles; Hist. of Yale College. Clapham, Henoche. Briefe of the Bible's History, Lon., 1596. Theolog. treatises, 1597-1609. Clapham, Jonathan. Theolog. treatises, 1651-84. Clapham, John. Narcissus, Lon., 1581, 4to. Clapham, John. History of G. Britain, 1602, 4to. Clapham, Samuel, d. 1830, aged 76. Serms., 1792, &c. The three following were pub. under the name of Theophilus St. John: Orig. Serms., 1790, 8vo. Prac. Serms., 1803, 2 vols. 8vo. Charges of Massillon, from the French, 1805, 8vo. Points of Sessions Law, 1818, 2 vols. 8vo. "This work may serve as an index, but cannot be relied on for accuracy." Serms. selected and abridged from various authors, 1803-15, 3 vols. 8vo., enlarged ed., 1830, 2 vols. 8vo. "The abridgments will be found extremely useful to the clergy as skeletons, or heads to form discourses from." "These sermons are truly excellent."-British Critic. The Pentateuch, or the Five Books of Moses Illustrated, Lon., 1818, 12mo. "The plan is judicious, and the execution is, on the whole, respectable."-Lon. Eclectic Review. Other publications. Clapp, John. Serms., 2d ed., Lon., 1819, 3 vols. 8vo. Clappe, Ambrose. Emmanuel Manifested, 1655,12mo. Clapperton, Hugh, 1788–1827, a celebrated African traveller, was a native of Dumfriesshire. He was cut off His Journals were preby the dysentery at Saccatoo. pre Clagett, Nicholas, D.D., 1654-1726, son of the ceding, admitted of Christ Church College, 1671; preacher at St. Mary's, in St. Edmund's Bury, 1680; Archdeacon of Sudbury, 1693. A Persuasive to an Ingenious Trial of Opinions in Religion, Lon., 1685, 4to. Serm., 1683, 86, 1710. Truth Defended, and Boldness in Error Rebuked, &c., being a confutation of Mr. Whiston's book entitled, The Accomplishment of Scripture Prophecies, Lon., 1710, 8vo. "This eminent divine lived extremely valued and respected on account of his exemplariness, charity, and other virtues."-Biog.Br. Clagett, Nicholas, D.D., son of the preceding, d. 1746. 1746. served and published. Denham, Clapperton, and Oudney's Clapperton, William. Poems, &c., Edin., 8vo. Clapthorne, Henry. The Hollander; a Play,1640,4to. Claramont, C., M.D. De Aëre, locis et aquis Angliæ deque morbis Anglorum Vernaculis. Diss. nec non Observationes Medica Cambro-Britannica, Lon., 1672, 12mo; 1657, 8vo. Clare, John, b. 1793, at Helpstone, near Peterborough, of obscure parentage, excited much attention by his remarkable powers of poetical description. He pub. in 1820, Poems, Descriptive of Rural Life and Scenery, which immediately secured the public favour. Bishop of St. David's, 1731; translated to Exeter, Serms. 1714, '33, '37, '40, '42. Clagett, William, D.D., 1646-1688, uncle of the preceding, admitted of Emanuel College, Cambridge, 1659; was for 7 years preacher of St. Edmund's Bury, and subsequently preacher to the Society of Gray's Inn. He pub. many theological treatises, chiefly controversial. We notice a few: A Discourse on the Holy Spirit, with a Confutation of some part of Dr. Owen's book on that sub-patient and persevering talent existing and enduring in the most ject, Lon., 1678-80, 8vo. An Answer to the Dissenter's Objections against the Common Prayers, &c., 1683, 4to. Extreme Unction, 1687, 4to. A Paraphrase and Notes upon the First Chapter of St. John, Lon., 1686, 4to. See Orme's Bibl. Bib. Serms.,1689-93, 2 vols.; 4th ed.,1704-20, 4 vols. 8vo. "I should not scruple to give Dr. Clagett a place among the most eminent and celebrated writers of this Church, and if he may be allowed that, it is as great an honour as can be done him." -ARCHBISHOP SHARPE. "His writings are not of great value, and are now little known." -Orme's Bibl. Bib. Bishop Burnet praises Clagett for his learning, piety, and virtues. Claggett, John. Arianism Anatomized, 1719, 8vo. 1754. Clanes, Thomas. Answer to Vestry, 1812. Claney, M., M.D. Templum Veneris, Lon., 1745, 4to. Clanny, W. R., M.D. Mineral Waters, &c., 1807-16. Clanricarde, Úlick, Marquis of, and Earl of St. Alban's. Memoirs, 1722, 8vo. Memoirs and Letters respecting the Rebellion in Ireland temp. Charles I., 1757, fol. The first work Bishop Nicolson styles "A lean collection of letters, warrants, orders, and other loose and incoherent state-papers relating to the Irish Rebellion." Clap, Nath., 1668-1745, a minister of Newport, Rhode Island, pub. a Serm. on the Lord's Voice crying to the People in some extraordinary dispensations, 1715. "Before I saw Father Clap, I thought the Bishop of Rome had the gravest aspect of any man I ever saw; but really the mi"-BISHOP nister of Newport has the most venerable appearance." BERKELEY. "The instance before us is, perhaps, one of the most striking of forlorn and seemingly hopeless condition that literature has at any time exhibited."-Lon. Quarterly Review. In 1821, he pub. The Village Minstrel and other Poems, He has also contributed a number of articles 2 vols. 8vo. to the periodicals. See an interesting account of Clare in Chambers's Cycl. of Eng. Literature. Clare, John Fitz-Gibbon, Earl of, 1749-1802, Lord High-Chancellor of Ireland. Speech on the Union. Verses, 1774, 4to. Report, 1798, 8vo. "A man of an ardent, daring spirit, but able, virtuous, and patriotic." See Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. Clare, John Hollis, Earl of, father-in-law of the Earl of Strafford, who was beheaded. An Answer to some Passages of Sir Francis Bacon's Essay on Empire. Speech in behalf of the Earl of Oxford. Letter to his son-in-law, Strafford. "Lord Clare was admired for his letters; and Howell, in two of his, bears testimony to the earl's learning and skill in languages." See Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. Clare, Martin. Treatise on the Motion of Fluids, Lon., 1735, 8vo; with addits. by R. Hall, M.D., Lon., 1802, 8vo. Clare, Peter, Surgeon. Prof. treatises, Lon.,1778,8vo. Clare, R. Trans. of a Political Declaration, 1649, fol. Clare, R. A., Surgeon. Con. on the Air Pumps to Nic. Jour., 1801. Clare, William. The Natural way to Learn the Latin Tongue, Lon., 1688, 8vo. Clarek, Timothy, M.D. Profess. con. to Phil. Trans. 1668; on the Injection into Veins, the Transfusion of Blood, &c. Clarence, Duke of, (William the Fourth.) Speech in the House of Lords on the Slave-Trade, Lon., 1799, 8vo. Substance of his Speeches in the House of Lords against the Divorce Bill, 1800, 8vo. Clarendon, Edward Hyde, Earl of, 1608-1673, one of the most illustrious characters of English history, was the third son of Henry Hyde, of Dinton, Wiltshire, where he was born on the 16th of February. He was entered of Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1622, where he remained one year; after which he removed to the Middle Temple, and pursued his legal studies under the direction of his uncle, Nicholas Hyde, afterwards Chief Justice of the King's Bench. In his twenty-first year he married the daughter of Sir George Ayliffe, who only survived the union six months. Three years afterwards he married the daughter of Sir Thomas Aylesbury, Master of Requests. He informs us in his Life, that he made it a rule to select for his associates none but persons distinguished for their rank, fortune, or accomplishments. We need not be surprised, therefore, to find among his "list of friends," stars of the first magnitude:-Ben Jonson, Selden, May, Sir Kenelm Digby, Edmund Waller, Lord Falkland, Sheldon, Morley, Earle, Hales, Chillingworth, &c. (See Memorials of his own life.) The patronage of the Marquis of Hamilton and Archbishop Laud was of great value to the ambitious aspirant for brilliant honours. In 1640 he was elected a member of Parliament, and as a Royalist, waged stern war with Hampden and other representatives of popular pretensions. His zeal was not overlooked, and in 1643 he was raised to the high position of Lord Chancellor of the Exchequer, sworn a member of the Privy Council, and knighted. When affairs had taken so grave a turn that it was deemed prudent to send the prince, afterwards Charles II., out of the way of danger, Hyde was his companion, but remained in Jersey when the prince sailed for France. During this retirement of two years, he wrote portions of his two celebrated works, The History of the Rebellion, and Account of his own Life. His studies were interrupted in 1648, by directions to attend the prince at Paris. He found him at the Hague, where the news soon arrived of the murder of King Charles I. Whilst on the Continent, Clarendon chiefly resided at Madrid and Antwerp. In 1657, King Charles II., still an exile, rewarded the fidelity of his follower by creating him Lord High Chancellor of England. But he suffered greatly from poverty at different times, having, as he tells us, "neither clothes nor fire to preserve me from the sharpness of the season." At the Restoration he displayed great sagacity in reconciling the hostile parties who composed the strength of the kingdom, and it was mainly owing to his counsels that the Republicans escaped the bitter chalice which they had commended to the lips of the persecuted and down-trodden Royalists. In 1660, Hyde was chosen Chancellor of the University of Oxford, and created a peer by the title of Baron Hyde, of Hindon, in Wiltshire, to which were added in 1661, the titles of Viscount Cornbury in Oxfordshire, and Earl of Clarendon in Wiltshire. Such greatness must needs excite the envy of the malicious; and this ill will was heightened by the announcement of the marriage of his daughter to the Duke of York, afterwards James II. This event was unknown to Clarendon until its publicity became a matter of necessity, and Charles II. did not permit it to deprive him of his favour. In 1663, the Earl of Bristol exhibited a charge of High Treason against Clarendon, the gravamen of which was an alleged intention to favour the introduction of Popery into Great Britain. There were other causes of resentment-the king's negleet of public affairs, the extravagance of the Court, &c.which prudence did not permit to be openly exposed. In 1667 he was removed from his post of Chancellor, and shortly afterwards received the king's orders to leave the country. He sailed for France, November 29, 1667, and on the 19th of the ensuing month an act of banishment shut the door to all hopes of return to his native land. He resided for four years at Montpellier, passed some time at Moulins, and finally took up his residence at Rouen, where he died, December 9, 1674. There was nothing now to excite the animosity of his foes, and his body was permitted to rest in the land he had so faithfully served, and by which he had been so ungratefully rewarded. He lies, "Without a line to mark the spot," on the north side of Henry VIIth's chapel, in Westminster Abbey. Lord Clarendon had by his second wife four sons and two daughters: Henry, the second Earl of Clarendon, (q. v.,) d. in 1709; Lawrence, Earl of Rochester, d. in 1711; Edward and James died unmarried. Frances was married to Thomas Keightly of Hertingfordbury; Anne married James, Duke of York, and was the mother of Mary and Anne, Queens of England. As an author, Lord Clarendon can never become obsolete while the slightest interest exists in one of the most eventful portions of England's annals. Speeches, Argument, &c., Lon., 1641, &c. An Answer to the Declaration of the Commons, Lon., 1648, 8vo. Character of Robert, Earl of Essex, and George, Duke of Buckingham, 1706; orig. pub. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ, 1672. "The reader will be here entertained with the pictures of two of the greatest subjects of Europe in their time: and although one of them is inimitably drawn by the noble Author in his History, yet this signature will still be acceptable, since 'tis all thrown into another view."-Preface to ed. 1706. 4to. Narrative of the Settlement in Ireland, Lovain, 1668, Animadversions on a Book called Fanaticism, 1674, 4to. Brief View and Survey of Hobbes's Leviathan, Oxf., 1676, 4to. History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England begun in 1641, &c., Oxf., 1702-04, 3 vols. fol.; 1705, '06, 6 vols. 8vo; 1717, 7 vols. 8vo. Supplement, 1717, 8vo; 1724, 8vo. A new edit. of the History of the Rebellion, with all the suppressed passages, and the unpub. Notes of Bishop Warburton, Oxf., 1826, 8 vols. 8vo; edited by Dr. Bandinel: "Clarendon's History of the Rebellion is one of the noblest historical works of the English nation. In the present edition, which is the first correct and complete publication of his History, the ceding editions are now for the first time laid before the public." passages omitted and the words altered in the original and preEdinburgh Review. Last edit., Oxf., 1849, 7 vols. 8vo. Hist. of the Rebellion, &c., with his Life, written by himself, in which is included a continuation of his Hist. of the Great Rebellion, Lon., 1842, 1 vol. 8vo. Life by Himself, with continuation of Hist. Rebellion, 55 plates, Oxf., 1827, 3 vols. 8vo; 2 vols. 4to. Hist. of Rebellion, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. imp. 8vo. Religion and Policy, (first pub. from the MS.,1811,) 2 vols. r. 8vo. Hist. of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in Ireland, 1720, '21, 8vo. This is a vindication of the Marquis of Ormonde. Hist. of the Reign of Charles II., 2 vols. 4to. This is included in his Life. Collection of Tracts, Lon., 1727, fol. Vindication of himself from the Impeachment of H. Commons in regard to the sale of Dunkirk, Lon., 1747, fol.; with Reflections upon the Psalms, applied to the troubles of the times. State Papers, 162174, containing the Materials from which his History was composed, and the authorities on which the truth of his relation is founded; with an Appendix from Archbishop Sancroft's MSS., Oxf., 1767-86, 3 vols. fol. Miscellaneous Works, 2d edit., 1751, fol. An Account of his Life, written by himself, &c., Oxf., 1759; new edit.; see above. Essays, Moral and Entertaining; new edit., pub. by Rev. J. S. Clarke, D.D., 1815, 2 vols. 8vo. The Natural History of the Passions, 8vo. "Many doubted whether Lord Clarendon was the author of it; and more thought that it was the sharking trick of a bookseller to set his name to, for sale sake."-WOOD. The reader should peruse T. H. Lister, Esq.'s Life and Administration of Edward, First Earl of Clarendon, with Original Correspondence and Authentic Papers, never before published, Lon., 1838, 3 vols. 8vo; vol. i., 1609–60; vol. ii., 1660-74; vol. iii., Letters and Papers. pleading of an advocate, but the severe and enlightened neutrality "Lister's Life of Clarendon is not the ingenious or eloquent of a judge. The characteristics proper for the occasion were good taste and good sense, intelligent research, and perfect candour. And these Mr. Lister possesses in an eminent degree."-Edinburgh Review. "A valuable contribution to the history of our native country." -Lon. Literary Gazette. See LISTER, THOMAS H. To these valuable volumes should be added The Correspondence and Diaries of Henry Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, and Lawrence Hyde, Earl of Rochester, &c., by S. W. Singer, Esq., Lon., 1828, 2 vols. r. 4to. (See below.) The reader will also be interested in An Historical Inquiry respecting the Character of Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, by the Hon. Agar Ellis, Lon., 1827, 8vo. Mr. Ellis arrives at the conclusion, which will be rejected by many of his readers, that Clarendon was an unprincipled man of talent. This notice of Mr. Ellis's opinions may properly introduce some quotations from various authorities respecting the character of Clarendon as a statesman and an author: "I cannot but let you know the incredible satisfaction I have taken in reading my late Lord Clarendon's History of the Rebellion, so well and so unexpectedly well written-the preliminary so like that of the noble Polybius, leading us by the courts, avenues, and porches, into the fabric; the style masculine; the characters so just, and tempered without the least impediment of passion or tincture of revenge, yet with such natural and lively touches as show his lordship well knew not only the persons' outsides, but their very interiors."-Letters of John Frelyn to Samuel Pepys, Jan. 20, 1702, '03. See Diary and Correspondence of Samuel Pepys, Lon., 1854, 4 vols. 8vo. "His lordship died an exile, and in the displeasure of his ma jesty, and others who envied his rise and fortune-tam breves! Populi Romani amores! But I shall say no more of his ministry, and what was the pretence of his fall, than that we have lived to see great revolutions. The buffons, parasites, pimps, and concubines, who supplanted him at court, came to nothing not long after, and were as little pitied. Tis something yet too early to publish the names of his delators, for fear of one's teeth. But time will speak truth, and sure I am the event has made it good. Things were infinitely worse managed since his disgrace."-Evelyn to Pepys. See Diary and Corresp. of J. Evelyn, Lon., 1852, 4 vols. 8vo. It is not to be denied that many of his lordship's contemporaries entertained a very different opinion of him; and Mr. Agar Ellis, among modern writers, accuses him of treachery, as well as imbecility, in the management of state affairs. "Had Clarendon sought nothing but power, his power had never ceased. A corrupted court and a blinded populace were less the causes of the chancellor's fall, than an ungrateful king, who could not pardon his lordship's having refused to accept for him the slavery of his country. ... Buckingham, Shaftsbury, Lauder dale, Arlington, and such abominable men, were the exchange which the nation made for my Lord Clarendon!... As an historian he seems more exceptionable. His majesty and eloquence, his power of painting characters, his knowledge of his subject, rank him in the first class of writers-yet he has both great and little faults."-HORACE WALPOLE: R. & N. Authors. "He particularly excels in characters, which, if drawn with precision and elegance, are as difficult to the writers as they are agreeable to the readers of history. He is in this particular as unrivalled among the moderns as Tacitus among the ancients... His style is rather careless than laboured: his periods are long, and frequently embarrassed by parentheses. Hence it is, that he is one of the most difficult of all authors to be read with an audible voice."-Granger's Biog. Hist. "Clarendon will always be esteemed an entertaining writer, even independent of our curiosity to know the facts which he relates. His style is prolix and redundant, and suffocates us by the length of its periods; but it discovers imagination and sentiment, and pleases us at the same time that we disapprove of it. . . . An air of probity and goodness runs through the whole work, as these qualities did in reality embellish the whole life of the author... Clarendon was always a friend to the liberty and constitution of his country."-HUME: Hist. of England. "The lustre of all partial and even general Histories of England, was eclipsed, at the opening of the eighteenth century, by the History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars-from the powerful pen of Lord Clarendon: a work, of which the impressions and profits have increased in an equal ratio-and of which the popularity is built upon an imperishable basis. A statesman, a lawyer, and a philosopher in its most practical, and perhaps rational, sense, there is hardly any name which has reached us, encircled by purer rays of renown, than that of Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, or any which is more likely to go down to posterity in a more unsullied state of purity."-DR. DIBDIN: Library Companion. So Southey declares Clarendon to have been "the wisest and most upright of statesman ;" but Brodie, on the other hand, brands the Lord Chancellor as "a miserable sycophant and canting hypocrite." The remarks of Southey in a letter to Henry Taylor, Dec.31,1825, are well worth quoting: "For an Englishman there is no single historical work with which it can be so necessary for him to be well and thoroughly acquainted as with Clarendon. I feel at this time perfectly assured. that if that book had been put into my hands in youth, it would have preserved me from all the political errors which I have out grown. It may be taken for granted that knows this book well. The more he reads concerning the history of these times, the more highly he will appreciate the wisdom and the integrity of Clarendon."-Southey's Life and Correspondence, "He is excellent in every thing that he has performed with care: his characters are beautifully delineated, his sentiments have often a noble gravity, which the length of his periods, far too great in itself, seems to befit; but in the general course of his narrative, he is negligent of grammar and perspicuity, with little choice of words, and, therefore, sometimes idioniatic, without ease or elegance. The official papers on the royal side, which are generally attributed to him, are written in a masculine and majestic tone, far superior to those of the Parliament."-Hallam's Introduc. to Lit. Hist.; and in his Constitutional Hist. of England. See Life of Edward, Earl of Clarendon, written by himself, printed from the original MS. in the Bodleian Library, Lon., 1857, 2 vols. 8vo. Clarendon, George William Frederick Villiers, Earl of, b. in 1800, is the present representative of the great Earl of Clarendon, and of the brother of Villiers, the favourite of James I. He succeeded to the title in 1838. He was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1847 to 1852, and has held several important offices. In 1846 he was appointed President of the Board of Trade. He was associated (when Mr. Villiers) with Dr. Bowring in drawing up the First Report on the Commercial Relations between France and Great Britain, 1834, fol. Clarendon, Henry Hyde, second Earl of, 16381709, eldest son of the first earl, was carefully trained for public business by his illustrious parent. In resentment of the treatment to which his father was subjected, he joined the party which opposed the court, and made many speeches, some of which were preserved by Mr. Grey. On the accession of James II. he was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, but was superseded by Lord Tyrconnel. He refused to take the oaths to William III., and was for some in retirement until his death in 1709. time imprisoned in the Tower. After his release he lived The History and Antiquities of the Cathedral Church at Winchester, continued by Samuel Gale, Lon., 1715, 8vo. Two Papers in Gutch's Collectanea Curiosa, vol. i. 309-13. State Letters and Diary, Oxf., 1763, 2 vols. 4to. "This Diary presents us with a picture of the manners of the close of the seventeenth century a man of the first quality made age in which the writer lived. We may learn from it, that at the it his constant practice to go to church, and could spend the day in society with his family and friends, without shaking his arm at a gaming-table, associating with jockies at Newmarket, or murdering time by a constant round of giddy dissipation, if not of criminal indulgence."-Editor's Preface. In 1828 was pub. Clarendon Papers; viz.: The Correspondence of Henry Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, and of his Brother, Lawrence Hyde, Earl of Rochester, with the Diary of Lord Clarendon, 1687-90, and the Diary of Lord Rochester; pub. for the greater part for the first time from the original MSS., recently discovered by S. W. Singer, F.S.A., Lon., 2 vols. 4to. "One of the most important contributions which has in our day been made to history."-Lon. Review. "This Collection of Letters and Diaries is of great historical value."-Lon. Athenaum. "A most valuable addition to our national records, and especially interesting to the History of Ireland."-Lon. Literary Gazelle. HENRY HYDE, LORD HYDE and CORNBURY, the eldest son of this nobleman, pub. a Comedy called The Mistakes, Hill, with a preface, said to be written by Lord Orford; or The Happy Resentment, printed in 1758, at Strawberry but this imputed authorship has been questioned. He wrote A Letter to the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford, 1751, and A Letter to David Mallet on the intended Publication of Lord Bolingbroke's MSS.; see Hawkesworth's edition of Swift's A few pamphlets of his composition were pub. He was Works. "Clarendon-a lover of the constitution, of his country, a patrio-anonymously, and he left some tragedies in MS. tic statesman-is always interesting, and continually provides killed in France, in 1753, by a fall from his horse. materials for the statesman and philosopher."-PROFESSOR SMYTH, Clarendon, R. V. A Sketch of the Revenue and of Cambridge. Finances of Ireland, Lon., 1791, 4to. "His Life is full of a thousand curious anecdotes."_BISHOP WARBURTON. "You ask me about reading history. You are quite right to read Clarendon; his style is a little long-winded. but, on the other hand, his characters may match those of the ancient historians, and one thinks they would know the very men if you were to meet them in society. Few English writers have the same precision either in describing the actors in great scenes, or the deeds which they performed. He was, you are aware, himself deeply engaged in the scenes which he depicts, and therefore colours them with the individual feeling, and sometimes, doubtless, with the partiality, of a partisan.”—Sir Walter Scott's Letter to his Son. "The respect which we justly feel for Clarendon as a writer must not blind us to the faults which he committed as a statesman.... In some respects he was well fitted for his great place. No man wrote abler state papers. No man spoke with more weight and dignity in council and Parliament. No man was better acquainted with general maxims of statecraft. No man observed the varieties of character with a more discriminating eye. It must be added that he had a strong sense of moral and religious obligation, a sincere reverence for the laws of his country, and a conscientious regard for the honour and interest of the crown But his temper was sour, arrogant, and impatient of opposition."-T. B. MACAULAY: Hist. of England, q. v. "A clear and elaborate view of the finances of the sister island." -LOWNDES. Clarendon, Thomas. Treatise on the Foot of the Horse, Dubl., 1847, 12mo. Claridge, John. The Shepherd of Banbury's Rules to know of the Change of the Weather, Lon., 1744, 8vo; reprinted, 1827, 8vo. This little work, once very popular, has been attributed to John Campbell, LL.D. Claridge, John. Agricult. of Dorset, Lon., 1793, 4to. "It seems judiciously performed.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. Claridge, Richard, 1649-1723, an eminent Quaker writer, b. in Warwickshire; entered of Baliol Coll., Oxf., 1666; Rector of Peopleton, Worcester, 1673; joined the Baptists, 1691; joined the Quakers about 1697, and became a minister in this society. Serms., 1689, '91. Answer to Richard Allen, 1697, 4to. Mercy Covering the Judgment-Seat, &c., 1700, 4to. His Case and Trial, 1710, 4to. The Novelty and Nullity of Dissatisfaction, &c., 1714. Lux Evangelica Attestata. Melius Inquirendum Tractatus Hierographicus. Life and Posthumous Works, by Joseph Besse, 1726, 8vo. |