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A respectable authority thus commends Mr. Abbott's arguments are formed with little attention to vigour, we must reMother at Home: member that he wrote for many who cannot appreciate a course of reasoning that is not conducted in a popular manner."-North American Review.

"There has never before, perhaps, issued from the press a work so important to mothers as the one before us. It takes such estimates of the maternal character as are overwhelming in their solemnity. The author has shown himself a master of his subject, and he has treated it with equal delicacy and force."-London Evangelical Magazine.

Abdy, E. S. 1. Cases of Diseases cured by Cold Water, Lon., 8vo. 2. Residence and Tour in U.S., 1833, '34, 3 vols. p. 8vo.

Abdy, Stotherd, Archdeacon of Essex. 1. A Sermon before the Sons of the Clergy, 1759. 2. A Sermon at a School Feast, 1763. 3. Sermon preached at the Assizes holden at Chelmsford, before the Hon. Mr. Baron Perrot, 1773.

Abdy, T. A., Rector of Thoydan garnon. A Sermon preached before the Epping Troop of West Essex, Y. C., 1797.

Abdy, Wm. Jervis, Rector of St. John's, Southwark. The British Christian's Duty to make Prayers and Supplications for the King in the Day of Trouble, a Sermon, Psalm xx. 1-4, London, 1812.

Abdy, Mrs., an English lady, favourably known as a contributor to the periodical literature of the day. A volume of her poems has been printed for private circulation. Her writings are deserving of high praise for their religious spirit and grace of style.

A Becket, Gilbert Abbott. See BECKET, p. 152. A Becket, St. Thomas. See BECKET, p. 152. Abeel, David, 1804-1846, b. New Brunswick, N.J., a missionary of the Dutch Reformed Church to the East. 1. Journal of a Residence in China, 1829-33. 2. Missionary Convention at Jerusalem, 1838, N. York, 12mo. 3. The Claims of the World to the Gospel. See Memoirs, by Rev. G. R. Williamson, 1849.

Abel, Clark, M.D., 1780-1826, principal medical officer and naturalist to the embassy of Lord Amherst to China in 1816. Personal Observations made during the Progress of the British Embassy through China, and on its Voyage to and from that Country, in the Years 1816-17, 1818, 4to. This work, valuable as it is, would have been much fuller had not many of the doctor's papers been lost in the "Alceste" on her return voyage.

Abel, Thomas. See ABLE.

Abercrombie, Patrick, M. D., 1656-1720, born at Forfar, in Angus. His principal work was The Martial Achievements of the Scots Nation, Edinburgh, 1711-15, of which Lowndes says:

"The first volume abounds in the marvellous, but the second is valuable on account of its accurate information respecting the British history in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Roxburgh, £5. 7. 6."

Abercromby, David, a Scotchman, the author of a number of medical works, published from 1684-87.

Abercromby, David, supposed to be the same as the preceding, wrote, 1. Protestancy to be embraced, or a Method to reduce Romanists from Popery to Protestancy, London, 1682. 2. A Moral Discourse on the power of Interest, London, 1690-94, and 1744.

Aberdeen, George, Earl of. An Inquiry into the Principles of Beauty in Grecian Architecture, Lond., 1822. Aberdour, Alexander. Observations on Small Pox, &c., Edinburgh, 1791.

Abernethie, Thomas, sometime a Jesuit. 1. Abjuration of Popery, Edinburgh, 1638. 2. His Speech, wherein is discovered the Villany and Hellish Plots, wrought in the Pope's Court, against these our Three Kingdoms, London, 1641.

Abernethy, John, Bishop of Caithness. Christian and Heavenly Treatise concerning Physicke for the Soule. London, 1622.

Abernethy, John, 1680-1740, born at Coleraine, died at Dublin, a Presbyterian divine, and noted for his zeal in the cause of the Protestant religion.

"He was a burning and a shining light in his day. Polished in manners, possessing a rich fund of intelligence, with uncommon powers of conversation, &c., he was esteemed and admired as a man, in the private intercourse of life."-JAMIESON.

His Sermons on the Being and Perfections of God were widely celebrated, as is evinced by the many editions which have been printed. Four volumes of Posthumous Sermons were published in 1748, 1751, with a life of the author prefixed.

"For solidity of argument, strength and clearness of reasoning, and justness of sentiment, the Discourses on the Attributes aro Abell, John, an English musician. A Collection of equal, if not superior, to any thing of the kind in the English language."-Protestant Preacher. Songs in several Languages, London, 1701.

Abell, Mrs. L. G. Gems by the Wayside, N. York, 12mo. The Skilful Housewife's Book, N. York, 12mo. Abercrombie, John, 1726–1806, a Scotchman, who wrote many works on Horticulture. His first work, the Gardener's Calendar, was published in the name of Mr. Mawe, gardener to the Duke of Leeds. For this loan of his name, Mr. Mawe received a gratuity of twenty guineas. Abercrombie published fourteen works on his favourite subject, the most important of which was The Universal Gardener and Botanist, or a General Dictionary of Gardening and Botany, exhibiting in botanical arrangement, according to the Linnæan System, every Tree, Shrub, and Herbaceous Plant that merits Culture, &c., London, 1778. Abercrombie, John, M. D., 1781-1844, born at Aberdeen. He was deservedly esteemed in his profession, and equally so as a writer upon Metaphysics. He made the physician the instructor of the philosopher, and sanctified the knowledge of the one and the meditations of the other by the most fervent piety. With these qualifications for usefulness, the death of Dr. Abercrombie was indeed a public calamity. He studied in Edinburgh, and took his degree there on June 4, 1803. He became a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1805. On the decease of the celebrated Dr. Gregory, in 1821, he began to occupy the most prominent position as a practising and consulting physician not only in Edinburgh, but in all Scotland.

"The writings of Dr. Abercrombie contribute no less to the esta blishment and maintenance of his fame than his very useful career as a practical member of his profession."

1. Pathological and Practical Researches on Diseases of the Spinal Cord, Edin., 1828, 8vo.

"In this work, which is characterized by no ordinary degree of purely scientific knowledge, he also gave an indication of the bent of his genius to the study of mind and its relations to the body." 2. Pathological and Practical Researches on the Diseases of the Intestinal Canal, Liver, and other Viscera of the Abdomen, Edin., 1828, 8vo. His Inquiries concerning the Intellectual Powers was published in 1830, The Philosophy of the Moral Feelings in 1833.

"On the whole, this work [Intellectual Powers] must be considered as containing much useful information. If some of his

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These Discourses were published, London, 1740, &c. Abernethy, John, 1763-1831, Surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, and Teacher of Anatomy and Surgery. His birthplace is a matter of doubt; either the town of Abernethy in Scotland, or Derry in Ireland. He was sixteen years of age when apprenticed to Mr. (afterwards Sir Charles) Blick, then Surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital. At the age of twenty-two, he was appointed Assistant Surgeon, and at the death of Sir Charles commenced his series of physiological and surgical essays, Blick he succeeded to the principal post. In 1793, he which in 1797 were combined into an 8vo volume. In 1784, he published part of his Surgical Observations, containing a classification of tumours, with cases to illustrate the history of each species, &c., and two years afterwards, Part Second appeared, presenting an account of disorders of the health in general, and of the digestive organs in particular, which accompany local diseases and obstruct Constitutional Origin and Treatment of Local Disease, their cure. In 1809, he gave to the public his work on the and on Aneurism. A separate volume was likewise published by him on Diseases resembling Syphilis, and Injuries of the Head; as also, (in 1814,) An Inquiry into Life, in which he embodied the substance of the first two the Probability and Rationality of Hunter's Theory of lectures he delivered before the College of Surgeons, as their professor, and wherein he maintained and illustrated the doctrines of his great master. He expired at his country residence at Enfield, April 20, 1831. His disease although he attributed much to the stomach,) and consewas asthma, (complicated probably with diseased heart, quent dropsy. His body was not examined, in accordance, as it is understood, with his own desire. As a surgeon, Abernethy was surpassed by none of his contemporaries. Hunter had previously proposed and practised the application of ligature on the femoral artery for the cure of popliteal aneurism; and this principle was further and successfully extended by Abernethy to the external iliac and carotid arteries, in the treatment of the same disease in some of their offsets. His simple and impressive style of lecturing never failed to enchain the attention of his audience; while a certain degree of dogmatism and contempt of those

who differed from him had too much the effect of render- | ing his hearers any thing but humble-minded in their judgment of others. In his writings, as in his lectures, his style is clear, simple, and concise.-Rose's New Biog. Dict. His great success in life must be, in a great measure, attributed to his having directed the attention of the public to the influence of derangement of the organs of digestion on all the diseases to which flesh is heir. This view of the subject was not altogether novel, but the profession had not paid sufficient attention to it. Abernethy always opposed, with great zeal, the artificial line of demarcation drawn between surgery and medicine; he considering the two sciences as "one and indivisible." Let the reader imagine a snug, elderly, sleek, and venerable-looking man, approaching seventy years of age, rather below than above the middle height, somewhat inclined to corpulency, and still upright in his carriage, with his hair most primly powdered, and nicely curled round his brow and temples. Let them imagine such a person habited in sober black, with his feet thrust carelessly in a pair of unlaced halfboots, and his hands deposited in the pockets of his "peculiars," and they have the "glorious John" of the profession before their eyes.-Physic and Physicians. Abernethy's rudeness of manner is well known, and was a great blemish in the character of one who really possessed a most benevolent heart. We subjoin some anecdotes of this eminent physician, collected from various sources.

His eccentricities disgusted so many patients, that Sir Astley Cooper used to say, "Abernethy's manner was worth a thousand a year to him."

Some of his patients he would cut short with "Sir, I have heard enough! You have heard of my book?" "Yes." "Then go home and read it." To a lady complaining of low spirits, he would say, "Don't come to me! Go and buy a skipping-rope!" Sometimes, however, he met with his match:-Cutting a gentleman, one day, short, the patient suddenly locked the door, slipped the key into his pocket, and protested he would be heard; which so pleased Abernethy, that he not only complied with the patient's wishes, but complimented him on the resolute manner he adopted.

The following is a list of his works:-1. Surgical and Physiological Essays, London, 1793-97, three parts. 2. Surgical Observations, containing a Classification of Tumours, with cases to illustrate the History of each Species. An account of Diseases which strikingly resemble the Venereal Disease, and various Cases illustrative of different Surgical Subjects, London, 1804. 3. Surgical Observations, Part Second, containing an Account of the Disorders of the Health in general, and of the Digestive Organs in particular, which accompany Local Diseases, and obstruct their cure. Observations on the diseases of the Urethra, particularly of that part which is surrounded by the Prostate Gland: and observations relative to the Treatment of one species of the Nævi Maternæ, London, 1806, 1816. The four following articles may be considered as an enlarged edition of this and the preceding: 4. Surgical Observations on the Constitutional Origin and Treatment of Local Diseases, and on Aneurisms, London, 1809; third edition, 1813. 5. Surgical Observations, Part Second, containing Observations on the Origin and Treatment of Pseudo-syphilitic Diseases, and on Diseases of the Urethra, London, 1810. 6. Surgical Observations on Injuries of the Head, and other Miscellaneous Subjects, London, 1810. 7. Surgical Observations on Tumours, and on Lumbar Abscess, London, 1811. This and the preceding are intended to form two volumes. 8. An Inquiry into the Probability and Rationality of Mr. Hunter's Theory of Life, being the subject of the first two Anatomical Lectures before the Royal College of Surgeons, London, 1814. 9. The Introductory Lecture for the year 1815, exhibiting some of Mr. Hunter's Opinions respecting Diseases; delivered before the Royal College of Surgeons, London, 1815. 10. Physiological Lectures, 1817. Surgical Works, a new edition, 1815. 11. An Account of a singular Disease in the Upper Maxillary Sinus. Trans. Med. et Chir. 2p. 309, 1800. 12. Account of Two Instances of Uncommon Formations in the Viscera of the Human Body. Phil. Trans., 1793, Abr. 18p. 295. 13. Observations on the Foramen Thebesii of the Heart. Phil. Trans., 1798, Abr. 18p. 287. 14. Some Particulars in the Anatomy of the Whale. Phil. Trans. IV. 1796, Abr. 18p. 675. The celebrated "My Book," to which he was so fond of referring his patients, was the 'Surgical Observations, &c." (See Nos. 2 and 3 above.) He thus addresses a patient, "Well, sir, as to the question of diet, I must refer you to my book. There are only about a dozen pages, in which you will find (beginning at page 73) all that is necessary for you to know. I am christened

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He was a great enemy to prolix explanations on the part of his patients. "People come here," he would often say, "to consult me, and they will torture me with their long, foolish, fiddle-de-dee stories; so we quarrel; and then they blackguard me all about this busy town; but I can't help that." A lady, determined to treat him after his own fashion, having in some way injured her thumb, on enter-Doctor My-Book,' and satirized under that name all over ing his room, merely thrust it out towards him, with "My thumb, sir!" "You, madam," said he, "are the only sensible woman I ever had for a patient."

The Duke of W—, having insisted on seeing him out of his usual hours, abruptly entered his parlour one day; he asked him how he got into the room. "By the door," was the reply. "Then," said Abernethy, "I recommend you to make your exit by the same way." He refused to attend George the Fourth until he had delivered his lecture at the hospital; in consequence of which he lost a royal appointment.

On Abernethy's receiving the appointment of Professor of Anatomy and Surgery to the Royal College of Physicians, a professional friend observed to him that they should have something new. "What do you mean?" asked Abernethy. "Why," said the other, "of course you will brush up the lectures which you have been so long delivering at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and let us have them in an improved form." "Do you take me for a fool or a knave?" rejoined Abernethy. "I have always given the students at the hospital that to which they were entitled-the best produce of my mind. If I could have made my lectures to them better, I would certainly have made them so. I will give the College of Surgeons precisely the same lectures, down to the smallest details; nay, I will tell the old fellows how to make a poultice." Soon after, when he was lecturing to the students at St. Bartholomew's, and adverting to the College of Surgeons, he chucklingly exclaimed, "I told the big wigs how to make a poultice." It is said, by those who have seen it, that Dr. Abernethy's explanation of the art of making a poultice was irresistibly entertaining. His hobby retained full possession of his mind to the end of his life. He attributed, as we have seen, his disease in a great measure to the stomach. He said, "It is all stomach: we use our stomach ill when we are young, and it uses us ill when we are old."

He wrote for Dr. Rees's Cyclopædia the anatomical and physiological articles, from the letter A to the word Canal; of which that on Artery is considered the most important. -Georgian Era; "Physic and Physicians."

England; but who would sit and listen to a long lecture of twelve pages, or remember one-half of it when it is done? So I have reduced my directions into writing, and there they are, for anybody to follow, if they please."

The reader should procure Mr. George Macilwain's Memoirs of John Abernethy, with a view of his Writings, Lectures, and Character, London, 2 vols., p. 8vo. 1853.

"Abernethy's memory is worthy of a good biographer, and hap pily it has found one. Mr. Macilwain writes well; and, evidently, in giving the history of his deceased friend he executed a labour of love."-London Standard.

Abingdon, Earl of. See BERTIE, WILLOUGHBY. Abingdon,or Abington, or Habington, Thomas. Antiquities of the Cathedral Churches of Chichester and Litchfield, London, 1717. Reprinted under the title of Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Worcester, to which are added the Antiquities of the Cathedrals of Chichester and Litchfield, London, 1723.

Abington, William. See HABINGTON.

Able or Abel, Thomas, an English divine, executed at Smithfield, temp. Henry VIII., 1540. The title which follows sufficiently explains the offence given to the king; to which Able added the still further provocation of denying the king's supremacy in matters ecclesiastical: 1. Tractatus de non dissolvendo Henrici et Catherine matrimonio, Invicta Veritas. An Answer that by no manner of means it may be lawful for the King to be divorced from the Queen's Grace, his lawful Wife. The king did not, as in the case of Luther, attempt to confute Dr. Able by polemical arguments, but this being a question where the sword was likely to be more powerful than the pen, his majesty brought into requisition a logic which has never failed to silence-if not convince. Dr. Able's reasoning may have been perfect, but he argued at a disad vantage. Between a syllogism and an axe the contest is unequal. The king gained his point, for he was divorced. and remarried; while good Dr. Able sealed his testimony at Smithfield.

Abrabanel, Solomon. Complaints of the Children of Israel, &c., London, 1736. This refers to the Test Act.

ABR

Acton. Fruit from Canaan, London, 1709.
Acton, George. Medical writer, published London,
1668-70.

Acton, Henry. Six Lectures on the Dignity, Office,
and Work of our Lord Jesus Christ. In explanation of
Unitarian views of the Gospel, 12mo., London, 1830.
Acton, J. Contributor to Nich. Journal.
Acton, S. Published sundry sermons, 1714-17.
Acton, T. Herman, of the Middle Temple. Reports
of cases argued and determined before the Commissioners
of Appeals in prize causes; also, an appeal to the king in
Council, concerning the judgments in June, 1809, vol. i.,
part i., 1809; vol. i., part ii., 1811.

Acton, W. A new Journal of Italy, Lond. 1691,1794.
Acton, William, late Surgeon at Islington Dispensary.
Diseases of the Urinary and Generative Organs in both
Sexes: Non-Specific Diseases; Syphilis, Lon., 8vo; 2d ed.
Aculeus. Letters on the Cow-Pox, 1805.

Adair. A Sketch of the Character of the late Duke
of Devonshire, London, 1811.

Adair, James, died 1798, Sergeant-at-Law, M.P.
1. Thoughts on the Dismission of Officers for their con-
duct in Parliament, 1764. 2. Observations on the Power
3. Discussions of the
of Alienation in the Crown, 1768.
Law of Libels, 1785.

Abraham, J. H.. Juvenile Essays, &c., London, 1806. Acca, died 740. In the course of his numerous writings, Bede introduces the names of several of his literary friends, most of whom, as we learn from other sources, were eminently distinguished for their learning and virtues. Many of the most important of his commentaries on the Scriptures were composed at the desire of Acca, Bishop of Hexham, and dedicated to that prelate. Acca was a man of considerable learning, and great piety; he had received his first instructions among the congregation of scholars assembled around Bishop Bosa, and he quitted their society to place himself under Wilfred, who ordained him a presbyter. He continued to be one of Wilfred's most faithful followers until his death, accompanied him on his last journey to Rome, (where he finished his studies,) and was chosen to succeed him in the see of Hexham. Bede describes the zeal with which he laboured to adorn and enlarge his church, and to enrich it with "a most ample and noble library." In 731, when Bede completed his history, Acca is mentioned as still holding the bishopric of Hexham; but soon afterwards, in 732 or 733, he was He seems driven from it for some cause now unknown. to have retired to Whitern, (Candida Casa,) where he remained a few years. The date of his death is uncertain; but the best authorities place it on the twentieth of October, 740, when his body was carried to Hexham, to be buried in the church which owed to him so much of its beauty. Bale and Pits have so far misunderstood the words of Bede, as to attribute to Acca a collection of lives of the saints whose relics were deposited in the church of Hexham, and a treatise, "De ecclesiasticis sui chori officiis." On the same authority also, Leyser places the name of Acca in the list of medieval Latin poets. Leland speaks as having seen a collection of his letters, one of which, addressed to Bede, is still preserved, in which he urges that scholar to devote his learning to the illustration of the Scriptures.--Abbreviated from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. Accum, Frederick, 1769–1838, born at Westphalia, teacher of practical chemistry, pharmacy, and mineralogy, London. 1. System of Theoretical and Practical Chemistry, plates, 2 vols., 1803. 2. A Practical Essay on the Analysis of Minerals, exemplifying the best methods of analyzing ores, earths, stones, inflammable fossils, and mineral substances in general, 1804. 3. A Manual of Analytical Mineralogy, intended to facilitate the Practical 4. A Practical TreaAnalysis of minerals, 2 vols., 1808. tise on Gas-lights, exhibiting a summary Description of the Apparatus and Machinery best calculated for illuminating streets, houses, and manufactories, illustrated with seven coloured plates, 1815. 5. Chemical Recreations. 6. A Practical Essay, or Chemical Re-agents, or Tests, illustrated by a series of experiments, 1816. 7. Chemical Amusements, comprising a series of curious and instructive In addition to these Experiments in Chemistry, 1817. works, Mr. Accum was the author of many contributions to Nicholson's Journal.

Adair, James, a trader and resident among the
North American Indians for 40 years. He published the
History of the American Indians, particularly those na-
tions adjoining the Mississippi, East and West Florida,
South Carolina, Georgia, and Virginia, London, 1775.
Mr. Adair espouses the opinion that the North American
Indians are descended from the Hebrews.

Adair, James Makittrick, M.D., 1728–1802, was
born at Inverness. He resided for some time in the West
Indies, and took much interest in the exciting question
of the Abolition of Slavery. His kindness to the slaves
was so marked as to gain their warmest affections. He
was a most determined opponent of quackery, and thereby
became involved in many controversies. Philip Thick-
nesse and Adair, either no mean hand at a quarrel, took
up the cudgels against each other. He wrote a number
of medical and miscellaneous works.

Adair, John. A hydrographer; pub. 1688-1703.
Adair, Robert, M.P. A poetical writer, 1796-1802.
Adair, W. James. A lawyer and native of London,
author of several legal treatises, 1764-1785.

Adair, William. A medical writer, 1793.
Adalard is only known as one of the early biogra-
phers of Dunstan, who probably brought him over from
Ghent, as he states that he was a monk of the same
monastery in which Dunstan had found an asylum during
his exile. He dedicated his Life of Dunstan to Archbishop
| Alfheh, at whose desire it was written, and who was
raised to the see of Canterbury in 1006. Adalard's Life
of Dunstan is called in some manuscripts an "Eulogium;"
it is, in fact, rather a commemorative sermon than a his-
tory, and is written in a declamatory style.- Wright's
Biog. Brit. Lit.

Achard. Remarks on Swallows, &c., Phil. Trans.
Achard. Treatises on Chemistry, 1784.
Achard, F. C. Cultivation of the Beet; Phil. Trans.
1. Britannic Constitution; or,
Acherley, Roger.
The Fundamental Form of Government in Britain, demon-
strating the original contract entered into by the King and
People, Lon., 1727. 2. The Free Parliament, 1731, 8vo. 3.
Reasons for Uniformity in the State: being a Supplement
to the Britannic Constitution, 1780, 8vo.

Achesone, James. Military Garden, Edin., 1629.
Ackin, Joseph. Mysteries of Counterfeiting, 1696.
Ackland, J. True Patriotism, 1818.

Ackland, J., a political economist. An Answer to a Pamphlet published by Edward King, Esq., in which he attempts to prove the Public Utility of the National Debt; a confutation of that pernicious doctrine, and a true statement of the real cause of the present high price of provisions, 1796.

Ackland, Thomas Gilbank, of St. John's College, Cambridge, author of Miscellaneous Poems, 1812. Two Sermons, published 1789, 1813.

Ackworth, George, LL.D, an English divine and civilian, temp. Queen Mary. He assisted Archbishop Parker in his Antiquitates Britannica, and wrote against the Roman Catholic Church. His works were published, 1562, 1573, 1577.

Acland, Hugh Dyke. A Brief sketch of the History
and Present Situation of the Vaudois, 1825.
Acres, Joseph. Author of sundry sermons, London,

1714-28.

Acryse, L. Church Catechism explained, Lond., 1702.
Acton, E. de. Published sundry novels, 1803-10.

Adam, Alexander, LL.D., 1741-1809, Rector of
the High School of Edinburgh. An excellent scholar, as
his works on Ancient Geography and on Roman Antiqui-
ties sufficiently prove. The Summary of Geography and
History was first published, Edinburgh, 1784. Roman An-
tiquities, Edinburgh, 1791. The latter work is preferred
to Dr. Kennet's on the same subject.
Adam, Archibald, M.D. Medical contributor to
Phil. Trans.

Adam, Dean. A Funeral Sermon, 1766.
Adam, or Adams, James. Practical Essays on
Agriculture, London, 1789, 2 vols., and 1794, 2 vols.
Adam, John. A writer on Mathematics, London,
1794, &c.

Adam, Robert, 1728-1792, an architect of much
note. His father, also an architect, sent him to the Uni-
versity of Edinburgh, where he made the acquaintance of
Hume, Robertson, &c. He went to Italy, and profited by
his diligent observation. Desirous of obtaining a know-
ledge of the habitations of the ancients, in 1757 he
visited, with M. Clerisseau, the ruins of Dioclesian's
palace at Spalatro. The result of this visit was given to
the world in 1764, in Ruins of the Palace of the Emperor
Dioclesian, at Spalatro, in Dalmatia, illustrated with 71
plates. In 1762 he received the appointment of Architect
to their Majesties. In conjunction with his brother, Mr.
James Adam, he published several numbers of a book en-

titled The Works in Architecture of R. and J. Adam.
These contain descriptions of Sion-house, Caen-Wood,
Lecton Park-house, and some edifices at Whitehall, Edin-

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burgh, &c., 4 parts, 1773-76. His buildings in Edinburgh and Glasgow have been much commended. The Adelphi and Portland Place in London are specimens of the taste of Mr. R. Adam. In the former he was assisted by his brother James, who died in 1794.

Adam, Robert, B.A., Minister of the Episcopal congregation, Blackfriars Wynd, Edinburgh. The Religious World Displayed, &c., Edinburgh, 1809.

"Generally correct and candid, though with a natural leaning to the Episcopal Church of Scotland, of which the author was a member."-Evangelical Magazine.

Adam Scotus, or the Scotchman, died 1180, was a monk of the order of Premontré, and a famous Sorbonne doctor. He wrote the Life of David I. of Scotland, who died 1153. Many of his works are still in MS. A selection was printed in Antwerp in 1659.

Adam De Marisco, (of the Marsh,) date of birth and death unknown. Born in Somersetshire, England; studied at Oxford, and became famous for his learning. He was a friend of Robert Grossteste and Roger Bacon. Many of his works exist in MS. A copy of his letters, very curious and interesting, is in the British Museum. Adam of Murimouth, an English historian of the fourteenth century, was educated at Oxford, and afterwards a canon of St. Paul's, London. His history comprehends only a portion of the fourteenth century.

"It was printed at Oxford in 1722, by Anthony Hall: and a small portion was edited by Thomas Hearne, who was ignorant of its author, and gave it anonymously in the appendix to the History of Walter Hemingford, printed at Oxford in 1731."-Rose's Biog. Dic.

Adam, Thomas, 1701-1784, born at Leeds, was for 58 years the rector of Wintringham, Lincolnshire. No offers of preferment could induce him to relinquish his charge. He was the author of a number of religious, works. The Exposition of St. Matthew's Gospel was published in 1805, and in 1837 the Rev. A. Westoby added to the above the notes on St. Mark, St. Luke, and St. John, and prefixed to the work a life of the author.

"Perhaps few were better fitted to write a practical experimental commentary on any part of the Scriptures than this author, whose pregnant briefness of remark, and deep acquaintance with experimental religion, would preserve him from prolixity, and enable him to present the most useful view of the subject to the mind. The present posthumous work will be found characterized by all the best peculiarities of the author."-Record.

The Rev. Thomas Hartwell Horne, a most competent judge in the premises, gives this high character to "The Exposition:"

"Brevity of remark, fervent piety, and intimate acquaintance with the human heart, characterize this Exposition of the Four Gospels." "Such a writer as Mr. Adam takes us out of our ordinary track of reading and reflection, and shows us ourselves. He scrutinizes the whole soul, dissipates the false glare which is apt to mislead the judgment; exposes the imperfections of what is apparently most pure and inviting; and thus teaches us to make our religion more and more spiritual, holy, solid, practical, humble, and sincere."-REV. DANIEL WILSON.

"This work has been justly pronounced a masterly and excellent exposition."

Adam, William, Esq., Chancellor and Keeper of the Great Seal. The Correspondence between Mr. Adam and Mr. Bowles respecting the Duke of Bedford, London, 1794. A number of Mr. Adam's speeches in the House of Commons have been published.

Adamnan is supposed to have been a native of Ireland, but the date of his birth is not known.

Editions of Adamnan's works:-1. Canisii Antiquæ Lectiones, 4to, 1601, tom. iv. Edward Basnage, fol. Antwerp, 1725, tom. i., p. 678. The Life of St. Columba. 2. Adamanni Scotohiberni Abbatis celeberrimi, de Situ Terræ Sanctæ, et quorundam aliorum locorum ut Alexandriæ et Constantinopoleos, Libri tres. Ante annos nongentos et amplius conscripti, et nunc primum in lucem prolati, studio Jacobi Gretseri Societatis Jesu Theologi. Accessit eorundem librorum Breviarium, seu Compendium, breviatore venerabili Beda Presbytero, cum prolegomenis et notis. Small Quarto, Ingolstadt, 1619. 3. Messingham, Florilegium Insula Sanctorum seu Vitæ et Acta Sanctorum Hiberniæ, fol., Paris, 1624, p. 141. The life of St. Columba, reprinted from Canisius, who edited it from a MS. at Windberg, in Bavaria. 4. Colgan, Triadis Thaumaturgæ seu Divorum Patricii, Columbæ, et Brigidæ, trium veteris et majoris Scotiæ, seu Hiberniæ Sanctorum insulæ, communium patronorum Acta, fol., Lovanii, 1647, tom. ii., p. 336. The Life of Columba, from a MS. at Augst, exhibiting a more complete and better text than that of Canisius. 5. Acta Sanctorum Ordinis S. Benedicti. Sæculum III., pars secunda, fol., Paris, 1672. The treatise De Locis Sanctis, from Gretser's edition, com

pared with three MSS. 6. Acta Sanctorum Junii, tom. ii., fol., Antverpiæ, 1698, p. 197. The Life of Columba, reprinted from Colgan. Abbreviated from Wright's Biog.

He

Adams, Abigail, wife of John Adams, second President of the United States of America, and mother of John Quincy Adams, sixth President of the United States. Her grandson, Charles Francis Adams, q. v., has published a collection of her Letters; fourth edition, Bost., 1848, 12mo. Adams, Amos, 1727–75, minister at Roxbury, Massachusetts, was graduated at Harvard College, 1752. published a number of sermons, 1756-69. In two discourses on the General Fast, April 6, 1769, he gave A Concise Historical View of the Difficulties, Hardships, and Perils, which attended the planting and progressive improvement of New England, with a particular Account of its long and destructive Wars, expensive Expeditions, &c.; republished in London, 1770.

Adams, C. Edgar Clifton, 16mo, 1854; Boys at Home, 16mo, New York, 1854.

Adams, Charles B., 1814–1853, an American naturalist, has published a number of papers on Conchology. Catalogue of Shells collected at Panama, New York, 1852, 4to and Svo.

Adams, Charles Francis, son of John Quincy Adams, born 1807, Boston, Massachusetts. Editor "Letters of Mrs. Adams," fourth edition, 1848. Ed. "Letters of John Adams, addressed to his Wife." Ed. "Life and Works of John Adams," 10 vols., 8vo. Mr. Adams has rendered great service to American literature, in the preparation of the voluminous and highly-important works of his grandfather.

Adams, Eliphalet, 1676-1753, a minister of New London, Connecticut, published sundry sermons, 1709-27. London, 1798. Adams, Francis. Plans for raising the Taxes.

Adams, Francis. Writing Tables, 1594. Adams, George. Several religious works, Lon. Adams, George, father and son. Lectures, Lon., 1794, 5 vols. 8vo; new ed., enlarged by William Jones, 1799, 5 vols. 8vo. Various treatises on mathematical instruments, &c., Lon., 1747-95.

Adams, George. New System of Agriculture and Feeding Stock, Lon., 1810.

Adams, Hannah, 1755-1832, b. at Medfield, Mass. Believing that a work upon a comprehensive plan which should give the history of the various religions of the world was much wanted, she undertook to compile one,-which was published under the title of View of Religion, in three parts: Part 1, containing An Alphabetical Compendium of the Denominations among Christians; 2, A Brief Account of Paganism, Mohammedanism, Judaism, and Deism; 3, An Account of the Religion of the Different Nations of the World. She also wrote: 2. A History of New England. 3. The Evidences of Christianity.

Adams, H. C. 1. New Greek Delectus, Lon., 12mo; 3. new ed., 1857. 2. Greek Text of the Gospels, p. 8vo. Latin Delectus, 12mo. 4. First of June, 1856, 12mo. 5. Greek Exercises. 6. Sivan the Sleeper, 1857, 12mo.

2.

Adams, H. G. 1. British Butterflies, Lon., 16mo Poetical Quotations, 12mo. 3. Sacred Poetical Quotations, 12mo. 4. Favourite Song Birds; 2d ed., 1855, 12mo. 5. Kentish Coronal, 12mo. 6. Nests and Eggs of British Birds; 1st and 2d Series, 16mo. 7. Story of the Seasons; 2d ed., 1855. Other works.

Adams, or Adam, James. Practical Essays on Agriculture, Lon., 1789, 2 vols.; 1794.

Adams, James. The Pronunciation of the English Language vindicated from imputed Anomaly and Caprice, Edin., 1799; and other works.

Adams, John. 1. Index Villaris; or, An Exact Register, alphabetically digested, of all the Cities, &c. in England and Wales, Lon., 1680, '88, 1700. 2. The Renowned City of London surveyed and illustrated in a Latin poem; translated into English by W. F., of Gray's Inn, Lon., 1670. Reprinted in vol. x. of the Harleian Miscellany.

Adams, John, d. 1719, Provost of King's College, a native of London, and a very eloquent preacher, pub. a number of serms., Lon., 1700-16.

Adams, John. The Young Sea-Officer's Assistant, both in his Examination and Voyage, 1773.

Adams, John, Master of the Academy at Pultney. A View of Universal History, 1795. He wrote many other useful educational works.

Adams, John. Works on Horsemanship, Lon., 1799. Adams, John. The Young Ladies' and Gentlemen's Atlas, Lon., 1805.

Adams, John, F.L.S., a writer on Conchology, 1797– 1800.

ADA

Adams, John, 1704-1740, son of John Adams, of Nova A volume of Scotia, graduated at Harvard College, 1721. his poems was published at Boston, 1745. He is stated to have been the "master of nine languages, and conversant with Greek, Latin, Italian, French, and Spanish authors." —Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet.

Adams, John, 1735-1826, second President of the United States of America, was born at Braintree, Mass. "His father determined to give him a collegiate education, and placed him in consequence under the care of Mr. Marsh, that he might be prepared for entrance into the University of Cambridge. He remained in that institution until the year 1755, when he received his Bachelor's degree, and, in 1758, that of Master of Arts." In 1765, he published in the Boston Gazette several pieces, which were reprinted in London, in 1768, by Mr. Thos. Hollis, and called by him A Dissertation on Canon and Feudal Law. He also wrote certain pieces for the Boston Gazette, under the anonymous signature of Novanglus, which were inserted in Almon's Remembrancer. These papers were afterwards collected and pub. in London, in a pamphlet entitled A History of the Quarrel between Great Britain and the American Colonies; A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America against the attack of Mr. Turgot in his letter to Dr. Price dated March 22, 1778, Lon., 1787, '88. This work was reprinted by Stockdale in 1794, who prefixed to it the title of History of the Principal Republics of the World.

"This is both a learned and a judicious work. The writings of Mr. Adams are less known in this country than their merit de mands."-Rose's New Biog. Dict.

Discourses on Davila: a Series of Papers on Political This work History, by an American Citizen, Bost., 1805. was compiled from articles in the Gazette of the United States written by Mr. Adams in 1790. For a complete list of Mr. Adams's pamphlets, &c., see Life and Works of John Adams, second President of the United States; edited by his grandson, Charles Francis Adams, 10 vols. 8vo, 1850-56. "The collection is edited by the Hon. Charles Francis Adams, the depositary of all the manuscripts as well of John Adams as of his father, the late John Quincy Adams, and is intended as the first of two great publications elucidating the history of the rise and progress of these United States from the year 1761, in which the Revolutionary struggle first began, down to the year 1848, when the younger Adams died."

"Of the writings of our Revolutionary worthies none have been presented to the public with so much ability, care, and good faith as those of John Adams. The main portion of the labor devolved on Charles Francis Adams, who has devoted to it several years, and has set an example of thorough research and sound judgment which cannot be too highly commended."-DR. RUFUS W. GRISWOLD. "A contribution to the materials of American history not second in importance and interest to any of the great publications with which it is most obviously to be compared."-N. Amer. Rev. Letters to his Wife, Bost., 1841, 2 vols. 12mo. See ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS.

Mr. Adams and Mr. Jefferson, by a remarkable coincidence, expired on the same day, July 4, 1826, the anniversary of American Independence, which they both had so large a share in promoting.

Adams, John. 1. The Doctrine of Equity: being a
commentary of the law as administered by the Court of
Chancery, Lon., 8vo; 3d Amer. ed., with the Notes and
References to the previous ed., by J. R. Ludlow and J. M.
Collins; and Additional Notes and References to recent
English and American Decisions, by Henry Wharton,
The text-book at Cambridge Law-
Phila., 1855, 8vo.
School, William and Mary College, Cincinnati Law-
School, University of Virginia, University of Mississippi,
2. Treatise on the Principles
&c. See COLLINS, JOHN M.
and Practice of the Action of Ejectment, Lon., 8vo; with
Amer. Notes and Precedents, by J. L. Tillinghast and T.
W. Clerke; with Additional Notes, by Wm. Hogan and T.
W. Waterman, N. York, 1854, 8vo.

Adams, Captain John. Sketches taken during two
Voyages to Africa, &c., Lon., 1833, 8vo.

"A valuable little work."-LOWNDES.

|

Leyden, and a part accompanying Mr. Dana on his
mission to St. Petersburg, acting as Secretary and French
interpreter. Again he was sent to Europe, in 1795, on a
public mission to Holland. From thence he was trans-
ferred to Berlin, where he passed four years, in the last of
which he made a journey through Silesia. His letters were
collected by Mr. Asbury Dickens and published without
authority in London in 1804. They were trans. into Ger-
man by F. G. Friese, with remarks by F. A. Zimmerman,
and pub. at Breslau, 1805; trans. into French by J. Dupuy,
Paris, 1807. Mr. A. trans. the work of Frederick de Gentz,
entitled The Origin and Principles of the American Revo-
He also trans. Wieland's
French Revolution, Phila., 8vo.
lution compared with the Origin and Principles of the
Of his numerous productions the principal
are A Report on Weights and Measures made to Congress,
Oberon, MS.
Wash., 1818, 8vo; Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory, Camb.,
2 vols. 8vo; Dermot McMorrogh, an Historical Tale, Bost.,
1832, 8vo; Letters on the Masonic Institution, 1847, 8vo;
Eulogies on Madison, (1836,) Monroe, (1831,) and La Fa-
See Memoir of the Life of J. Q. Adams, by Josiah Quincy,
yette, (1834;) Jubilee of the Constitution, N. York, 1837.
LL.D., Bost., 1858. A collective ed. of Mr. Adams's works
Adams, Jonas, a writer on law, 1593.
is promised by his son, Charles Francis Adams.

Adams, Joseph, M.D., 1756-1818, an able physician
and teacher of the Institutes and Practice of Medicine. He
1795-1816. See Life of John Hunter.
pub. twelve treatises, &c. of a professional nature, Lon.,

Adams, Joseph, of N. Hampshire, 1719-1783, pub.
some serms., 1757, &c.

Adams, Matthew, d. 1753, of Boston, Massachusetts,
Dr. Benjamin Franklin ac-
wrote some fugitive essays.
knowledges his obligations for access to his library.
Adams, Nehemiah, D.D., b. 1806, Salem, Mass., set-
2. Remarks on
3. Life of John Eliot. 4. South-
tled in Boston. 1. The Baptized Child.
the Unitarian Belief.
5. Friends of Christ in the
Side View of Slavery, 12mo.
New Testament, 1853. 6. Christ a Friend. 7. Communion-
Sabbath. 8. Agnes and the Little Key. 9. Bertha and
her Baptism. 10. Assurance of Faith: being a Sermon
preached before the Massachusetts Convention of Congre-
gational Ministers. 11. Truths for the Times: a Series of
Tracts. 12. Catherine; or, The Early Saved, 1858. Various
Contrib. to Spirit of Pilgrims, Lit.
pamphlet sermons.
Theol. Rev., Bibliotheca Sacra, &c.

Adams, Q., a writer on Longitude, Lon., 1811.
Adams, R. N., D.D. The Opening of the Sealed Book
of the Apocalypse shown to be a Symbol of the Future Re-
publication of the Old Testament, Lon., 1838. See Church
of Eng. Quar. Rev., Oct. 1838.

Adams, Rice, a theological writer, 1708-1736.
Adams, Richard. True and Terrible Relation from
Maltravis, in Malaga, Lon., 1648.

Adams, Richard, d. 1684, a Non-Conformist divine,
educated at Cambridge; expelled for Non-Conformity, 1662.
He compiled the Notes on St. Paul's Epistles to the Philip-
pians and Colossians in Phole's Bible, and assisted his
brother, Thomas Adams, in some other works.

Adams, Robert. Expeditionis Hispanorum in Angliam, vera Descriptio, anno 1588, Roberto Adamo, Authore, 1589.

Adams, Robert, b. Hudson, N. York. Narrative of
Robert Adams, a sailor, who was wrecked on the Western
Coast of Africa in 1810, was detained three years in slavery
by the Arabs of the Great Desert, and resided several months
in the city of Timbuctoo. Pronounced an imposition by the
N. Amer. Rev., vol. v., 1817.

"A curious, marvellous, but authentic narrative."-LOWNDES.
Adams, S. Elements of Reading, Lon., 1781.
Adams, Samuel, D.D., pub. some serms., 1716.
Adams, Samuel, 1722-1803, Governor of Massa-

Adams, John Couch, b. 1817, Cornwall, Eng., a dis-chusetts, graduated at Harvard College, 1740. He wrote
tinguished astronomer, contrib. many valuable papers to
Mem. Ast. Soc., Phil. Trans., &c.

Adams, Rev. John Greenleaf, b. 1810, Portsmouth,
New Hampshire. Practical Hints to Universalists. Chris-
Edited and contrib. to "Our Day; a Gift for
tian Victor.
the Times." Also, in connexion with Rev. E. H. Chapin,
The Fountain, a Gift for Temperance; and Hymns for
Editor of Gospel Teacher, &c.
Christian Devotion.
Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848, sixth President
of the United States, was b. July 11, at Quincy, Mass., son
At the
of John Adams, second President of the U. States.
age of ten he accompanied his father to Europe, and, under
his eye, prosecuted his studies during the greater part of
the ensuing ten years, being part of the time at school in

a number of political essays.

Adams, Sarah Flower, d. 1848, a musical composer;
authoress of works collected under the title of Adoration,
Aspiration, and Belief. She wrote some poetical pieces and
criticisms.

Adams, T. Democracy Unveiled, Lon., 1811.
Adams, T. History of the Town of Shaftesbury, 1809.
Adams, Thomas. Serm. on Rev. xxii. 12, 1660.
Adams, Thomas, a theological writer, pub. 1613-33.
Adams, Thos., d. 1670, wrote in opposition to the Es-
tablished Ch. of Eng., and on the Principles of Religion.
Adams, Wm. Complete History of the Civil Wars in
Scotland, 1644-46; 2d ed., Edin., 1724.

Adams, Wm. Fifteen Occasional Serms., Oxon.,1716

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