8. BUST BY BEHNES.-A bust of Carlyle was modelled by Behnes for the Crystal Palace Portrait Gallery. The short biographical and critical notices in the catalogue-very able they were, but in Carlyle's case rather disparaging-were written by Samuel Phillips, author of Caleb Stukely, and for many years literary critic to the Times.

9. Mr HERDMAN painted a portrait which was exhibited in the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1876. Good, both as a painting and a likeness.

10. There is a medallion by WOOLNER, of which it is quite unnecessary to say that it is in the highest degree artistic, marked by grace and delicacy; but it is not a speaking likeness.

II. Mr CRITTENDEN has executed a bust; and so has Mrs D. O. HILL, to whom Carlyle gave sittings in the week of his address to the students at Edinburgh.

12. Mr J. E. BOEHM, A.R.A., the sculptor of the statue of John Bunyan erected at Bedford, completed a fine statue of Carlyle in 1876, from which the portrait facing title-page is engraved. The venerable author is seated in an armchair, and the likeness is simply perfect. The statue, which gave great satisfaction to its subject (and he was by no means easy to please in such matters), was exhibited in the Royal Academy, and it has been proposed by the Rev. Gerald Blunt, rector of Chelsea, that the people of that parish shall acquire the statue, and set it up on the Thames Embankment at the end of Cheyne Row. Mr Boehm is warmly eulogised by Carlyle in the essay on The Portraits of Knox, where it is declared that his judgment of painting and knowledge of the history, styles, and epochs of it seemed to the essayist far beyond that of any other man he had communed with.

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13. Mr MILLAIS executed a portrait in 1879. It is a seated figure, the hands on the lap, one leg crossed on the other, with strongly-contrasted light and shade on the powerful, deeply-indented features, the ashy brownness of the complexion, and the whitish iron-grey of the stubbly beard and thick moustaches. This is thought by some to be the noblest of all the portraits.

14. Mr HOWARD, M.P., who lately succeeded his father in the representation of East Cumberland, and who is heirpresumptive to the Earldom of Carlisle, executed more than one striking sketch of the sage, who was his intimate friend. It was Mr Howard who acted with so much energy and enthusiasm as the secretary of the Eastern Question Association.

15. G. F. WATTS, R.A., has painted a portrait, which has been etched by M. RAJON. The artist's proofs, numbering 125 only, were sold at three prices-with remarques, at fifteen guineas; on Japanese paper, at six guineas; on Whatman paper, at five.

16. J. M. WHISTLER'S portrait, exhibited at the first Exhibition of the Grosvenor Gallery, but not a new work then, has been variously estimated. Some conceive it to be "one of the most acceptable achievements" of Mr Whistler; and it was said that Carlyle, at the time of its production, considered it the finest portrait of himself that had till then been painted. Others declared that it was "no more Carlyle than a lump of black anthracite is a glowing fire;" for our own part, we sympathise with the latter opinion. Carlyle is represented seated on a wicker-bottomed chair, dressed in black, with a brown cloak or shawl thrown over his knees, on the top of which rests his black wide-awake hat, his right hand leaning on a staff. This likeness was engraved on steel by Mr JOSEY in 1878.

17. A bust by Mr Wm. BRODIE, R.S.A., in the Exhibition of the Royal Scottish Academy in 1881, was bought by Mr John Leng, Kinbrae, Newport, the price being £150.

18. The latest portraits are nine or ten water-colour sketches from life by Mrs ALLINGHAM, done about two years ago. The artist, having the privilege of sitting frequently in his room, sketched him reading, smoking, sleeping, &c., and Carlyle pronounced the likenesses to be highly successful. They will probably be exhibited in the course of the season (1881).

ETCHINGS.-A series of etchings have for some time been in process of execution by Mr Howard Helmick. They are reproductions of authentic and unpublished portraits and sketches in the possession of the family; and, covering a period of about fifty years, they show Carlyle in the more intimate aspects of his home life-at ease in his garden and at work in his study. These etchings, six in number, will be issued by the Etchers' Society.

PHOTOGRAPHS.-For many years we have been so familiar with the photographs of Carlyle-of which there has been a greater variety provided than in the case of any other man of our time, not excepting even Mr Gladstone or Lord Beaconsfield-that it is surprising to be told that a considerable period elapsed before he could be induced to sit to a photographer. At first he professed a superlative contempt for the new art, but by and by saw reason to change his mind. When the Critic published a bibliographical memoir of Carlyle in 1859, he declined to assist them to the use of a good portrait; whereupon they published a shocking caricature, though they described it as a characteristic likeness, "the attitude in which he stands being one which his friends will recognise as that in which he will sometimes

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remain for hours, when earnestly engaged in the discussion of some absorbing question "—a statement as far from the truth as the portrait. Many of the photographs have been striking and powerful-some, indeed, painfully so. One of the most faithful likenesses is that taken by Mr Charles Watkins, of 34 Parliament Street, London, in which Carlyle is represented with his broad-brimmed felt hat on his head, casting the upper part of the face into shadow. It was one of the portraits taken by Messrs Elliot & Fry, of Baker Street, that had the honour of being engraved for the initial volume of the people's edition of Carlyle's writings. In the October of 1862 an admirable photograph was taken by Mr Vernon Heath, an engraving from which appeared in the Illustrated London News, February 19, 1881. An additional interest attaches to this portrait on account of its having been taken at the Grange, Lord Ashburton's place. Mr Heath writes: "Carlyle was then in the height of his vigour and power, and both he and his wife impressed me deeply. Towards the close of the week Bishop Wilberforce joined the party. Just think what it was to hear Carlyle and the Bishop in argument !—and that was my good fortune. There was one wet morning we amused ourselves with my camera, and it was then this portrait was taken." In 1874, on his visit to Kirkcaldy, in Fifeshire, Carlyle sat to Mr Patrick, of that town, who succeeded in producing a set of four (different positions) that were thought by Carlyle himself to be very successful. There is a strikingly faithful photograph taken in 1876 by F. Bruckmann, of 11 King Street, Covent Garden. A capital engraving from one of the photographs of Elliott & Fry appeared in the Graphic of April 30, 1870. It is a profile, and reproduces with admirable effect the keen-searching, sceptical, half-contemptuous and yet most pathetic weary look, which was probably the most habitual with its subject. A good portrait was published upwards of a dozen years ago in the Illustrated London News.

II. THE CARLYLE FAMILY.

Of the father of Carlyle we have received an anecdote that helps to confirm the view of the old man given in our second chapter. After the death, in his eighty-second year, of the Rev. John Johnston, the Burgher minister of Ecclefechan, which took place May 28, 1812, there was considerable difficulty in procuring a successor. The congregation first called Mr John M'Kerrow, but the Synod appointed him to Bridge of Teith. Then they called Mr Robert Balmer, but he was sent to Berwick. Next, Mr Andrew Hay, who declined the call, and never got another. The fourth preacher called was a Mr B, who was appointed by the Synod to East Campbell Street, Glasgow. During the negotiations with the last-named person, he had spoken a good deal about the stipend to be given, and contrasted the pecuniary provision offered by Ecclefechan—not to the advantage of the village -with what he could get in Glasgow. When this came out at a meeting of the Session, or of the Congregation, old Carlyle rose up, and, with a decisive sweep of his arm, said, "Let the hireling go!" His fellow-members at once acted on the advice. Our informant says this was a good proof of old Carlyle's insight into human character, as the minister he so summarily dismissed had a wide repute for being richly endowed with "saving knowledge," and worldly wisdom generally.

All Carlyle's brothers and sisters were distinguished by a decisive, strong character; and of his surviving brother James, we have heard more than one of his acquaintances remark that, with Thomas's education, he might have been another of the same. His words seem to have double power in his mouth, and were always "clenching" when aught was under discussion. It was he who received the striking eulogy from the old parish roadman at Ecclefechan. "Been a long time in this neighbourhood?" asked an American traveller