them as merely labouring to promote religion amongst the civilized, and civilization amongst the savage nations. But what says all history? What says the indignation of every realm which has ever harboured them? That wherever they were, whatever they undertook, whether the education of youth in Europe, or that of the natives of savage lands, all their plans turned to one object-absolute dominion over the minds and bodies of their disciples. They seem to have taken a particular pleasure in breaking in upon the labours and in persecuting all other missionaries; -and by their detestable and ambitious acts, Christianity has been expelled from various regions where it was taking root. This was the case in Japan and China. Here they first thwarted the measures of other missionaries, then got all power into their hands, and finally were driven out with wrath by the natives. In China their suppression was connected with circumstances of peculiar aggravation.

The

Bishop of Nankin names two to the Pope whose vices had become public. "But the crime of Father Anthony Joseph, the superior of the mission, is yet more scandalous. This man has remained there eight years past, continually plunged in the abominable practice of sinning with women at the time they come to confess, and even in the place where he confessed them; after which he gave them absolution, and administered the Sacrament to them! He told them that these actions need not give them any concern, since all their Fathers, the Bishops, and the Pope himself, observed the same practice!

"All this was known to Christians and to Heathens. Some persons represented these crimes to the superiors of the Jesuits; but the commissary whom they sent for the purpose, declared him innocent-I know not upon what pretence. While I was considering

the best means of punishing this man, the mandarins caused him to be arrested, suddenly, with two of his brethren, and about one hundred Christians. What occasioned still greater scandal, the mandarins, who had been some time acquainted with part of the facts, collected correct depositions to establish his crimes, and announced them at full length in their sentence, which they made public. He was condemned to

death, with the other Jesuit, on the 22d of September, 1748, and they were both strangled in prison. Of the hundred persons who were arrested with him, there was not one who did not renounce Christianity, and the Chinese missionary was the first to do so.

For more than two hundred years they maintained a system of opposition and vexation to the bishops and missionaries of India, in the very face of the Pope's commands to the contrary. Of their attempt to establish an independent kingdom in Paraguay, every one has heard. Under pretence of preserving the Indians free from the vices of the Europeans, they forbade them to learn their language; under pretence of protecting them from the oppressions of the Europeans, they regularly disciplined large bodies of them in arms. For them these simple creatures toiled, and their minds they moulded entirely to subserviency to them. They refused all Europeans, except their own confederates, entrance to the province; and actually, on the authorities marching into it in the name of the Kings of Portugal and Spain, rose against them and attempted to expel them by force of arms. They hesitated not to send emissaries over to Europe to blow the flames of sedition there, and even attempted the life of the King of Portugal, in order to divert the efforts of their rightful monarchs from them; but finally they were themselves subdued, and driven out of the country, to the total dis

sipation of their grand scheme of rebellion and empire. For those who have patience to read the scandalous and bloody squabbles of priests, there are copious details of these matters in the second volume of Southey's History of Brazil; and especially of their contests with Cardenas, the bishop.

In Europe they signalized themselves by perpetual attempts against the peace of states, and the lives of monarchs. In Venice, in 1560, they excited great commotion, and were very near being driven away. They shewed great anxiety to confess the wives of the senators, for the purpose, it was believed, of acquiring the secrets of the republic. Trevisani, the Patriarch of Venice, says Sacchini, satisfied himself of the charge, and made other discoveries of still greater importance. In the Netherlands, in Portugal and Spain, they were busy in similar schemes, and with similar results. In Poland, they had the fortune to get a man of their order, Sigismund, upon the throne. He desired to introduce them into Sweden, where his uncle, Duke Charles, was his lieutenant. Charles remonstrated, in vain, that the people of Sweden would not endure the Jesuits: the king persisted, and the people took arms against him. He was beaten both by sea and land; taken prisoner; and only released on condition that he would assemble his states, and act in conjunction with them. He then escaped from Sweden, and strove to arm the Poles against the Swedes; but they refused the alliance, and in the mean time his uncle seized upon his

towns.

With the continual attempts of these pertinacious wretches against the liberties of England, and the lives of Elizabeth and James I., every English reader is familiar: the names of Crichton, Garnett, Parry, Cullen, Gerard, and Tesmond, successively engaged

in the design of assassinating the protestant queen, or in the attempt to blow up our English Solomon and all his parliament, will for ever perpetuate their abhorrence in England; and in Ireland the general massacre of the protestants in 1641, which they were principally concerned in exciting, and similar proceedings in that country, will keep alive their remembrance there. But of all their atrocities there are none which more affect one with indignation, than their persecutions and murder of Henry III. and Henry IV. of France. In 1563, according to Mezerai, the famous catholic league took its rise, whose object was to extirpate the protestants in France. The jesuits became the soul of this infamous federation. Henry III. assembled the states at Blois in 1579, for the purpose of dissolving this conspiracy; and from that time, was marked for destruction. Sammier, a jesuit, traversed Germany, Italy, and Spain, to excite the princes of those countries against him. Mattheiu, another, styled the courier of the league, made several journeys to the pope, to obtain a bull against him; and though the pope hesitated at this, he delivered his opinion, that the person of Henry should be secured, and his cities seized. Commolet and Rouillet were the trumpets of sedition. In the college of the Rue St. Jaques, the jesuits met and conspired the murder of the king. It was there Baniere came to be stirred up by the doctrines of Varade,—and that Guinard composed the writings, for which he was hung. It was there that the Sixteen signed an absolute cession of the kingdom to Philip of Spain; and that Chastel acquired the lesson of parricide he afterwards acted upon. There Clement, animated by such horrible instructions, formed the resolve which he fulfilled on the 1st of August, 1589, the assassination of Henry III.

M

Henry IV., a generous spirited and noble monarch, was educated in protestantism ;-this was enough to arouse their murderous and unappeasable hatred. It was almost by miracle that he escaped, then a youth, from the massacre of St. Bartholomew. On his coming to the throne, he was pursued by them with such continual animosity, that to allay their fury, he consented to embrace catholicism. This produced no effect-he was a man of liberal opinions; and such a man they could not tolerate. They made his life miserable; and at length nearly effected his murder by the knife of Baniere, at Melun, in August 1593. On the 27th of December, 1594, his life was again attempted by Chastel, another jesuit. He struck at him with a knife, but missed his aim, and instead of killing him, only cut his lip, and struck out a tooth. This circumstance, and the ferment of infernal fanaticism, which induced the papists and jesuits to continually seek the destruction of the king, caused the banishment of the whole order. This, however, did not mend the matter, as it regarded the king;-he had only the same enemies in disguise, and, if possible, ten times more embittered. With that good nature which characterized him, he at length consented to allow them to return. It was in vain that Sully, his minister, represented to him that no kindness could soften such foes;-he recalled them, and fell a victim to their instigations, being stabbed by Ravaillac, on May 14th, 1610.

Many books had been written of late by the jesuits, vindicating and commending the killing of kings, particularly the work of Mariana,-De Rege et Regis Institutione, in which the killing of a king was termed a "laudable, glorious, and heroic action." It was by such writings that this assassin was spurred on to his diabolical act. Aubigny, his confessor, a jesuit, when