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In order to prepare for a construction project like CEBAF, a substantial amount of R&D effort is needed at an early stage before actual construction begins. Detailed technical design and prototype work on the most difficult components are necessary to refine the conceptual design. These activities include:

(1) accelerator design studies on the linac, pulse stretcher ring, and beam switchyard and (2) prototype work on klystrons, modulator, and linac accelerating structures. R&D funds are also critically needed to recruit and develop CEBAF's technical and administrative staff.

Question: Is it customary for the Department of Energy to make Federal research and development funds available for such projects prior to the project receiving Congressional approval through the budget, authorization, or appropriations process? what specific activities will the funds be used in FY 1984?

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Answer: Prior to actually requesting authorization and appropriation of funds for major line item construction projects, the Department of Energy has repeatedly found that complex projects, such as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) project, require substantial research and development (R&D) work to establish technical feasibility and soundness of concept at the detailed level. In order that the Department of Energy have an adequate information base for a decision on a particular project, R&D must be conducted prior to Congressional authorization and appropriation of the line item construction funds. Such R&D provides the needed information but does not constitute a commitment to proceed with construction. We are convinced that R&D prior to Congressional approval is essential to proper formulation of the Department's Budget Request to Congress and to prudent management of the Department's construction projects.

Specific FY 1984 activities in support of CEBAF will include:

1) development of CEBAF's scientific and administrative

staff;

2) design and optimization studies on the recirculated linear accelerator and pulse stretcher ring which are the technical heart of the CEBAF accelerator; and

3) prototype of key items of equipment such as the
radiofrequency systems which will drive the linear
accelerator, the resonant cavities which will accelerate
the electron beam, the injection and extraction systems
for the pulse stretcher storage ring which will smooth the
linear accelerator's pulse into a continuous beam, and the
bending and focusing magnets which will transport CEBAF's
electron beam through the accelerator complex and into
experimental research areas.

Question: Does the expenditure of these FY 1984 funds in the amount of $2 million represent an irreversible commitment to the project? Is there any justification or importance that this work be undertaken even if the CEBAF project does not go forward as planned?

Answer: FY 1984 expenditure of $2.0 million for research and development (R&D) in support of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) project does not represent an irreversible commitment to proceed with construction of CEBAF. The FY 1984 activities will provide a valuable information base for the CEBAF project and will permit urgently needed development of CEBAF's technical and administrative infrastructure. None of the FY 1984 activities will alter the proposed site at Newport News, Virginia or result in installation of permanent equipment.

Significant portions of the R&D work planned for FY 1984 are of interest and importance to a broad community of American scientists working to advance accelerator technology for basic research, biomedical, industrial, and defense applications. Specific examples of such general interest include R&D on high power radiofrequency systems and systems for acceleration and transport of high quality, high intensity electron beams. Thus, the planned CEBAF R&D would be valuable even if the CEBAF project did not go forward.

Question: What is the Administration's FY 1985 budget request for CEBAF and how will this used?

Answer: The FY 1985 Budget Request is $5,000,000 in Operating Expenses to continue and extend research and development (R&D) activities in support of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) construction project and $2,000,000 in

Construction funds to initiate the construction project itself.
The R&D work will include:

(1) design studies on CEBAF's recirculated electron linear
accelerator and pulse stretcher ring;

(2) prototype development of klystrons, modulators,

accelerating structures, transmission waveguides, pulse stretcher ring structures, injection and extraction septa for the pulse stretcher ring, and beam switchyard magnets;

(3) optimization studies of experimental buildings and tunnels to house the accelerator complex;

(4) design studies of experimental equipment needed to conduct a research program with CEBAF's unique beams; and

(5) development of CEBAF's technical and administrative team.

Construction activities will include architect/engineering work, detailed design beyond the conceptual level, and preliminary site work including geotechnic studies and renovation of existing buildings to house CEBAF staff.

QUESTIONS SUBMITTED BY SENATOR HATFIELD

SHigh Energy Physics

Question: In the justification material, the Department has requested a $33.6 million increase over FY 84 "to maintain constant level of program activity". Please provide a breakdown of the figure and describe the need. Is an inflation assumption included in this figure?

Answer: The $33.6 million is the funding required in FY 1985 to maintain the FY 1984 level of effort based on the estimated cost of living index of approximately 6.4 percent calculated specifically for the high energy physics program activities ($31 million). This includes $22.0 million for operating expense, $2.5 million for capital equipment and $6.5 million for construction. It also takes into account anticipated special increases in the Western Area Power Administration electric power rate at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center ($2.6 million).

Question: Provide a breakdown of the $9.83 million increase over FY 84 levels which was requested to continue facility operation at about 55 percent utilization level. What increase over current levels would be needed to maintain the FY 84 utilization level?

Answer: The $9.83 million increase over the FY 1984 funding level is requested to provide some improvement in facility operation over the FY 1984 level to about the 55 percent utilization level in FY 1985. The breakdown of the increase is: for Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), $8.0 million; for Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), $0.83 million; and for Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), $1.0 million. To maintain the FY 1984 utilization level would require $7.5 million dollars primarily at Fermilab. The outstanding example of the new capabilities available in FY 1985 is at Fermilab where the first phase of Tevatron fixedtarget operation is coming on in FY 1984. In FY 1985 fixed-target operation at close to 1000 GeV with a substantial increase in the number of experiments taking data is expected. Some increased capabilities will be also available in FY 1985 at BNL and SLAC.

Question: For the record, provide the Committee with a list by laboratory of the proposed increase in capital equipment funding of $65.4 million. Describe the equipment requests for each laboratory and the need for the equipment.

Answer: The FY 1985 request for capital equipment funds is $65.4 million compared to $51.5 million in FY 1984. A major increase in capital equipment funds in FY 1985 is required for the initial complement of detectors and the secondary beams to effectively exploit the new and important research capabilities being made possible by the major new facilities now under construction at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) and at the Fermi National Accelerator laboratory (Fermilab). The FY 1985 budget request for a 25 percent increase in capital equipment funding addresses the highest priority needs of this type. In order to have an appropriate initial complement of equipment ready for use when a new research facility becomes operational, several years of lead time are required for design, fabrication, installation, and

checkout. For the record a Table is provided which shows, by laboratory, the distribution of the FY 1984 capital equipment funding and the planned distribution of the requested FY 1985 capital equipment funding.

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There are two major construction projects under way at Fermilab (Tevatron I and II) both of which also need an initial complement of equipment. Both new Fermilab capabilities will provide worldwide unique scientific opportunities. Experiments to utilize the 2 TeV antiproton-proton colliding beam capability of the Tevatron I project demand particularly large and complex research detectors. The first detector for the first experimental hall, which is planned to be in operation when Tevatron I comes into operation in 1986, is about one-half completed. The FY 1985 requirement to have this detector completed on schedule is $11 million. Work on the detector for the second experimental hall will be initiated at a level of approximately $1.5 million in FY 1985 so that it can be completed in the FY 1988 time frame. The Tevatron II construction project is well advanced and will be completed by the end of FY 1985. This upgrade of the existing experimental areas and construction of four major new fixed-target research capabilities will serve about a dozen simultaneous experiments. Substantial capital equipment funding is required for each of these experiments, whether involving a new detector or an upgrade of an existing one, and for the components for each of the new secondary beam lines which must be procured with capital equipment funds. These Tevatron II related efforts require $14.5 million in FY 1985. The remaining $5.1 million of the Fermilab request is for additions to the Fermilab computer systems, technical support equipment for the accelerators, standardized small items of electronics and other equipment to support user experiments.

The equipment needs at Brookhaven National Laboratory are primarily related to carrying out approved experiments and to upgrading the capabilities of the secondary beams of the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS). Key projects being pursued in FY 1985 are a new detector to study rare kaon decays and improvements to the polarized beam capability and beam intensity of the AGS.

The Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) project at SLAC is off to a good start, and if funded at the planned schedule, is expected

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to become operational around the end of 1986. The existing and proven Mark II detector at SLAC is being upgraded and augmented for first exploratory research use at the SLC. To meet the required schedule, $4.7 million of capital equipment funds will be needed for this upgrade in FY 1985. In order to more fully utilize the research capabilities provided by the SLC and to maintain a competitive U.S. program, a new detector optimized for research in the SLC energy range will be needed by around 1989; about $3.3 million in equipment funding is required in FY 1985 to start fabrication on this detector. The remaining $2.9 of the request for SLAC is primarily for the equipment for Positron Electron Project (PEP) and Stanford Positron-Electron Asymmetric Ring (SPEAR) experiments.

The combination of the equipment needs of these new high energy physics facilities at Fermilab and SLAC, in addition to the ongoing needs for capital equipment in other parts of our program, has generated extreme pressure on our capital equipment budget. The FY 1985 request meets the highest priority needs so that each of these new research facilities now under construction can be exploited in a timely fashion, thereby ensuring that the U.S. high energy physics program will remain productive and competitive with those of other countries and regions.

The equipment needs at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), and other DOE laboratories are related primarily to detectors for experiments these groups are conducting at the DOE accelerator laboratories and for the Soudan II experiment ANL is pursuing in a deep underground mine. At LBL, equipment is also provided in support of the accelerator R&D effort.

The need for equipment by university contractors is primarily for detector apparatus for experiments by U.S. physicists at U.S. and foreign accelerator laboratories and for needs of nonaccelerator experiments. The needs are large in FY 1985 with the many new beam lines provided by Tevatron II, the U.S. commitment to experiments using the unique research capabilities of the European Large Electron Positron (LEP) and Japan facilities and commitment to improve nonaccelerator experiments, such as proton decay. There are also needs for online and batch data processing equipment at the universities. The funds are expected to be allocated to more than twenty universities.

Question: For the construction request, provide a list of projects including the TEC, prior years, FY 83, FY 84, FY 85 levels and future year requirements up to completion.

Answer: The following list tabulates the requested data for high energy physics construction projects included in the FY 1985 budget request.

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