has made under the disk of their revolutionary luminaries. Unhappily for their adherents, they advance through a labyrinth of irreligious and ill-founded theories, and the light that dazzles their optics is no other than the flaring and unsteady lamp of the passions, that, sometimes burning with a furious glare, and at others half extinguished, exhibits in false and deceitful colours the objects which religion, wisdom, and prudence, warn us to avoid.* The impossibility of rendering all mankind equal in point of acquisitions of every description, whether mental, corporeal, or those of fortune, independent of the inequality that exists in nature, even though God should not have ordained them, sufficiently marks the necessity of monarchical governments, with their accompanying wise, firm, and wholesome restrictions to keep the passions of mankind in subjection. I could never find in the bible, the evangelists, or in any of the promulgators of the Christian faith and laws, the slightest tendency to liberalism, or a single word in favour of republics, or any other sort of loose and unstable government.† The Jews, before they had kings, were go

* Ecclesiastes, x. 20.-Curse not the king, no, not in thy thought; and curse not the rich in thy bed-chamber; for a bird of the air shall carry the voice, and that which hath wings shall tell the matter.

† Romans, xiii.—I refer my readers to this chapter, because it has so often puzzled the republicans, and defied their efforts to pervert it. 1st. Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers; for there is no power but of God: the powers that be are ordained of God. 2nd. Whosoever there-fore resisteth the power, resisteth the ordinance of God: as they that resist shall receive to themselves damnation. 3rd. For rulers are not a terror to good works but to evil; wilt thou then not be afraid of the power? Do that which is good, and thou shalt have praise of the same. For he is the minister of God to thee for good, &c.

verned by a God, so named-God and king are nearly synonymous in the Hebrew language.* However, let us not quote mere names; heretofore, all governments were distinguished by a head with energetic executive powers, as are all the solid, good kingdoms and governments of the present time, who have repelled the theories of reforms, constitutions, and liberal factious principles, calculated to sap the foundations of their strength and vigour, and render them so feeble as to be endangered by the slightest popular tumult. The republics of ancient Greece, and that of Rome, certainly, can never be brought forward as examples to prove anything so much as the instability, folly, and absurdity of such forms of government. Torn to pieces by the dissentions of factious chiefs, unsettled and dissatisfied, their existence was too ephemeral to inspire confidence, and too vacillating to produce any other feeling than a perfect assurance of their insufficiency and instability in short, they exhibited nothing so strongly as licentiousness, and left behind them nothing for prudent Christians, who have

The Hebrew word for king is Melek. The verb which serves to express the exercise of kingly power is Malak, or, He reigns; and any person acquainted with the Hebrew Scriptures is well aware that the verb which denotes the general exercise of divine power is also Malak: as, Adonai Malak, the Lord reigns. God, by the mouth of Jeremiah, when predicting the coming of the Messiah, or Christ, says, "Umalak melek ve hiskil;" He shall reign a king, and be imbued with intelligence: therefore, I must be permitted to ask, whether God, if there had not been something sacred in the title of king, would have bestowed it upon his only-begotten Son? But it is evident that nothing on earth or in heaven can be higher than king, which is one of the appellations of the Deity. The king reigns, and the Lord does no more; for though he reigns over kings, he cannot be more than "Melek malcaiah;" or, the King of kings. Esth. vii. 12.

common sense, worth their imitating. They might, however, have served as a warning to those who have been civilized and enlightenedi by the religion of Jesus Christ, against following the steps of rude barbarians and immoral polytheists, who had never been illumined by the steady, pure, and consoling light of the gospel. Their dissentions, impiety, disobedience, and evil conduct, were the causes of their downfal, as it is, and ever will be, the case with all republics. Beginning with the republics I have just named, and proceeding downwards regularly to those of our days, every one of sound religious principles, and of a prudent reflecting mind, must confess, that they are all, without a single exception, totally inadequate to the good government of mankind. Man, for certain wise reasons, has been endowed with passions and an impetuosity of character which urge him forward to the accomplishment of the purpose for which he was created: to counterpoise and restrain the effervescence of his passions, God sent to him his commands, dictated to him laws, through Moses, and pointed out the form of government best suited to curb the wicked and unruly, and keep all men within due bounds, and render them obedient to him, subservient to the powers placed over them, and useful and profitable to themselves. I contend, that no republic ever invented (and less than any other the republic, falsely named, of the United States of America, that I shall treat of in its place) is calculated to keep down the ebullition of the passions of the multitude, and maintain that continued state of tranquility, good order, peace, regularity, and sound morals, necessary to the stability and prolonged prosperity of all human institutions.

Now,

The first and great crime of all the govern→ ments termed free or liberal is what I complain of at the commencement of this chapter, namely, a total neglect, or, rather, I should call it, disregard, for religion-a rejection of it altogether from the affairs of state! I shall say Nisi Dominus frustra*-If God be not with us how can we prosper? Who are we? What are we? From whence, and from whom, have we derived our existence? From what source have we drawn our knowledge of every description? From whom did we receive the commandments which order us to honour our parents-love our neighbour-not to steal, nor commit murder, fornication, &c. &c., and all those laws which form the basis of our penal code and jurisprudence? From God, through Moses and through Jesus Christ.t We find the Creator mixed and blended with every thing that regards our prosperity upon earth, and our hopes of salvation in the world to come. Now, what must be the hopes of the disbeliever? whom does he trust ? From whence has he imbibed his much-vaunted worldly wisdom, which St Paul says "is foolishness with God?" Modern liberalism strives to hide the divine truths I have quoted; to separate religion from

* Without God, vain our efforts.

In

The infidel, Voltaire, said once, «Si Dieu ne l'existait pas il faudrait l'inventer."-If God did not exist, we should be obliged to invent one.

t Ist Corinthians, iii. 18. Let no man deceive himself If any man among you seemeth to be wise in this world, let him become a fool that he may be wise. 19. For the wisdom of this world is foolishness with God; for it is written, He taketh the wise in their own craftiness. And again, 20. The Lord knoweth the thoughts of the wise, that they are vain. 21. Therefore let no man glory in mer.

state affairs-nay, more, their sophists would even go further, and attempt to disunite religion and morality; as if a man could be religiously bad and morally good, or vice versa! or, as if the bad moral and political conduct of men, so baneful in example, as well as criminal in its effects, should not come under the notice of an omniscient and omnipotent Creator, and affect the safety of their souls hereafter, as forcibly as any direct act of impiety or unholiness whatever. Here, gentlemen philosophers, freethinkers, and liberals of the new school-here is your great falling off! That ye should deny to omniscience-the fountain of wisdom, truth, and knowledge, an intimate participation in all your temporal affairs whatsoever, amounts to a denial of him and of his omnipotence. He, whose most insignificant work is formed with such nice perfection, as to exceed your conception-to defy your utmost scrutiny to develop its composition! If ye cannot construct a living thing of any kind without his aid, how can ye construct systems for the government of men, in direct contradiction of nature and his divine commands? Who amongst ye wise men shall teach me by what invisible and inconceivable power all that I behold suspended in the immensity of space is held in equilibrium, constantly preserving the most perfect order and regularity, unimpaired by time? How the celestial bodies are formed to revolve with unerring exactness, for ages, round their great centre, the sun? What mighty and inexhaustible source supplies that great soul of the universe with heat and light, undiminished ever since the creation? How wonderful! how vast! how magnificent! And yet, oh! ye of little faith, who cannot compre