Being a little more advanced in years, he had fucceffively the Earls of Newcaftle, Hertford, and Berkshire for his go

vernors,

my to idleness, more free from pride and oftentation, • than any other man. He is not to exceed others in

wealth and pleasure; but in wisdom, virtue, and glo< ry. Abroad, he is to defend his country at the head of its armies; and at home, he is to difpenfe juftice to his people, to make them good, wife, and happy. 'Tis not for his own fake that the gods have appointed him King, but for his peoples. 'Tis to them he owes all his time, all his cares, all his watchings, all his affection; and he is no otherwife worthy of his king'dom, but in proportion as he forgets his own perfonal (e) Tele-interefts to facrifice himfelf to the public good (e).' machus, b. These are the fentiments of the excellent Fenelon, one of the moft worthy of ecclefiaftics, and the tutor of a Son of France. Whether he was capable of talking to his pupil in a ftrain thus free and noble, is perhaps a queftion; though doubtless he was as much fo as any of his order. For the well-known rife to preferment among this fort of men is by complaisance, flattery, fervility, court-services, and intrigues, which put them on their guard, make them cautious of offending, and prone to advance what is pleafing to those who may be able ftill to befriend them. For these reasons a noble writer of our own obferves, that, had thofe countries, which in modern times have loft their liber

<

ty, whilft they were free, committed the government of their youth to philofophers instead of priests, they had in all probability preserved themselves from the yoke of bondage to this day; whereas now, they not

only

vernors, who, through the hurry of the times, or their want of application, afforded him but few helps towards his

improve

' only endure it, but approve of it likewife.-Tantum * relligio potuit. The Greeks and Romans inftituted their * academies to quite another purpose; the whole educa'tion of their youth tended to make them as useful to the fociety they lived in as poffible. There they were trained up to exercise and labour, to accustom them to an active life: no vice was more infamous than floth, nor any man more contemptible than him that was too lazy to do all the good he could; the lec< tures of their philofophers ferved to quicken them up to this. They recommended, above all things, the duty to their country, the prefervation of the laws, • and the public liberty; fubfervient to which they preached up moral virtues, fuch as fortitude, temper6 ance, justice, a contempt of death, &c. Sometimes they made use of pious cheats, as Elifian Fields, ' and an affurance of future happiness, if they died in 'the cause of their country; and even deceived their hearers into greatness. Hence proceed all those noble characters wherewith their hiftories are fo stocked: hence it was that their philofophers were deservedly looked upon as fupports of the ftate they had their ⚫ dependence upon; and as they could have no interest diftinct from it, they laid out themselves towards the advancing and promoting the good of it, infomuch ' that we find the very fortune of their commonwealths lafted no longer than they did. The managers of our modern education have not been quite fo public'fpirited; for it has been, as I have fhewn, for the • most

B 4

improvement. Every one knows Mr. Hobbes inftructed him in the mathematics, and was much regarded by him after his reftoration.

Hampden,

moft part, in the hands of men who have a diftinct intereft from the public: therefore 'tis not to be wondered at, if, like the reft of the world, they have been biaffed by it, and directed their principal defign towards advancing their own fortunes.-'Twas not to learn foreign languages, that the Grecian and Roman youth went for fo long together to the academies and lectures of their philofophers;-'twas to learn how and when to speak pertinently, how to act like a man, to fubdue the paflions, to be public-fpirited, to defpife death, torments and reproach, riches, and the fimiles of Princes as well as their frowns, if they ftood between then and their duty. This manner of education produced men of another ftamp than appearsnow upon the theatre of the world; fuch as we are fearce worthy to mention, and must never hope to imitate till the like manner of inflitution grows again in'to reputation, which in enflaved countries 'tis never likely to do as long as the ecclefiaftics, who have an oppofite interest, keep not only the education of youth (f Molef-but the confciences of old men in their hands (f).' I mean not, by any thing here faid, to undervalue the induftry, the learning, or abilities of the clergy. Many of them are highly eminent. But the education of gentlemen, gentlemen intended for legislators, and governors of a people diftinguished by their love of liberty, ought to be committed to the care of fuch to whom liberty is dear, who have been used to manly free

worth's

works, pref. to his account of Denmark.

dom,

Hampden, who makes so noble a figure in this part of our history, it is said, was once pro

way

• he was

dom, and who are capable of relishing and making
others relish its invaluable bleffings. Not but even
ecclefiaftics are infinitely to be preferred to those who
inftil nothing valuable into the mind, but form the
petit maitres, the debauchees, the village-tyrants, or
the understrappers of power in the higher ftations of
life. I have faid, after Burnet, that Duppa was no
way fit for his post. Wood however affures us,
a man of excellent parts, and every way qualified for
his function; especially as to the comlinefs of his per-
fon, and gracefulness of his deportment, which ren-
dered him worthy the fervice of a court, and every
fit to ftand before Princes: and that when he
was tranflated from Salisbury to Winchefler, at the Re-
'ftoration, it was to the great joy and comfort of
C many Lords and Gentlemen, as well as the reverend
Clergy, who all had a deep fenfe and memory of his
prudence and piety, owing him a lafting tribute, not
only for his great example of virtue and godlinefs, but
for those excellent feeds and principles fo happily laid
in the youth of the then fovereign Lord the King.
He was beloved of King Charles I. of happy memo-
ry, who made ufe of his pious converfation during
his imprisonment in the ifle of Wight; and fo much
refpected by King Charles II. that when this worthy
Prelate lay on his death-bed at Richmond, he craved
his bleffing on his bended knees by his bed-fide (g).'
I fuppofe, being an apt fcholar, his Majefty might have
learned, from his Lordship, the mighty value of his boon.
Such as know Dr. Duppa owed fome of his preferment

propofed (c) for Tutor, or rather, as I think, Governor to the Prince; but, fortunately for his own character, fortunately

to George Villiers, will not think themfelves at a lofs about his real character.

(c) Hampden was once propofed as Tutor or Governor to the Prince.] Mr. Whitlock, fpeaking concerning the preliminaries to Lord Strafford's trial, fays, "There was a proposal (the subject of much discourse) to prevent all this trouble, and to reftore the Earl of Strafforde to his former favour and honour; if the King would prefer fome of the grandees to offices at court, whereby Straffordes enemies fhould become his friends, and the Kings defires be promoted. It was that fhould be made Lord Treasurer,

the Lord Say Mafter of the Wards, Mr. Pym Chancellor of the Exchequer, Mr. Hollis Secretary of State, Mr. Hampden Tutor to the Prince, others to ⚫ have other places. In order whereunto, the Bishop of • London [Juxon] refigned up his Treasurers Staff, the 'Lord Cothington his place of Master of the Wards, ' and the reft were easily to be voided, But whether upon the Kings alteration of his mind, or by 'what other means it came to pass, is uncertain: these things were not effected; and the great men baffled thereby, became the more incenfed, and violent against the Earl, joining with the Scots Commiffioners who were implacable against him (b).' Had Hampden, and his glorious fellow patriots, accepted the high posts which they were defigned by this project to Lond. 1732. have filled, it is not improbable but their characters would have funk as low in the eyes of pofterity, as the

(b) WhitJock's Memorials, p.

41. fol.

falfe