quaintance, though of more recent date | coupled with any of the successors of than Richardson's heroine. It was Gambetta - at least, not in the way I

Mlle. Lange, of "Madame Angot" no-
toriety, who had played the title-rôle in
François de Neufchâteau's adaptation.
From which it would seem that the
Spartans of the Terror had an eye for a
pretty actress as well as the Sybarites
of the Directory. So the stern Clemen-
ceau need not deny his connection with
the Comédie-Française; he may take
heart of grace.
"Everything that hap-
pens has happened before," even in
the best regulated of republics.

would suggest. M. Henri Brisson is reputed to be as chaste "by temperament" as Robespierre, without being a "libertine in imagination," as the latter was accused of being. M. de Freycinet is to all appearance as pure as driven snow; he does not even pay an occasional visit to the green-room of the Comédie-Française or le foyer de la danse at the Opéra, which in France is supposed to be a test of a man's indifference to the blandishments of the fairer sex, though there must be exceptions, sceing that both MM. Floquet and Clemenceau go often, and that the former, at any rate, is voted

amourache, amourette, or amouraille away from the conjugal roof. For both he and M. Ferry have married into a family, one might almost say a dynasty

that of the Risler-Kestners — qui ne budine pas avec l'amour, either in the sense of Alfred de Musset, or in any other sense. Mme. Floquet made use

To those who know the French, one of the remarkable features in the two great scandals of the Third Republic has been the apparent absence of a woman's name from both the "Caffarel "above suspicion" as regards amour, affair" and the "Panama imbroglio." I am not overlooking the part played by Madame Ratazzi and her fellowadventuresses in the "traffic in decoratious," but no stretch of the imagination could construe that part into a crime passionnel or a passion criminelle, as M. Bérard des Glajeux, the eminent president of the Assize Courts, would say. recently of the expression, "RepubliGambetta, whose career bears more can nobility." She was as justified in than an accidental likeness to that of doing this as some New England famMirabeau, disappeared from the scene ilies would be in using the words "Pulike Mirabeau when the régimes they ritan nobility." The Risler-Kestners had endeavored to establish were vir- are both Puritan and republican. Altually very young, for- let there be no lowing for certain differences, Mmes. mistake- the Third Republic is not Floquet and Ferry remind one of Mme. unlike a girl in her teens who, by virtue Necker. If we are to believe the late of a long dress, would make herself - though still living - Mme. Clemenout to be older than she really is. ceau, her husband is the galantin of Nominally, the Third Republic dates the Third Republic, as Barrère was from the 4th September, 1870; virtu- the galantin of the Terror. Barrère ally, it dates from at least a year after said soft nothings to the fair petitionthe accession of Jules Grévy. Mira- ers that crowded his ante-chamber. beau's death was accelerated, if not He smiled on them, promised to look caused perhaps, by an imprudent sup- after their welfare, pretended to be per party at Mlle. Coulon's, the dan- moved by their looks and tears, and seuse; Gambetta's death was attributed played with love as a kitten plays with to a wound received accidentally in his a ball of knitting wool. M. Rouvier attempt to wring from a lady the pistol is a widower, the widower of Mme. with which she intended to kill her- Claude Vignon, who had been married self. Mme. Léona Lévy may be, for "spiritually" to Elliphas Lévy, one of all I know, dead, but I am not speak- the latter-day apostles of Saint-Simoning without foundation. Be this as it ism. Mme. Rouvier, before and after may, no woman's name was coupled her marriage, aspired to the role of a with any of the successors of Mira- Mme. Roland in the Third Republic. beau, no woman's name is prominently Those who know aver that she would

not have made even a "decent under- The scum of the Terror constituted
study," yet M. Rouvier still mourns itself the censor of stage plays and
her loss, and, unlike Mr. Graves, in was abetted by a Santerre, or some-
66 Money,"
," refuses to be drawn into thing of the kind; the scum of the
the net of any Lady Franklin who Third Republic in its second decade
would fain console him for the absence constitutes itself the censor at the
of his "sainted Maria." M. Quesnay Comédie-Française, and with a Lissa-
de Beaurepaire has the reputation of a garay at its head, hounds " Thermidor "
Fouquier-Tinville, i.e., invulnerable to off the stage, and the authorities are
woman's charms. There are several powerless to reinstate the piece. Dur-
Marats who have their Jane Evrards, ing the Terror there were in the Palais-
and an equal number of Dantons whose Egalité thirty-one gambling - houses,
wives are not even mentioned. Both and citizen Charon, the spokesman of
indulged in orgies now and then; they the Commune, estimated the number
had no "love affair" which influenced of "hells" in Paris at four thousand.
their actions. Their successors have There were "tripots" on every rung
taken their cues from them, at any of the social ladder. Anarcharsis Clootz
rate, apparently. M. Lozé, the prefect proposed to establish a Redoute ""
in
of police, has his prototype in the noto- Paris similar to that at Spa, Venice,
rious General Santerre, who, like him, and Geneva. Not many months ago
waged relentless war not only against the Café de la Paix virtually attempted
dogs, but also cats, but who left the to establish a "hell" by means of a
houris of the Palais - Egalité unmo- billiard-table. It was done too openly,
lested, and wanted to apply the Mal- that is why it failed. There are more
thusian doctrine "with a vengeance" than four thousand hells in Paris now.
to the canine and feline inmates of the Enough, for the deeper one goes, the
capital only.
more one is reminded of Alphonse
Karr's "Plus ça change, plus c'est la
même chose." Even the struggle be-

Cavaignac might become a Robespierre
if he had the chance. What a magnifi-
cent opportunity he would have of
sending to the guillotine a president
with the name of Carnot!

ALBERT D. VANDAM.

So far the resemblance between the men of the two periods. Mirabeau was known to have accepted money tween the Jacobins and the Girondins from Marie Antoinette, Danton was is represented in a way in the Chamber suspected of having done the same. of Deputies to-day, and M. Godefroi If Gambetta accepted no money from Louis Napoleon, it was probably because none was offered. Those who will refer to his speech at Belleville in February (or March), 1870, will have no difficulty in arriving at the conclusion that the future dictator would have become a minister under the Empire if the Empire had lived - as Mirabeau would have become the Emile Ollivier of the constitutional monarchy under Louis XVI. Robespierre, the incorruptible, was proved to have trafficked with a journal, Le Défenseur de la Constitution, as the incorruptible M. de Freycinet is suspected of having trafficked with Le Télégraphe. If the "giants" of the Terror did not blackmail Panama companies, it was because there were no such companies to blackmail; as I have said, the difference of their corruptibility lies in the difference of their opportunities.

EXTRACTS

From The Gentleman's Magazine.
BUSSACO IN 1810.

FROM THE DIARY OF A CAR-
MELITE FRIAR.1

THE great misfortune which hap-
pened at Almeida 2 was soon known all

1 Diary of Events at the Convent of Bussaco in
Written by José
September and October, 1810.
de S. Silvestre, friar of the convent and eye-witness
of all that occurred. Translated, by the kind per-
mission of Senhor J. Martins de Carvalho, owner
of the original manuscript.

The explosion of the powder magazine, which

caused the death of five hundred persons and the

surrender of the fortress to the French.

over Portugal, and on August 31, 1810, | shown his room; but though it was the the French army, commanded by Mas- best he objected to it because it had sena, continued its march in the direc-only one door, and chose another which tion of Viseu.

At 8 A.M. the quartermaster-general arrived, and gave in a list of fifty officers for whom it was necessary to find quarters. This list was signed by the commander-in-chief and was accompanied by an order not to supply any further accommodation without instructions from him. The English troops then began to appear, and their numbers increased so fast that in an hour the convent and grounds were crowded with officers and baggage. The general arrived about the same time and was without difficulty.

The other French division occupied the village of Sulla, and had ascended the height until close to our batteries, when the fog lifted and allowed them to be clearly seen. Owing to a hot fire from our artillery a great part of this column retreated rapidly down the hill, and our riflemen hissed them loudly, which caused much amusement to those who heard it. The firing was continued on both sides until 4 P.M.

On the 25th the French advanced to | was closed, and all who had passed Moura, a village not more than half a through were either killed or taken league distant; there they halted and prisoners. detached forces which took possession of the heights on both our flanks. The allied army responded to this movement by taking up a position along the summit of the range on each side of the convent. The hilltops were occupied by artillery, and a battery was placed within our grounds, so as to command the Sulla gate in case the enemy effected an entrance. The wall on both sides of this gate was knocked down to half its original height, and loopholed for musketry. Two regiments were held in readiness to repel any attack, and a barrier of oak-trees was placed on the outside; so that we were prepared for anything that might happen, though in the end none of these defences were required.

The regular life of the convent was entirely interrupted by the many disturbances around us.

The following morning, after having confessed and said mass, I went out with another priest to see the battle. At the door we met a peasant weeping bitterly. I asked him what was the matter, and he replied in a broken voice, "Don't you see those wounded Frenchmen ?" On looking down the hill I saw the men he pointed out, and indeed they were in such a miserable condition that, without wishing it, my own tears began to fall. One of them was shot through both cheeks, blood ran out of his mouth, and some of it had clotted on his lips - he could not speak a word. The others were not so

On the morning of the 26th the general ordered all his baggage to be removed. This caused us great alarm, and some of the friars made ready to leave. At midday, however, the baggage was brought back, and the gen-badly hurt, except four or five who had eral ordered dinner. This comforted us a little.

The French appeared in large numbers on the opposite hills, and gradually drew nearer. One column marched into Moura, and others occupied the neighboring pine woods. At 2 P.M. our artillery and riflemen opened fire, the latter from the slopes of the hills. This continued for a couple of hours with but little effect, except that an English general was severely wounded. The following day Lord Wellington asked for a stretcher, from which we concluded that the wounded man had either died or was so ill that he could not be taken to Coimbra in any other way.

Before daybreak on the 27th the French army was in motion, and, advancing rapidly under cover of a dense fog, they broke our line near Santo Antonio do Cantaro; but, another regiment coming to our assistance, the gap

lost so much blood that they trembled with cold. The English made a large fire and laid them round it. I hurried away from the place, not being able to bear the sight of so much misery.

On the summit I found the surgeons busy with our wounded, who, though numerous, were not in so bad a state as the Frenchmen. I went further on, hoping to see something of the fight; but in this I was disappointed, as the enemy's bullets swept the top of the ridge and obliged the regiments not actually engaged to keep on the opposite slope.

On my return to the convent a soldier took me to see a French general named Simon, who had been made prisoner, and had three bullet wounds in his face. 1 His secretary, who was

1 "At the battle of Bussaco, when Massena made the blunder of delivering a front attack on Lord

Wellington's army, posted on a height very difficult of access, poor General Simon, wishing to

with him, had escaped unhurt. Lord | started for some place beyond Agueda, Wellington gave orders that they where his militia were encamped. should be treated with the greatest consideration, and an English officer gave up his room to them. Next morning, when their baggage was sent for, Massena delivered it at once, and the general's wife took advantage of this opportunity to join him.