116 MILTON HOUSE-HORSE WYND. dark, plain, picturesque building of the | old suburban street on a line with St, year 1591, with a small spire and a projecting clock. Canongate Church is a structure of 1688, remarkable only for having succeeded the Church of Holyrood as a place of worship, and for the contrast of its excessive plainness to Holyrood's grandeur. An old ricketty house, over Bakehouse Close, nearly opposite, was the residence of the first and second Marquises of Huntly and the first Dowager Duchess of Gordon. 333. MILTON HOUSE, within an enclosure further down, was built and inhabited by Fletcher of Milton, Lord Justice-Clerk, on ground previously attached to the mansion of the Earls of Roxburgh. Queensberry House, still further down, a plain, dark, ungainly pile, with centre and projecting wings, now used as a House of Refuge for the Destitute, was built in 1681, by Lord Halton, afterwards Earl of Lauderdale; passed to the Dukes of Queensberry, and long displayed grand decorations, both without and within, which were eventually swept away. Mary's Wynd, contained an ancient nunnery of St. Mary of Placentia, and took thence corruptedly the name of Pleasance. 336. COWGATE, about 800 yards in length, was originally a copse-clad ravine, traversed by an open road from Holyrood to St. Cuthbert's. It began to be edificed in the time of James III.; it long bore the same kind of relation to the older streets and alleys which the New Town now bears to the Old; it continued even in last century to be the abode of Lord Covington, Lord Minto, and other men of high rank; and it still contains relics, many and unmistakable, of the days of its pride. A large church, built in 1774 by Episcopalians, but now occupied by Roman Catholics, stands near its east end. The remains of Cardinal Beaton's Palace stand at the foot of Blackfriars' Wynd. The Palace of the Bishops of Dunkeld stood nearly opposite. Taylors' Hall, twice used by great national conferences, and afterwards used for dramatic performances, stands in a court nearly opposite the rear 334. WHITEFORD HOUSE, ap- of Parliament House. The mansion of proached by Galloway's Entry, near the the first Earl of Haddington, the fafoot of the north side of Canongate, oc- vourite of James VI., whom that " witty" cupies the site of an ancient extensive monarch styled "Tam o' the Cowgate,” mansion of the Earls of Winton; was stood on ground now covered by George built by Sir John Whiteford, who died IV.'s Bridge. The house in which Henry in 1833; and passed then to Lord Banna- Mackenzie, the "Man of Feeling," was tyne. White Horse Close, a little further born, stood at the foot of Libberton's down, contains a range of premises, built Wynd. The mansion of Sir Thomas in 1623, long used as the inn of greatest Hope, King's Advocate and leader of the note in Edinburgh, well described in the Covenanters in the time of Charles I., Waverley novels. Girth Cross, an ex-stands a little further to the west. The tinct structure, on the thoroughfare at the foot of Canongate, on a spot now marked by a circle in the causeway, was the boundary of the Abbey sanctuary, and a place of public execution. 335. ST. JOHN'S HILL, on the west flank of the upper part of South Back of Canongate, belonged in old times to the Knights Templars, and took its name from their successors, the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem. Pleasance, an small ancient Chapel of St. Mary Magdalene, surmounted by a weather-beaten steeple, stands nearly opposite. The house where Henry Brougham, father of Lord Brougham, found his bride, stands adjacent to Grassmarket. 337. HORSE WYND, leading up to West College Street, was the residence of the Earls of Queensberry, the Earls of Galloway, Lord Kennet, Baron Stuart, and other men of mark. A house GRASSMARKET-WEST PORT. 117 near the top of it was the abode of the | the place of public execution till 1785. chemist, Dr. Black; and an extinot The parts toward the other end give a house, on its north-east verge, was the good upward view of the most picbirth-place of Sir Walter Scott. turesque faces of the Castle. The ground beyond the north-west corner, now traversed by the thoroughfare of King's Stables, contained in old times the royal mews, and was frequently the scene of magnificent tournaments. 338. GRASSMARKET was included within an extension city wall of 1513. Its length is 230 yards, and its breadth | and edifices give it the appearance of an imposing rectangle. It was constituted a weekly market-place, by royal deed, in 1477; and it retains that character till the present day. The New Corn Exchange, on its south side, was built in 1849, after a design by David Cousin, at a cost of nearly £20,000. The place of public execution, during the crushing times of Charles II. and James VII., where so many worthies of the Covenant received the martyr's crown, was in the centre of the thoroughfare, near the east end, at a spot now marked by a cross in the causeway; and this continued to be 339. WEST FORT, extending westward on a line with Grassmarket, was originally a village under the name of Portsburgh; and it took the name of West Port from a gateway at its east end, in the city wall of 1513. It acquired notoriety of a horrid kind in 1829, by the murdering practices of Burke and Hare; but was rendered famous, in an opposite manner, by the local philanthropic labours of the last years of Dr. Chalmers. XXIII. THE MODERN PARTS OF THE OLD TOWN. Go eastward along Prince's Street to the Register House; turn there to the right, and go along North Bridge, South Bridge, Nicolson Street, and Clerk Street, altogether about a mile, to a meeting of four thoroughfares at the hither end of Newington. North Bridge, entered.... New Buildings, right; brilliant view right and left; entrance to the public markets, right; High Street, right and left Paragraph 265 .315-326 South Bridge, entered.. 322 Tron Church and Hun ter's Square, right.... 321 340 South College Street, Hill Place, Blind Asy- 118 thoroughfare, along Portland Place, Laurieston Place, and Teviot Row, altogether about 1000 yards, to Bristo Street; go there to the right, about 100 yards along Bristo Street, and about 80 along Charles Street, into George Square; drive round that square, and return by the same route to the end of Teviot Row; proceed onward, along Bristo Place, George IV.'s Bridge, and Bank Street, to the Bank of Scotland, and follow the curve to the left thence, down North Bank Street and the Mound, to Prince's Street. Laurieston Street, left; U. P. Church, right; Lady Lawson's Wynd and ADAM'S SQUARE-THE UNIVERSITY. Para- the Cowgate, crossed on George Fourth's Bridge............. 336, 308 Agricultural Museum and Victoria Street, left; rear fronts of the Parliament House, the Advocates' Library, and the County Hall, right....... 314, 311, 310 Lawnmarket, crossed... 304 Bank Street and Bank of Scotland, passed...... 307 Fine view over the New Town, right; the Free Church College, left 358 View of Castle Rock and West Prince's Street Gardens, left; Art Galleries and Royal Institution, right...291, 290 340. ADAM'S SQUARE is a recess | periods, from 1789 till 1834. They are from South Bridge, edificed on two sides. in the Græco-Italian style, partly after a A sitting statue of James Watt, on a design by Robert Adam, partly after a pedestal, erected in 1853, is situated in modification of that design by W. H. its area. The School of Arts, founded Playfair. They form a hollow paralleloin 1821, occupies a house on the west gram, extending 255 feet from north to side. south, and 358 feet from east to west. 341. THE ROYAL INFIRMARY ori- The exterior parts show four storeys, in ginated in 1729. Its principal building symmetrical façades, all ornamental. The stands on the south side of Infirmary central part of the east or main front is Street, and was erected in 1738. It pierced with three lofty archways, formforms three sides of a square, 210 feet ing the entrance to the interior area, and long, 94 feet wide, and 4 storeys high; adorned with a compound Doric portico and is surmounted at the centre by an of six columns, each 26 feet high and attic structure terminating in a glazed formed of one block of stone. A broad turret. Other extensive buildings, va- entablature, with a long Latin inscripriously old and recent, each for a separate tion, surmounts the portico, and was indepartment, stand to the east, within tended by Adam to be capped by a grand the High School Yards and Surgeons' dome. The interior fronts rise from a Square. The Infirmary affords courses higher level than the exterior ones, and of lectures and demonstrations to medi- possess richer, freer, and more varied cal students, and admits to its wards a decorations. The eye wanders vaguely yearly average of upwards of 3000 pa- over the outer fronts, one after another, tients. from the engirdling streets, but is satis342. THE UNIVERSITY was char-fied and charmed with the view of the tered in 1582. Its present buildings enclosed court. were erected, at vast cost, in successive The Library occupies the south side, KIRK OF FIELD-THE MEADOWS. 119 tic in Palmer's Land, in West Nicolson Street, was inhabited some time by the painter Alexander Runciman; and afterwards, in his struggling days, by Sir David Wilkie. contains a collection of curiosities, a | the Blind, was long inhabited by the disstatue of the poet Burns by Flaxman, tinguished chemist, Dr. Black. An atabout 310 curious manuscripts, and about 91,000 printed volumes, and is accessible to strangers by order from any member of the Town Council. The Natural History Museum occupies the west side, contains about 950 specimens of mammifers, one of the best collections of birds in the world, and so abundant a collection of minerals and geological specimens that only a portion of them can be exhibited, and is open to strangers on five days of the week for sixpence each, on Saturdays free. A National Industrial Museum has been organized, and is to be accommodated in new buildings to the west. The professorships in the University amount to thirty-two, and are classified into the four faculties of theology, law, medicine, and arts. The attendance of students at one time was so high as 2000, or a little upward, but does not now average much, if any, above 800. 343. KIRK OF FIELD was a collegiate church of the 15th century, situated partly on ground now occupied by the south-eastern portion of the University, partly on the ground thence to the northwest corner of Drummond Street. The church was a large cruciform edifice, with a lofty central tower, and was served by a provost and eight prebendaries. Lord Darnley, the husband of Queen Mary, was murdered in the provost's house by explosion of the pile with grinpowder. 344. NICOLSON STREET and Nicolson Square were constructed toward the end of last century, on an open tract of ground belonging to Lady Nicolson, whose mansion stood on a spot now occupied by the eastern extremity of South College Street. A house in Nicolson Square was long inhabited by the sixth Earl of Leven, the ostentatious Lord High Commissioner for twenty years to the General Assembly. The house No. 58 Nicolson Street, now the Asylum for 345. SURGEONS' HALL, a short way south of Drummond Street, was built in 1833, after a design by W. H. Playfair, at a cost of £20,000. It is a tasteful oblong edifice, with lofty hexastyle Ionic portico; and contains large medical museums, accessible to strangers on four days of the week, by order from a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. body was incorporated in 1505, and acts as coadjutor to the medical faculty of the University. This 346. GRANGE is a suburban tract immediately west of Newington. A nunnery of St. Catherine of Sienna was founded on it, in the 15th century, by Lady Seton. Sciennes House, near the site of the nunnery, was long the residence of Dr. Adam Ferguson. Grange House, further west, was the death-place of Principal Robertson and of Sir Thomas Dick Lauder. Grange Cemetery, a modern ornamental burying-ground, contains the ashes of Dr. Chalmers, Sheriff Speirs, Sir Andrew Agnew, Sir Thomas Dick Lauder, and Hugh Miller. 347. THE MEADOWS are a public park extending west-north-westward, about three-fourths of a mile, on the south side of the Old Town. It was anciently covered with a lake, called the South Loch, and afterwards became a marsh; but is now drained, dressed, and embellished. The eastern part of it bears the separate name of Hope Park, and is used, on stated occasions, for the practice of archery, by an incorporated body of noblemen and gentlemen, called the Royal Company of Archers. The middle parts of the south side afford a fine view of the southern wing of the city, backed by the south-western acclivities of Salisbury Crag and Arthur's Seat. 120 GEORGE WATSON'S HOSPITAL-GENERAL'S ENTRY. Napiers of Merchiston, called Wright's Houses, stood on its site. Merchiston Castle, the family fortalice of the Napiers, the birth-place of the inventor of logarithms, and a place of military note during the Douglas wars, still stands about midway between this and Morn 348. GEORGE WATSON'S HOSPI-|turesque ancient baronial mansion of the TAL was founded in 1723, and maintains and educates about eighty boys. The edifice for it is partly a plain central oblong, built in 1741, partly two neat projecting wings, built in 1857. The Merchant Maiden Hospital was founded in 1695, and maintains and educates about a hundred girls. Its present edi-ingside. fice was built in 1816, after a design 351. HERIOT'S HOSPITAL, in a by Burn, at the cost of £12,250. The front measures 180 feet in length, and is adorned with a tetrastyle Ionic portico, in imitation of the temple on the Ilyssus. park between Laurieston and Grassmarket, was founded in 1628, and maintains and educates 180 boys. Its edifice was completed in 1650, at a cost of about £30,000, but has received large, 349. BRUNTSFIELD LINKS, adjoin- expensive, modern improvements. The ing the Meadows on the south-west, are building is a turreted quadrangle, three a fine stretch of downs, notable in mo- and four storeys high, in an unique style, dern times for the game of golf. They allied to the Gothic, measuring 162 feet were part of the ancient extensive com- along each side, and enclosing an open mon of Borough Moor, where James IV. court of 94 feet each way; and it posmustered his army before the battle sesses 213 windows, moulded and sculpof Flodden. The king's standard was tured in such variety, that, with one explanted in a massive stone, which is still ception, no two of them are alike. The preserved, under the name of the "Bore design of it has commonly been ascribed, Stane," in the wall at the side of the but without any good evidence, to Inigo public road to Morningside. A tract Jones. The funds of the hospital have southward from the Links is flecked | been so ample as to create and maintain and spotted with lines and sprinklings eight large free day-schools, in various of elegant houses, and rejoices in the parts of the city, with an aggregate atname of Canaan. One of the houses is a tendance of from 2500 to 3000 children. nunnery, called St. Margaret's Convent, constructed in 1835, after a design by J. Gillespie Graham. The village of Morningside wings the public road to Biggar, at the south-west of Canaan, and contains the Lunatic Asylum for Edinburgh, partly a large neat edifice of 1810, partly an extensive addition of 1850. Morningside was the death-place of Lord Gardenstone and Dr. Chalmers. The Braid Hills, commanding a romantic view of Edinburgh, are situated 11⁄2 mile to the south. 352. THE CITY WORKHOUSE, on the west side of Forrest Road, comprises a lofty gloomy pile of 1743, and extensive recent additions, and contains accommodation for 909 persons. The Darien House, built for the Darien scheme of 1698, and situated within an enclosure on the opposite side of Forrest Road, but nearly adjoining Bristo Place, came to be used as the asylum for the workhouse lunatics, and was, in that capacity, the death-place of the poet Fergus son. 350. GILLESPIE'S HOSPITAL, with- 353. GENERAL'S ENTRY, a desolate in a park on the west side of the public old court between 58 Bristo Street and road, opposite the head of Bruntsfield 77 Potterrow, contains the ancient manLinks, is an oblong structure, built in sion of the Lords Stair, built by Sir 1801, for the lodging and maintenance of James Dalrymple, and believed to have poor aged men and women. A pic- been much inhabited, in quality of |