Shipped on board the Rainbow, for Jamaica, on account and risk of John Roberts, Planter there, as per Invoice Book, fol. 2, Plantation Stores amounting to Scotch Linen, 4 cases, do. Charges of Shipping, etc. ... ... ... ... £1544 4 0 808 6 0 21 0 59 7 0 57 10 0 Commission 24 per cent. on goods and charges Insurance on £2250, and policy Commission on do., at per cent ... Paid Samuel Morley his Bill of Parcels 0 Paid William Phillips his Bill of Parcels £60 0 0 Received discount at 5 per cent. on do. Paid Bill No. 129, R. Adamson 200 0 0 Received payment of Richard O'Brien and Co.'s 600 0 0 draft at sight on Coutts and Co. £905 0 0 ... £500 0 0 £115 8 0 Paid for freight, etc. of goods per the Dreadnought £38 10 6 Paid freight of Sugar per the Ballarat Paid duties and fees on Sugar per the Ballarat £107 8 7 Accepted a Bill drawn by Schofield, Halse and Co., of Jamaica, dated 30th July, 1854, No. 151, payable to W. Bright, London, at 90 days' sight 27th. Received for Exchequer Bills transferred ... £1512 7 6 ... 14th. £100 00 614, J. Sidney, 150 0 0 615, 18 L. Dixon, 21 120 7 6 200 0 0 Received Cash for Bill No. 615, on L. Dixon Received in Cash for Bill No. 612, W. Melville £876 15 0 Paid Bill No. 143, H. Green and Co. 4th. £600 0 0 14th. Received for £3000 of Three per Cents. Stock sold at 96 per cent. ... ... £132 10 0 εα), as ελελυκη. The εισαν of the third person plural is com monly shortened into εσαν, thus ελελυκεσαν instead of ελελυκεισαν. The Lolie ειας, ειε(ν), ειαν, instead of αις, αι, αιεν of the optative first Aorist active, is more usual than the form given £960 15 0 in the paradigm. In the second person singular indicative Present and Future, middle or passive, the Attics, in addition to the form in y, £73 15 0 have another form in et, as λυy and λυει; λυση and λυσει; λελυση and λελυσει; λυθησῃ and λυθήσει; τριβηση and Tpißnot. This form in a is exclusively used in the three Received in Cash for Bill No. 632, W. Coles £260 0 0 following verbs, namely 27th. ... βουλει OLEL I think In addition to the termination of the third plural imperative, £32 7 6 active and passive, in ετωσαν, ατωσαν, σθωσαν, there exists an abbreviated form in οντων, αντων, σθων, which is termed Attic, as being frequently used by writers in the Attic dialect. These abbreviated Attic imperatives correspond in all the £438 17 0 tenses, except the Perfect, with the genitive plural of the participle of each tense; and the middle form ofwv corresponds with the third person of the dual voice; £18 10 0 (Gen. of the part. TεTо0оrwv) βουλευσάτωσαν and βουλευσάντων 30th. Took out of Cash for Petty Cash Account 31st. Due to Schofield, Halse and Co. for Interest, less postages, etc. ... 31st. Present middle βουλευεσθωσαν and βουλευεσθων Aorist σκεψασθωσαν and σκεψασθων. When in the Future of the active and middle σw, σouai, in roots of two or more syllables, a short vowel, ă, e, i, precedes the σ, the σ in many verbs is dropped, and a new form is produced, ending in w, ouuat (mark the circumflex); thus eλaw (commonly ελαυνω), I drive, έλασω, ελαω, ελῶ ; and so in the other persons, ελᾷς, ελᾷ, ελῶμεν, ελᾶτε, ελῶσι. This abbreviated form bears the designation of the Attic Future, because employed by Attic writers. I give some other examples of A FEW remarks on some of the forms of the verb, of which a Teλew (I end) full paradigin has been given, may be of service. In the conjugation @ the person-endings in the course of time underwent changes, as may be learnt from the older conjugation, namely, that in ; as well as from the dialects, or forms of the language in use among the Dorians, the Eolians, etc.-forms more ancient than the Attic, in which Xenophon wrote, whose Greek is considered the standard for ordinary prose. In the first person singular indicative and subjunctive of the active voice u has been dropped, and in the third person singular; thus the forms originally were λυομι or λυωμι instead of λυω, and λυετι instead of λυει. Soy has been dropped in the first singular indicative of the first Aorist, which was eλvoav, instead of, as now, Avoa. In the second person of the imperative active Ot was dropped, so that we have λυε instead of λυεθι. The second person singular active has the termination ofa in the following forms :-oo0a (in Latin, nosti), thou knowest, from the perfect oica, used with a present signification, as, I know ; ηδεισθα and ηδησθα, the pluperfect to οιδα, used with an imperfect meaning, as, thou knewest; spnoea, thou saidst, imperfect from on, I say; nola, thou wast, imperfect from eipi, I am; yeola, thou wentest, imperfect from eiμ, I go. The original form of the first person plural active indicative was μg instead of μev, resembling the Latin termination mus ; thus the Dorians said TUTTOμEC, we strike, instead of TUTTOμEv; so in the Latin, percutimus; so also ypap-o-μes, we write, in Latin, scrib-i-mus. The original form of the third person plural of the principal tenses, active voice, ended in vr: the r passed into σ, and the v was dropped, and so Boulevovri became first Bovλtovo, and then βουλευουσι, they advise. In the first person singular of the pluperfect active the Attic writers, besides the form given in the paradigm, namely, EXEλURE, had another form in (contracted from the Ionic κομίσω, Attic κομιῶ, ιεῖς, ιεῖ, ιοῦμεν, ιεῖτε ιοῦσι; κομιοῦμαι, ιεῖ, ιεῖται, ιούμεθα, etc. ßißaow, ßißaw, ßißw, ßißõμev, etc. These contracted Futures are found only in the indicative, the infinitive, and the participle; thus, TEA, TEXEIV, TEλWV. The verbs which take this form are—1. eλaw (eλavvW), TEXEW, and καλεω (I call); 2. all verbs in ίζω; 3. a few in αζω ; 4. of the verbs in ut, all that end in avvvμi, together with auguvvvμ, I put on (clothes), aupio. The Student should now have no difficulty in generally forming the parts of the verb required in the exercises that ensue. It may, however, be as well to enter a little into detail with the tenses. The Present and Imperfect Tenses, Active Voice. Suppose, then, that you have to construe ẞovλevovσ. This, you know, or may by consulting the paradigm learn, is the third person plural, indicative Present, formed by adding the termination ovo to the stem of the Present, Boulev, which comes from βουλευω, I advise ; and consequently βουλευουσι signifies they advise. Suppose, also, that you are requested to put into Greek the English he has, and that you have given you for the purpose the verb exw, I have; exw, you know, is the first person singular indicative active. To get the stem of the Present you cut off the w, and to ex, thus obtained, you affix it, the personal-ending of the third person singular indicative active, and so you obtain exet as the Greek for he has. Again, suppose that you have the form eßovλevov, and wish to ascertain what the form is. By the aid of your memory, or by reverting to the paradigm, you find that this form is made up thus - is the syllabic augment, Bovλɛu the root, eßovλev and my sisters took care of my education; the citizens nobly the tense-stem of the Imperfect, and or the person-ending of bear the chances that befal; the mother brings a rose to the the first person singular; consequently the form means I was father, that he may rejoice; the sister brought a rose to her advising, since Bovlevo signifies I advise. Well, then, if I bid brother, that he might rejoice; the daughter, the mother, and you put into Greek the Imperfect ye were advising, you take the father disagreed; do not (O that ye would not, un with Bovlevo, and cutting off w, the termination of the first person opt.) disagree, O parents; the boys were rejoicing; I rejoice; singular, you to the root, thus obtained, prefix the augment ε, you rejoice; we rejoice; thou rejoicest; they rejoice; you and so form Bovλev, the stem of the Imperfect; to this stem were rejoicing; I was rejoicing; my sister was rejoicing. The you add, as the termination of the second person plural, the young man is ignorant of music; these girls are ignorant of letters ετε, thus forming sẞovλEUETE, which means ye were music; I am ignorant of music; we, O boys, are ignorant of advising. In order, then, to form the Imperfect, take the Pre- music; those who are unskilled in letters, seeing see not; those sent as given in the Vocabulary, cut off the person-ending of women are unskilled in letters; I am not unskilled in letters ; the present, prefix the augment and subjoin the person-ending we are not unskilled in letters; two men are fleeing; he con(that one of the person-endings which you want) to the tense-ceals his thought in his heart; when the barbarians approached, stem. Take care in all cases to get your tense-stem before you | he fled; may the gods (opt.) turn the danger from us. attempt to add the person-endings, or the mood-vowel, or indeed to form any required part of the verb. VOCABULARY. Ayopεvw, I harangue, I say. Αποφεύγω, I fee. Προςπίπτω, I fall to, happen, Eraoia, I live in uproar, Μουσική, ης, ή, art, music. unskilful; amepoc exeu, to 'Erepoç, a, ov (Latin, alter), another. Tevvaiwe, generously, nobly, Ούτως (before consonants, Orɛ, when (with indicative). Te-rai, both, as well as, and ara-'Iva, in order that (with sub- REMARKS. The subjunctive of the first person plural holds the place of the imperative; thus, xaipwμev, w raides, is to be rendered, let us rejoice, O boys. The Imperfect often denotes a repeated act, and may sometimes be rendered, with the aid of the verb to accustom, thusZwкparηs, etc., was accustomed to speak. The optative, as expressive of a wish, may be used as a softened imperative, as АTоTρЕTоLTE, etc., O that you would turn away; that is, turn away. My iTepov, etc., literally, do not conceal in your heart another thought, speaking different things, that is, do not say one thing and think another. EXERCISES.-GREEK-ENGLISH. Δυο όδω προς την πολιν αγετον. Βοε το αρότρον αγετον. Χαιρωμεν, ω παιδες. Ως ἡδυ (sc. εστι) καλλος, ὅταν ἔχῃ νοῦν σωφρονα. Οἱ πολῖται τους νόμους φυλαττόντων. 'Eraipos έταιρου φροντίζετω. Πατηρ τε και μητηρ προνοιαν εχετων της των τεκνων παιδειας. Ο γραμματων απειρος ου βλεπει βλέπων. Τας προςπίπτουσας τύχας γενναίως φερε. Ο παις τῳ πατρί ροδον φέρει, ἵνα χαιρῇ. Ὁ παις τῷ πατρὶ ῥόδον έφερεν, ἵνα χαιροι. Σωκρατης ώσπερ εγιγνωσκεν οὕτως ελεγεν. Ότε οἱ Έλληνες επλησίαζον, οἱ βάρβαροι απέφευγον. Θεμιστοκλης και Αριστείδης ποτε εστασιάζετην, Λακεδαιμονιοι μουσικής απειρως έχουσιν. Αποτρεποιτε, ω θεοι, το δεινον αφ' ἡμων. Μη έτερον κεύθοις καρδια νουν, αλλα αγορεύων. ENGLISH-GREEK. The Future Tense, the First Aorist-Active Voice. The stem of the Future is formed from the stem of the Present by the addition of a to the stem of the Present; e.g. Av-, λvo-: vo- is the stem of the Future, subjoin the person-endings and you have the tense in full. The first Aorist active stem is formed from the stem of the Future by prefixing to that stem the augment; by affixing the person-endings as given in the paradigm, you obtain the tense in full. I will form the Future and the first Aorist of ayopɛvw. αγορευ-, Fut. αγορευσα, αγορεύσω, εις, ει, etc. αγορευση, Aorist first ηγορευσ-, ηγόρευσα, ας, ε, etc. You will observe in this last instance that the augment is not the syllabic but the temporal, namely e is changed into ŋ. VOCABULARY. Απολυω, I free from (απο and | Φυτεύω, I plant. Ataλvw, I put an end to (dia Καταλύω, I destroy (κατα and Aika, I judge (durn, justice, Aikaoτng, ov, ò̟, a judge. Kivovvevo, I am in danger, I Mnviw, I owe a grudge, I am to Aẞλaßria, innocence, innocu- Στρατία, ας, ή, an army. memnon. ò, Aga 'Εκτωρ, ορος, ό, Hector. Έσχατος, η, ov, the last, extreme; Πλατείαι, ων, ή, Platea. Aμow, both. Kai, even, also (in Latin, etiam). 'Ori, that. REMARKS. IIptv av, before (with subjunctive or optative); av refers a condition expressed or understood, and so requires a dependent mood. In the exercise EnууEλλɛ is the third person singular of the Imperfect indicative; the n between TT (ET) and the verb is the temporal augment formed by lengthening the a, the first is formed by simply lengthening the t. letter in the verb αγγελλω. In ισχύω and ἱκετευω the augment επιβουλευσαιεν is occasioned by ότι in a sentence formed after The optative form in the obliqua oratio; that is, the optative is required because the fact is represented as dependent on the report of the messenger; in English the indicative must be used. The force of the by any one word. The Student must wait for the explanations Aorist in the imperative TOTEUσarw cannot be given in English to be given in the Syntax. EXERCISES. GREEK-ENGLISH. This road leads to the city; two roads lead to the city; two Ο χρηστος ανθρωπος και τοις εκγόνοις φυτεύσει. Ο άγγελος Οἱ στρατιωται την πόλιν απο των πολεμίων απολύσουσιν. horses drive the plough; these roads led to the city; - επήγγελλε τους πολίταις, ὅτι οἱ πολέμιοι τῷ στρατευματι men are beautiful when they have good sense (a sound mind); the citizens keep (guard) the laws; the citizens were keeping επιβουλευσοιεν. Αχιλλευς Αγαμεμνονι εμηνῖσεν. Οἱ Ἕλληνες the laws; the citizen keeps the laws; you, Ο citizens, keep | ανδρεια πολλα ισχύσαν. Σωκρατης ουχ ικέτευσε τους δικαστας the laws; my father takes care of my education; my mother μετα πολλῶν δακρύων, αλλα πιστευσας τη ἑαυτου αβλαβεία |