(2) "SPIRIT-HOLY SPIRIT-SPIRIT OF GOD."

19. God himself, or the Divine Mind. -Gen. vi. 3: "My spirit shall not always strive with man." Ps. cxxxix. 7-10: "Whither shall I go from thy spirit? or whither shall I flee from THY PRESENCE? If I ascend up into heaven, THOU [art] there," &c. (Comp. John iv. 24: "God is a spirit.")—See Isa. xl. 13. 1 Cor. ii. 10, 11. et al. 20. The power or energy of the Deity, particularly as exerted in the works of creation and providence.—Job xxvi. 12, 13: “He divideth the sea WITH HIS POWER, and BY HIS UNDERSTANDING he smiteth through the proud. By his spirit he hath garnished the heavens: HIS HAND hath formed the crooked serpent." Ps. xxxiii. 6-9: "BY The word of JEHOVAH were the heavens made, and all the host of them by the breath (or spirit) OF HIS MOUTH. ....... HE SPAKE, and it was [done]; HE COMMANDED, and it stood fast." (Comp. Ps. viii. 3: "When I consider thy heavens, the work of THY FINGERS," &c.)-Sce Job xxxiii. 4. Ps. civ. 30. et al.

21. The power, wisdom, and knowledge, which God imparted to prophets, and other eminent individuals.-Numb. xi. 29: “Would God that all Jehovah's people were PROPHETS, [and] that Jehovah would put his spirit upon them!"-See Gen. xli. 38. Exod. xxxi. 3. Judg. iii. 10. 1 Sam. x. 6, 10. Neh. ix. 30. Isa. Ixiii. 11, 14. Micah iii. 8. Luke i. 41, 67. with many other texts.

22. A revelation or oracle, a divine suggestion or impulse.-2 Pet. i. 21: "Holy men of God spake [as they were] moved by the holy spirit." -See Ezek. xxxvii. 1. Matt. iv. 1. Acts viii. 29. et al.

23. The instructions and blessings which the Jewish people received from the Almighty-Neh. ix. 20: "Thou gavest also thy good spirit to instruct them."-See Isa. xliv. 3. Ezek. xxxix. 29. Acts vii. 51. 24. The pretended inspiration of false prophets. Ezek. xiii. 3: "Woe unto the foolish prophets, that follow their own spirit, and have seen nothing!"-See 1 Kings xxii. 21, 22 (personified), 23. The supposed influence of false Deities.-Dan. iv. 8, 9, 18; v. 11.

25. The divine operation displayed in the supernatural birth of Isaac and of Jesus. Luke i. 35: "The holy spirit shall come upon thee, and the POWER of the Highest shall overshadow thee."-See Gal. iv. 29. 26. The inspiration of Jesus Christ; or that extraordinary wisdom and power which were conferred on him by his Almighty Father, for the performance of miracles, and for the furtherance of the great objects of the gospel dispensation.John iii. 34: "He whom God hath sent speaketh the words of God; for God giveth not

L

the spirit by measure [unto him]."

Acts x. 38: "God anointed

Jesus of Nazareth with the holy spirit and with POWER."— See Isa. xi. 2. Matt. xii. 18, 28 (comp. Luke xi. 20); 31, 32. Luke iv. 1, 14, 18. Acts i. 2. with parallel passages.

27. The divine power by which the Saviour was raised from the dead. -See Rom. i. 4. 1 Pet. iii. 18 (comp. 2 Cor. xiii. 4).

28. Those divine gifts and graces by which the apostles were enabled to speak foreign languages, work miracles, and propagate the doctrines of Christianity; and by which they were comforted amidst the afflictions to which they were subject for the sake of their Master-Acts i. 5-8: "John truly baptized with water; but ye shall be baptized with the holy spirit not many days hence.... Ye shall receive POWER, after that the holy spirit is come upon you." (Comp. John xx. 22: "Jesus BREATHED on them, and saith, Receive ye the holy spirit." Luke xxiv. 49: "I send you the promise of my Father upon you; but tarry ye in the city, until ye be endued with POWER from on high.")-See Matt. xix. 20. John xiv. 16-26. Acts ii. 4, 17, 18, 33. Acts iv. 8, 31. Heb. ii. 4.

The instances of such applications of the terms spirit and holy spirit occur very frequently in the New Testament, particularly in the Acts of the Apostles.

29. The spiritual meaning of Christ's language.John vi. 63: "It is the spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing: the words that I speak unto you are spirit and are life.”

30. The Christian dispensation as contrasted with the Jewish ritual.Phil. iii. 3: "We are the circumcision who worship God in the spirit, and rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh" (comp. ver. 4-6).-See Rom. vii. 6; viii. 15. 2 Cor. iii. 6-8 (comp. ver. 9). et al.

31. The holy influence of the gospel on the minds of men, particularly in opposition to the influence of worldly-mindedness.--Gal. v. 16—25: “Walk in the spirit, and ye shall not fulfil the lust of the flesh.... The fruit of the spirit is love, joy, peace, long-suffering," &c. See John iii. 5-8. Acts ix. 31. Rom. viii. 4-14. 1 Cor. ii. 12-14. Gal. iv. 6; vi. 8. 1 Pet. iv. 6. et al. 32. The mind and affections as enlightened and purified by Christianity. -2 Cor. vi. 4-6: "Approving ourselves... by knowledge, by long-suffering, by kindness, by the holy spirit," &c.-See Rom. xiv. 17. 1 Cor. xii. 13. Phil. ii. 1. Col. i. 8. Jude 19. et al.

33. Spiritual blessings in general. See Luke xi. 13: "If ye, being evil, know how to give goods unto your children; how much more shall [your] heavenly Father give the holy spirit" (Matt. vii. 11, "give GOOD THINGS") "to them that ask him?”

SECT. II.-PASSAGES OF SCRIPTURE CONTAINING EXPRESSIONS RELATIVE TO THE SPIRIT, WHICH INDICATE, NOT A DIVINE PERSON DISTINCT FROM GOD, THE FATHER, AND EQUAL TO HIM, – BUT THE HOLY AND SUPERNATURAL INFLUENCE OF THE DEITY ON THE MINDS OF HIS SERVANTS, WITH THE ACCOMPANYING GIFTS AND POWERS.

1. The spirit of God was in Joseph and Joshua.-Gen. xli. 38. Numb. xxvii. 18. The holy spirit was put within Moses.-Isa. lxiii. 11. A new spirit was promised to be put within the Jewish people. Ezek. xi. 19; xxxvi. 26, 27; xxxvii. 14.

2. The spirit of Jehovah was upon, put upon, or came upon the prophets, and other inspired persons.-Numb. xi. 17; xxiv. 2. Judges iii. 10; xv. 14. 1 Sam. x. 6, 10; xi. 6; xvi. 13; xix. 20, 23.

xi. 29; xiv. 6;

2 Kings ii. 9.

ii. 25; iv. 18.

2 Chron. xv. 1; xx. 14. Isa. lix. 21. Luke i. 35; Acts i. 8; xix. 6.

3. The spirit of Jehovah fell on Ezekiel.—Ezek. xi. 5. The holy spirit fell on the primitive Christians.-Acts viii. 16; x. 44; xi. 15. 4. God's holy spirit descended, lighted, and rested, or abode on Christ, and was put upon him.-Isa. xi. 2; xlii. 1; lxi. 1. Matt. iii. 16; xii. 18. Mark i. 10. Luke iii. 22; iv. 18. John i. 32, 33.

5. With the holy spirit and with power God anointed Jesus of Nazareth. Acts x. 38.

6. The Saviour, and many individuals both under the Jewish and Christian dispensation, were full of, or filled with the spirit of wisdom, the holy spirit, the spirit of God.—Exod. xxviii. 3; xxxi. 3; xxxv. 31. Deut. xxxiv. 9. Luke i. 15, 41, 67; iv. 1. Acts ii. 4; iv. 8, 31; vi. 3, 5; vii. 55; ix. 17; xi. 24; xiii. 9, 52. Eph. v. 18.

7. To the apostles, and other primitive disciples of Christ, the holy spirit was partially given, but to their Lord and Master it was given without measure.-Luke xi. 13. John iii. 34. Acts v. 32; viii. 18; xi. 17; xv. 8. Rom. v. 5. 2 Cor. i. 22; v. 5. 1 Thess. iv. 8. 1 John iii. 24; iv. 13. Also, Acts ii. 38; x. 45; xi. 16, 17. Heb. ii. 4; vi. 4. 8. Conformably to the expression just mentioned, the apostles and other

primitive Christians received the holy spirit.John vii. 39; xx. 22. Acts ii. 38; viii. 15, 17, 19; x. 47; xix. 2. 1 Cor. ii. 12. 2 Cor. xi. 4. Gal. iii. 2, 14.

9. With the same spirit they were baptized.-Matt. iii. 11. Mark i. 8. Luke iii. 16. John i. 33. Acts i. 5; xi. 16.

10. The apostles were supplied with the spirit of Christ, Phil. i. 19; and were partakers of it, Heb. vi. 4.

11. The holy spirit, or spirit of God, was poured out or shed forth both on Jews and Gentiles.-Isa. xxxii. 15; xliv. 3. Ezek. xxxix. 29. Joel ii. 28. Acts ii. 17, 18, 33; x. 45. Titus iii. 5, 6.

12. Believers were sealed with the holy spirit of promise.-Eph. i. 13.

SECT. III. PASSAGES OF SCRIPTURE IN WHICH, BY PROSOPOPEIA, THE SPIRIT, HOLY SPIRIT, OR SPIRIT OF GOD, IS SPOKEN OF AS POSSESSING PERSONAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMING PERSONAL ACTIONS.

1. Matt. x. 20: It is not ye that speak, but the spirit of your Father which speaketh in you. See Par. Pas.; and comp. Luke xxi. 14, 15. 2. Acts i. 16: This scripture must needs have been fulfilled, which the holy spirit, by the mouth of David, spake before," &c.-See chap. xxviii. 25. Heb. iii. 7; ix. 8; x. 15. 2 Sam. xxiii. 2. Luke ii. 26. 3. Acts viii. 29: The spirit said unto Philip, Go," &c.-See chap. x. 19; xiii. 2; xx. 23; xxi. 11. 1 Tim. iv. 1. Ezek. ii. 2; iii. 24; xi. 5. They, being sent forth by the holy spirit, departed. It seemed good to the holy spirit, and to us, &c. Over which the holy spirit hath made you overseers. They were forbidden of the holy spirit to preach the word in Asia. See ver. 7; chap. xi. 12. 1 Cor. xii. 11.

4. Acts xiii. 4:

5. Acts xv. 28:

6. Acts xx. 28:

7. Acts xvi. 6:

The preceding passages may justly be considered as referring either to God himself, or to the divine impulse by which his servants were actuated. Those which follow, IF they prove the personality of the holy spirit, prove also, in the strongest manner, that the being mentioned therein is inferior to God, the Father, and his Son Jesus Christ.

8. John xiv. 16-26: I will pray the Father, and he shall GIVE you another Comforter, that he may abide with you for ever, [even] the spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth him not, neither knoweth him; but ye know him; for he dwelleth with you, and shall be in you. These things have I spoken unto you, being [yet] present with you. But the Comforter, the holy spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you.

9. John xv. 26: When the Comforter is come, whom I WILL SEND unto YOU FROM THE FATHER, [even] the spirit of truth which PROCEEDETH FROM THE FATHER, he shall testify of me-See 1 Pet. i. 12. 10. John xvi. 7-15: If I go not away, the Comforter will not come unto you; but if I depart, I WILL SEND HIM unto you. And when he is come, he will reprove the world of sin, and of righteousness, and of judgment. ... I have yet many things to say unto you, but ye cannot bear them now. Howbeit, when he, the spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth; for he shall not speak OF HIMSELF; but WHATSOEVER he SHALL HEAR, [that] shall he speak; and he will show you things to come. He shall glorify me; for he shall RECEIVE of mine, and shall show [it] unto you. 11. Acts v. 32: We are witnesses of these things; and [so is] also the holy spirit, whom (which) God hath GIVEN to them that obey him. 12. Rom. viii. 26, 27: The spirit helpeth our infirmities; for we know not

what we should pray for as we ought; but the spirit itself MAKETH INTERCESSION for us with GROANINGS which cannot be uttered.

SECT. IV. OBSERVATIONS ON THE EVIDENCE FOR THE IMPERSONALITY OF THE HOLY SPIRIT, OR SPIRIT OF GOD, CONSIDERED AS DISTINCT FROM GOD, THE FATHER.

From a careful review of the texts in the preceding lists, the various meanings of the original word translated ghost, spirit, &c. may be reduced into three classes, agreeably to its three prominent significations in the Sacred Volume: I. Wind, exhalation, or breath.—II. Life or the vital principle of animals, mind or intelligence, person or being.-III. Power, energy, operation, influence, gifts, or qualities.

I. The primary import of the word spirit is well known to every scholar. The Hebrew noun thus rendered is derived from a verb signifying to smell, or breathe out an odour; the Greek and the Latin, respectively, from a verb denoting to blow or breathe; and even the old English term, ghost, from a Saxon verb signifying to move or rush-the word gust (of wind) being evidently a derivative. Hence, spirit is frequently used in Holy Writ to denote the breath of men and animals.

II. As the bodily functions in man derive animation and vigour from the vital breath, the mind or intellect was supposed by the ancients to be subject to a similar influence; and accordingly the same word was applied equally to what was called the animal soul, or principle of life; and to the rational soul, namely, the mind or understanding: as in Gen. ii. 7, "God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath, or spirit of life; and man became a living soul"-phrases used evidently not of the intellect, but of the principle of animation; and in Job xxxii. 8: "There is a spirit in man, and the inspiration of the Almighty hath given them understanding;" where, according to a parallelism abounding in Hebrew poetry, understanding in the latter clause of the sentence is synonymous with spirit in the former.

From the gross conceptions entertained of the great Author of nature, particularly in the earlier ages of the world, God was represented as a person like man, composed of soul and body, actuated by human feelings and passions, and in possession of bodily organs of hands, ears, eyes, mouth, and spirit, or breath; expressions which, from the imperfection of language, were used by those who possessed the loftiest and most correct conceptions of the Divinity; and which, in condescension to human weakness, were employed by that Being himself who is "without parts or passions," and whose presence pervades the immensity of space. Thus is it declared in Scripture, that "the spirit of God hath made man, and the breath of the Almighty hath given him life;" that "by the word of Jehovah were the heavens made, and all the host of them by the breath, or spirit, of his mouth;" and that the Lord Jesus Christ performed miracles by the finger, or spirit of God. But, from these and other passages of Scripture, it is evident that the hand or finger of God is a phrase used to denote his creative, providential, or miraculous energy;