with a square sheet of leade to shoote the water off every way, underset with foure spurres: this being decayed and rotten, was taken downe, and a new one built of brickes, as now we see it, about some 30 years since (1600) by Deane Wood, who dwelt in the house next unto it on the East part."

The Dean resided at this time in a house (long since divided into two dwellings, and lately occupied by Mr. Copeland and Mr. Tyler) on the East of the Cross he caused the old decayed Wooden Cross to be taken down, and on its site erected an octangular brick column, which is still standing, but concealed by the late additions. On the South and West sides were stone dials, one of which remained till the year 1809, and under the neckings in the brick work were crosses formed like the Greek letter tau (T). This Cross being found in a very dilapidated state, was repaired in 1809, and covered with cement by Mr. BerBasconia, under the direction of Mr. Shaw, architect, and at the same time various architectural embellishments, usually termed Gothic, were introduced, in the style of those that prevailed in the Tudor æra. On the face of the octagon is a shield containing one of the letters composing the word Tottenham in the old character, and it will long be regretted, that the date at which the alterations were made is not to be found in any part

of this structure.

The Plate annexed (see Plate II.) was sketched in 1805, and is a faithful representation of this Cross as it then was, an emblem of antiquity.

"The third remarkable thing," says Mr. Bedwell, "of this second ternary is the Hermitag, distant Southward from the Crosse about X score, or short of a stone bridge in the bottome VII or VIII score: it was within the memory of some yet living (1631) a little square building, for the most part of bricke; it is now a pretty dwelling for a small family; it was built questionless upon the common; but since it seemetli by licence obtained of the Lord, it hath bene inclosed, and to it hath bene annexed a little plotte of ground, which lately hath bene converted to au hort. yard as also a long slip two poale broad, running along by the Highway Southward, from the house were twenty score." This was a cell de.

pendant on the Monastery of the Holy Trinity in London; and in the year 1638 it was the property of Ferdinando Pulford and Anne his mother. At the present time the Bull Public House stands on the site of the Hermitage, and the long slip of ground before mentioned, ruuning thence Southward to Page Green and the Seven Sisters, was a few years ago purchased by Mr. Chas. Tuck of the late Thos. Smith, Esq. late Lord of the Manor, who has erected a row of neat houses thereon, which is called Grove Place.

*

Mr. Bedwell states, "The offertory of St. Loy is a poore house situate on the West side of the sayd roade, a little off the bridge, where the middle ward was determined." This well, called St. Loy's Well, was, in Bedwell's time, a deep pit in the Highway, always full of watert, but never running over; it was cleaned out in the memory of some persons living in Bedwell's time, and at the bottom was found a great stone, which had certain letters or characters on it; but being, through the carelessness of the workmen, broken and defaced, and no person near who regarded it, it was not known what the characters

meant.

This well is still to be seen in a field on the West side of the high road, belonging to Mr. Sperling, but in the occupation of the representative of the late Mr. Chas. Saunders. It is surrounded by willows, and close to the hedge row which divides the above field from Mr. Forster's brick-field; it is bricked up on all sides, square, and about four feet deep.

In a drawing by the late Mr. Townsend, this well is represented with a hermit standing by it, who receives an offering from a lady. The draw

*St. Eloy, or Eligius, was born at Cadaillac near Limöges in France, about the year 588, and apprenticed to a goldsmith; till, on his having executed a beautiful piece of work for Clothaire II. the King called him to court, and consulted him about affairs of state. He was ordained Bishop of Noyon in the year 640, at the age of 52 years, and held that see near 20 years, still working at his 'original trade, and making some of the finest shrines in that king's dominions. He died at the age of 70, Dec. 1, in the year 659.

+ The properties of this water are said to be similar to the Cheltenham springs.

A LITHOGRAPHIC VIEW OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES IN ENGLAND: BY THE LATE MR. EMANUEL MENDEZ DA COSTA, F. R. S.

(Continued from p. 224.)

W ESTMORELAND. A county

full of mines, and abounds also in many curious fossils of different kinds, as very fine cubic fluors, crys tals, petrifactions, &c. Slate quarries at Troutbeck Park. Lead mines at Hartley, Kirby Steven, &c.

Cumberland. A county full of mines and minerals. Whitehaven, the great coal-pits that even run under the bed of the sea. Petrifactions abound in this county. The awful slate fells, and slate quarries at Newlands. Keswick and Barrowdale blacklead mines, fine hæmatites and rubrica or Reddle ore at Langron near Whitehaven, and at Egremont, &c. Copper mines at Caudbeck, Goidscalp, &c.; lead mines at Nenthead, Newlands, Alston Moor, Thornthwaite, Barrow, and the many lead mines of the Der. wentwater estate. In Barrow, Brickhilburn, and several others of these mines, fine and curious Spathose lead ores are found; the fibrous kinds they call stringy ores. Lead, copper, and iron mines in the manor of Millom. Salt paus at Brausty Cliff near Whitehaven.

Northumberland. This county is the borders of England to Scotland, and is remarkable for its mineral productions. Newcastle, its coal-pits and trade; the lead mines at Thorngill, Blaygill, Skeldon, Alanshead, Ramsgill, Dowgang, &c. Iron works near Newcastle, and at Darwincourt. The Picts' Wall, a famous piece of antiquity, runs through this county, and part of Cumberland.

Durham, a county rich in minerals. Sunderland, a sea-port, its trade in coals of the collieries in its neighbourhood, and in lime and limestone. Many other coal pits near Cambois, at Blyth, &c. Lead mines in the manor of Huntsonworth, Muggles wick Park, Shildon near Blanchland, Pikelaw, Eastrake, Flakebridge, Breconsike, and Jessrass. Hæmatites in Durham, sent to Sheffield and Rotheram in Yorkshire to be fused, and

307

iron furnaces at Bedlington, Hunwich Moor near Bishop's Auckland, at Winlaton, Smallwell, and Teams. Salt works at Cambois, Blyth, and Bishopwearmouth near Sunderland. Many stone quarries in this county, which yield curious petrifactions.

Se

Yorkshire. The largest county in England, full of remarkables worthy the attention of a traveller. Whitby and its neighbourhood the alum works; jet and amber is also found in the cliffs, and the alum stone abounds with two kinds of ammonitæ and other petrifications. Whitby is a sea-port, and has sail cloth and other manufactories. Halifax manufactory of cloths, and coal-pits. Lead mines at Malham, Beldy-hill in the parish of Wensley, Ridmer Mines, Arkendale, Richmond, and Craven Mines, Gressington Moor Mines. Iron maDufactories at Sheffield, and Rotheram; at these places they smelt the rich and good iron ores of Lancashire, Cumberland, and Northumberland. veral iron mines lie round about Sheffield, and there are iron forges or works also at Harcliffe, Colnbridge, Kirkstall, Waddesley, Kiluhurst, Wortley, Roach Abbey, Mousehole, and Seamoor. Copper mines at Malham, and other places. Coal-pits at Turfmoor, twelve miles from Whitby, North Bierley, Halifax, Crofton, Wortley, &c.; a very hard coal, tak ing a very fine polish, used for turners' work at Sheffield, as for snuffboxes, candlesticks, &c. the pits about a mile from that place. Petrifactions in many places, as in the rocks at Engleton, Hildern Hill near Scar borough, Clatteringsike between Malham and Settle; entrochi shells and coralloids in amazing quantities; shells in Halifax coal-pits, and vegetable impressions in those of North Bierley. Scarborough Spa. The incrusting or petrifying well, so called at Knaresborough, and the spa there. The shores of Yorkshire, viz. Scarborough, Burlington, Flamboroughhead, &c. abound with bowlders of marbles, granites, jaspers, petrifactions, &c. as at Scarborough, the masses of septaria, or ludus helmontii, amber (which the people sell). At Holderness cliffs, &c.

Derbyshire, a famous mineral country; in one part full of coal-pits, in the other of lead mines. The Peak or rocky country is the mine part.

The

The famous cavern called the Devil's A-e is at Castleton. Elden hole, a terrible perpendicular chasm or gulph. Pools Hole, a cavern, a mile West of Buxton, where are mineral waters, and perfect crystals called Buxton diamonds. Matlock baths, and petrifying (incrusting) waters, and mines. Chatsworth, the Duke of Devonshire's seat, Stoney Middleton caverns, called Bossen's hole, Bamforth hole, &c. Mines, mostly lead, at Winster, Bakewell, Ashborne, Wirksworth, Wensley, Eyam, Snetterton, Crumford, &c. Some copper mines. Iron works at Godnor, Chesterfield, Barton fields, New Mills, Plesley, and Staveley, &c. Coal-pits at Swanwich near Alfreton, Chesterfield, Hayner, Shipley, &c. All the limestone of Derbyshire abounds with petrifactions, as coralloids, anomiæ, entrochi, &c. The Derbyshire marble is a mass of entrochi and other marine remains; the best of it is got at Moneyash and Rigley dale, The collieries have vegetable impressions. The mines abound with stalactites and spars, called stone icicles, drop-stone, dogtooth, spar, &c. with cubic and other fluors, called blue John stone, cauk, croyl stone, &c. and also called spars. Marcasites called Brazils. Mineræ zinci, called mock ores. Lead and other ores, also various limestones, dun-stone, toad-stone, black-stone, and cherts, i. e. petrosilices. Shale is another large stratum. Fine vases and urns are turned from the stalactites, and from a fine amethystine and crystalline fluor, which, with specimens of the black, the entrochus, and other marbles of this county, are sold to curious travellers by Mr. Watson at Bakewell. At Derby are famous silk mills.

Staffordshire. Dudley lime-stone pits abound with elegant petrifactions of coralloids, crustacea, and shells. The Stourbridge clay, famous for its use in metallurgical operations, as lutings and bricks for furnaces. Iron works and ores at Walsal, Willenhall, Bilston, Wednesbury, Cannock, Bromwich, Little Aston, &c. a plating mill at Consal, and iron manufactories at Wolverhampton. A copper mine at Ecton. Coal-pits at Wednesbury, and in many other places. The navigable canals now making through this county deserve attention.

Warwickshire. This county is

nearly the centre of England. Birmingham, and its several manufac tories. Abounds with coal-pits, as at Sutton Coldfield, &c. Copper at Nuncaton; quarries at Long Compton, Shipston, &c. Iron works at Bromford, and Clifford.

Worcestershire. Worcester and its manufactories. Iron works at Shelsley, Wildon, Pennyhole, Loverittiton, Woolversley, Cookley, Cradely, Lye, and Powick. Salt works at Droitwich. Many coal-pits in this county.

Oxfordshire. A stobe county, every spot of it being full of stone quarries, and abounds with petrifactions. Ochre pits at Shotover bill. Quarries of Heddington yield fine selenitæ. Quarries of flag-stone, famous for its curious and elegant petrifactions at Stuusfield, Witney blanket manufactory. The University. Blenheim

House.

Buckinghamshire has many quarries that abound with petrifactions, as at the Brill, Ailesbury, Dinton Mill, &c. Chalk hills at Beaconsfield, &c, Lace manufactory at Newport Pagnel.

Middlesex. Return to London.
(To be continued.)

Mr. URBAN,

Ettoe, March 6.

As you have been pleased to review my late publication very favourably in your Mag. for September last, p.244, and at the same time to suggest to me the propriety of writ ing a novel, delineating Welsh peculiaries; I beg leave to inform you that I have nearly completed a Tale, tending to illustrate that object, and similar in principle to the "Tales of my Landlord."

A Correspondent, in a former Number, requested you to “ stir up" another Jedidiah Čleishbotham for the composition of "Welsh Tales,” a task replete with almost insurmountable difficulties. The Welsh of the present day possess not that marked nationality so peculiar to the Scotch, and which, united with their simple and expressive dialect, forms the principal beauties of the Scottish Tales. Now to introduce the Welsh language to the English reader would be absurd, as not one in ten thousand understand it; and to exhibit the English language as spoken by a native of Wales, would be too broad a caricature, and consequently unpleasant to a gene

rous

rous mind. Another chief source of the delight which these fascinating Novels give to the mind is, that they are connected with important historical events. The History of Wales (if we except the civil war between Charles I. and the Parliament) presents no extraordinary revolution subsequent to the rebellion of Owen Glendower, which æra is too remote to be generally interesting as the theatre of a Novel..

a pair of wooden legs as supporters; a judge, with an owl in spectacles; a merchant writing under succeeding impressions, might have a ship heavy laden coming into port; or a letter conveying a case of bankruptcy might communicate its unpleasant tidings by a broken pitcher. The mottos are numerous, and might serve to show the wit of the writer by the judgment of the selection; the engraver would find his account, the reader his, and the writer would be saved many unpleasantries, and run much less risk of having his letter read in a wrong ALPHABETICUS.

mood.

brian Tales."

Mr. URBAN,

THER

Enfield, Feb. 9. HERE is a great inconvenience which requires a remedy, and 1 know no channel so likely to convey one as the Gentleman's Magazine; I mean the mischief that arises from the difference in which we write our sentiments, and the construction that is frequently put upon them. There are very few, I conceive, but must have experienced this in the course of their epistolary communications; and as for myself, I am now acting as umpire between two of the bestmeaning souls alive, arising from the misconceptions of each other's style. The one reads in an ill humour, but writes in a good one; whilst the other party is directly the reverse. I recommend an exchange of their tempers pro tempore, but would be most happy to find some permanent cure, or, perhaps, I should say, a preventative of this too frequent occurrence. With all due submission, I will suggest, that each Letter-scribbler should be furnished with a set of seals, with mottos or good sentiments upon them that shall always answer as a sort of preface to the matter within, and ihus, without much trouble, we should attune the mind like any other instrument to the key we would wish; thus Love might indulge in the old game of flying Cupids, bleeding hearts, and the like; soldiers might preface a long petition to the commander in chief with an elegant trophy; or an old navy lieutenant might adorn his with

GOOD Mr. URBAN,

THE

HE great heaviness in my head with which I am oftentimes vi

by an unluckie horse belonging to Thos. Edgerly the Universitie carrier, is somewhat abated. I am becoming daily more lightsome, and the slowness with which during my late sad visitation I apprehended things that I read or heard, is gradually departing.

I therefore speed me in fulfilling my promise, aud forward to you, as below, a copie of a Letter sent by my worthie old friend Sir William Dugdale, sometimes Norroy King at Arms, but long since departed this life, to a gentleman of note in the Northern parts of England, touching the pedigree and pious acts of my Ladie Dutchesse Dudlie, who gave way to fate a'o d'ni 1668, at ber house near the Church of St. Giles in Holburne. This said Letter, with manie mo'e much at your service, I have fairlie transcribed from the MS volumes of Epistles Clarorum Virorum, heretofore mentioned to you. These volumes I carefully keepe in my withdrawing roome, and frequently peruse them at my leisure. Notwithstanding my old age, I often indulge myself with a romancy walke in the shady recesses near my place of habitation. Heraldry, music, and painting, still so crowd upon me that I cannot avoid them, and methinks I am carried on with a kind of Estrum, for nobody else hereabout hardlie cares for these vertuous studies, but rather makes a scorn of them. Saving my worthie friend R. S. who hath written a goodly tome (with the reading of which my tender affections and insatiable desire of knowledge were as

much

Extract of a Letter from James Ducarel, Esq. to his Brother Dr. Ducarel, dated Caen, Jan. 25, 1764. 66 ESTERDAY I went to exa

Yine with a curious and learned Antiquary the Guard-room and Barons'-hall at the Abbey of St. Stephen's, which for 400 years past has been changed to a granary for wheat; and had the good luck to find it quite empty of every thing whatever, and clean swept, in order to receive new wheat this day. Consequently I could see those coats of arms of Norman nobility you have asked after, and which few of the people, even of the monks, have ever heard of; they are perfect and entire, in eight rows, from East to West, as near as I could guess; the pavement as fresh as if it had been laid down but yesterday, because the squares, which may be about four inches every way, and an inch English thick, had been burned even to vitrification. I have obtained one of the pavez with a coat of arms, which had been taken up in order to make a hole through, which, by means of a tube, they shift the wheat into the room underneath. This pavement I propose to give you there are amongst the arms, some that are repeated, but which may have been of two or three brothers-the spaces between each row are a kind of tesselated pavement-in the middle are others in a circle, to make a maze which people were to tread, so that in the circumference of perhaps ten feet, you must have walked a mile 'before you had gone through every part-in other places are draught boards in the pavement, such as are used to this day, where I suppose they played at chess. the two end windows were roses, part of the fine painted glass is still to be seen, though stopped up in the rose part with lime and plaister; the two great chimneys remain as you will see in your draught when I can get it-the arched ceiling is supported by most light and ele gant wood-work-the door itself, though of old carved wood, is as old as the building.

"To the left is the room, or hall of the Barons; round which were hung their arms in the shields which I suppose they then bore. The place where they hung, at about 18 feet from the ground, is evident

by the colour, but some shields still We measured its length, 64 remain. feet 9 inches French measure, but I believe we lost the 3 inches by inaccuracy; the width about 27 feet; the

height, by guess, about 24 feet; it had a like fine chimney, now destroyed, and a like pavement with the other room, only that instead of arms, there are stags and dogs in full chase, good windows, and the entry to it through the guard-room, which it joins at right angles. My friend further shewed me the original picture of the Duke William, from whence that in the Sale de Compagnie (which you took for Henry the VIII.) was drawn-it lays neglected in the porter's-lodge, up one pair of stairs, as big as the life, and no ways resembles those we have of Harry-it is still in good condition, and I dare say I could purchase it for five guineas-the Sub-prior attended me and my friend, who further shewed me the round point of the Church internally, and the art of the architect, who has ordered matters so, that from the centre you see 7 chappels with their 14 windows, as if made to answer to that centre, though every window is in an oblique direction-this centre is behind the great altar, and made half of a great circle. We went up stairs in the superb galleries - he shewed me that, to avoid the enormous weight, the stone, which make the inside work of the upper parts is of a porous and much lighter composition than the rest of the Church; of which stone I have also got a piece for you- there are five stories, or galleries one above the other-I went only two story high, for the small stair-cases are dark, and the ways higher, dangerous to a short-sighted man-the design was to be able to repair every where without scaffolding. I am clearly of opinion that there were as sure grounds of architecture then as in the time of the RomansI am told the name of the builder is behind the great altar-I will go and see for it when I have leisure, for I did not think of it yesterday, and indeed it was almost dark before I had done. The new Sub-prior, my friend, tells me that at Freeamp and Jumiege, there are two great curiosities, one the picture of Duke Richard, well preserved the other, a Guard-room, wider than this of Caen is long. I cannot conceive why, instead of build