1.820.] Review of New Publications. it appears plain, that were females more employed in the lighter manufactures, and relief from poor's rates withheld to healthy persons, we should retain, by means of the wives earnings, a most valuable agricultural peasantry, and yet see the excess of the population relieve itself by seasouable, enriching, and voluntary emigration. It did so during the union of Great Britain and America; and if, in every infant colony, one emigrant settler employs three at home, it is plain that reform here is indispensable, in the wise sense of the word, not that of factious and mischievous jargon, i. e. breaking things to pieces instead of repairing them. That such is the case, appears plain from a comparison of the state of population in England with that of infant countries. On the banks of the Ohio, the population is only one to one and a half square miles, or 960 acres, but in England, upon the same quantity of ground, 192 persons, in Lancashire 400 (Kingdom, p. 18.); whereas, allowing for wastes, woods, and cattle, ten acres per head is required in the view of sufficient elbow-room, for every eater of meat consumes five acres. In some districts of the Cape of Good Hope, each family has, upon an average, forty-six square miles of land (Id. 120); and it is astonishing, that Europeans, with the knowledge of this fact, should commit a grand error. The object of commerce is wealth, not simple maintenance, yet they fly to that in remedy of deficiency of territory. This is much like such a folly as would be importation of dinners and suppers from a hundred miles distance, instead of removing to the spot; and the result is dearness of provisions, exceedingly pernicious in the view of ale and exportation of our manufactures, and accumulation of capital. Let us hear Mr. Kingdom: “Of the beneficial results of Emigra tion, in a pecuniary point of view, to those who leave this country, with the intention of employing themselves in agriculture, there can be little doubt; for it will be found, that the mere increase in the value of the land alone, after 15 or 20 years occupation, independent of the produce from it during that period, offers large returns for their labours, and may justly be considered amply sufficient to compensate for the deprivation of a few lux 151 uries at the commencement of a settlement." Kingdom, p. 315. It appears that " Imoney sunk in the rearing of sheep alone, in New South Wales and Van Diemen's island, will in the course of three years double itself, besides paying an interest of 75 per cent." Id. p. 282. At Van Diemen's island, "Large tracts of land, perfectly free from timber, or underwood, and covered with the most luxuriant herbage, are to be found in all directions, but more particularly in the environs of Port Dal rymple. This sort of land is invariably of the very best description, and millions of acres still remain unappropriated, which are capable of being instantly converted to all the purposes of husbandry. There the colonist has no expense to incur in clearing his farm; he is not compelled to a great preliminary outlay of capital before he can expect a considerable return he has only to set fire to the grass, to prepare his land for the immediate reception of the plough-share; so that if he but possess a good team of horses, or oxen, with a set of harsness, and a couple of substantial ploughs, he has the main requisites for commencing an agricultural establishment, and for insuring a comfortable subsistence for himself and family." (Id. p. 297.) Add to this, excellent water-carriage, from settlement on the banks of a navigable river. Mr. Kingdom's interesting book is an East Indian's cargo of valuable information, packed, selected, and loaded with excellent skill and judgment; and, as fortunes with large capitals may be made any where, it is very useful for us to know, where they can be made without. It is most certain, that America is the very worst place for emigration, though the most common, because best known, and offering exoneration from debts in England. Nothing, however, can be clearer than, that there exist openings both for temporarary residence for purpose of returning with wealth, and for provision of our superabundant population in one is land only of the South Seas: and that from thence we could cheaply be supplied with raw materials, at least wool, without foreign heavy tariffs, would enable our which facturers at home to undersell all other nations. While we are starving seventeen millions of hungry manu 4 bipeds in two insular rabbit warrens ; why not inclose the immense commons of our British empire, and try to exhibit some fat prize colonial farmers and landholders, as well as fat native oxen, We have only to invite the settlement of steady young men, with small capitals, and give a power of returning, after five years, to labourers. But our limits will not allow us to expatiate on the subject; and we therefore warmly recommend Mr. Kingdom's work to the particular notice of our merchants and legislators, as presenting a fertile field for the adoption of measures, in our opinion, both wise and indispensable. Mr. Savage's pamphlet is a welldigested tract, properly exposing the precariousness and danger of settling in America; and, we know, that he is well supported by other authorities. We shall conclude with observing, that the empire subject to the Crown of Great Britain is immense and grow ing; that it appears destined to civilize one full half of the globe; and that, while its native territory cannot afford to keep seventeen millions at home, its foreign property is equal to the support of one hundred in comfort. It wants only a wise conjunction of interest and intercourse with its colonies, and accordant habitancy, to render its navy, commerce, revenue, resources, and fellow-feelings, a common interest. A merchant's family would play their cards into each other's hands easily, upon this plan; and why not a nation? For instance, if a horse-shoe at 66 Onandinga in America costs 5s." (Savage, p. 50.) it is evident that, similar wants existing in our own colonies, there are ample encouragements for exportation of our own wrought goods, of a certain kind, for many years to come. Add to this, a future colonial navy in aid of the Mother Country, against the jealous anger of her elder Daughter, if time and prudence do not wear out her enmity, and incline her to peace and union. 27. A Letter to the Bishop of St. David's, occasioned by his Lordship's Misconceptions and Misrepresentations of a Pamphlet, entitled, Reflections concerning the Expediency of a Council of the Church of England and the Church of Rome, being holden,' &c. By Samuel Wix, A. M. F. R. and A. S. &c. 8vo. pp. 102. Rivingtons. UPON all controvertible points, mankind are prone to think in extremes; and novel propositions in politicks or religion produce new parties, or new schisms. Mr. Wix, thinking that the wicked Lady of Babylon might be easily brought to repentance and reformation, proposed to reconcile her to the chaste. Protestant part of her family. The Bishop of St. David's thinks that the result might be dangerous, as either leading to corruption of innocence, or at least to new schism. We perfectly believe Mr. Wix to have had the best intentions, and we know, in justification of him, that Popery and Protestantism are not so much distinguished by differences, as by the simple proceeding in the latter of omission. Amputation, pruning, rubbing off lichens and mosses, were the chief processes used in the Refor mation. But, as it is an axiom in politics, never to force innovation, but to wait till the public mind is prepared to receive it, we are justified in thinking, from the strong opposition to the Catholic Bill, and the rooted inveteracy of Protestants to Popery, that such a seasonable period is not arrived. In all measures of dubious result, every thing possible should be left to time, which produces more changes in human events than any other cause whatever. Time may induce the Roman Catholicks themselves to undertake the revisions and reforms so desired by Mr. Wix; but so long as enmity exists between them and the Protestants, it is a rule that no confidence is to be placed in a reconciled enemy; and therefore we may fear that the object of such a proposed reconciliation would only be in reality to draw the Protestants into a snare. all events, we think that the affair should be left to circumstances ; and dismiss the subject with expressing our full conviction, that both the Bishop and Mr. Wix adorn their profession, and have excellent intentions, though of opposite opinions. At 1 1820.] Review of New Publications. and prudent character. The most valuable part is certainly that which regards conversation. As it is observed of foolish young men, that they very commonly act first, and think afterwards, so it is certainly right that people should reflect before they speak, and in all these cautionary processes for managing conversation this book excels. There are various ideas in this work, some of which we shall select. "We never use raillery with a friend whom we tenderly love." p. 65. "Silence is the wisest measure that we can adopt in our intercourse with the obstinate." p. 89. "Those who feel reluctant to bestow commendation are generally unworthy to receive it." p. 101. "The man addicted to boasting is usually found to be precipitate in his decisions." p. 137. The conclusion is a masterly piece of eloquence; we mean from p. 321, to the end. 29. Discourses on the Three Creeds, and on the Homage offered to our Saviour, on certain and particular occasions during his Ministry, as expressed in the Evangelical Writings, by the Greek term pooxvvεw. Preached before the University of Oxford at St. Mary's in the years 1816, 1817. With a copious and distinct Appendix to each set of Sermons. By Edward Nares, D. D. Select Preacher, Regius Professor of Modern History, &c. 8vo. pp. 343. Baldwin and Co. IT is evident, that the Unitarians take for the corner-stone of their fabric the presumed insult to the Unity of Deity, by the participation of Christ. We do not attempt to follow Dr. Nares through all his learned exhibitions of Fathers and Criticks. We shall only observe, that the stress is laid upon the three Creeds in particular, because every word of each may fairly be considered as an argument adversus hæreses: upon this thesis Dr. Nares, p. 49, seq. dilates in a very ingenious man uer. and As, however, Mr. Carlile, the sixth, seventh, or eighth worthy of the nine Worthies, not of Christendom (as our children's books call the other antient set) thought proper to ground his republication of Paine's Benthamism upon the same principle as GENT. MAG. February, 1820. 153 Christ, Dr. Nares observes, is designated in the Nicene creed, as being "of one substance with the Father, God of God, Light of Light, very God of very God. And what can this imply, but that the attributes of Deity are common attributes, which for what we know may possibly be communicated, but cannot be divided; for there cannot be two omnipotents under any possibility of opposition or nonconformity to each other. I know, there may be always philosophers, or at least free-thinkers, at hand to tell us, that our belief still involves a contradiction; that we may fancy we believe such a distinction of person, and such a unity of attributes, but that such a subsistence is metaphysically impossible. I have an answer to return to this, which cannot, I think, be subject to any suspicion. It is not the answer certainly of any prejudiced advocate of theological subtleties, or divine mysteries, but of a Philosopher, and a Free-thinker. I speak of Mr. Hume. In a short essay on the unity of the Deity, he pronounces it to be not inconsistent with the nature of the Deity, that there should be two or more beings of the very highest order, whose essence and actions may be so regulated by the nature of the beings themselves, as to be altogether concordant and harmonious. The nature of the Divine Being, he adds, is so far out of our loss to apply to it unity or multiplicity. I reach, that we must absolutely be at a am not pretending to cite this as any proof of the Trinity, but merely as the testimony of an eminent metaphysician, against the imprudence of those, who would reject a community of attributes among the three persons of the Godhead, as an absurdity or contradiction. The Orthodox contend for nothing more than such an unity of essence and attributes as shall secure to all the operations of the Deity, a perfect harmony and concordance." pp. 61, 62. Now if there be no absurdity in the doctrine of a Triune God, upon what rational ground is the Scripture which affirms it perverted or rejected? Dr. Nares has given us a valuable stock-book for Divines. 30. The 30. The Exhibition [of 1819] a Poem; by a Painter, 8vo. pp. 35. Chappell. AFTER a long series of desultory stanzas, this Poetical Painter thus comes to the point: "Some names I mention, and with humble praise: Sir WILLIAM BEECHEY Sometimes I like much; And the CHALONS; perhaps worthy better days Is FUSELI, with more than magic touch, His works are like his looks, his fancy strays 'Mid scenes where mortals may not move as such. FLAXMAN! thy name shall be remember'd here,[this sphere. Thy marble has a voice-it points beyond And shall the name of HOWARD be forgot? No, he embodies visions of the Muse; He fixes spirits to a local spot, Nor will the feeling heart is praise refuse. OWEN! thy hand twines fast the friendly knot, And on thy works with pleasure oft I Hail to thee, President! the honour'd WEST!" SIR GEORGE BEAUMONT's a favourite of mine, And yours too if you're a man of taste, Rich and harmonious his pictures shine; HILTON, this verse shall with thy name be grac❜d. UNA! how sweetly he did thee define, Like some fair jewel, amid brown rocks plac'd; DEWINT, I often like your pictures well, And VINCENT's too, for mine and many they excel. CHANTREY's a worthy name! those children slept A lovely sleep in marble. BONE's enamels Are precious things. And what should intercept My mentioning thee, RENTON, as the lay swells; Rich, classic, vigorous, thy works have 1820.] Review of New Publications. a Supplement to all other Italian Dictionaries. By M. Santagnello, Author of a Grammar, and Exercises. large 8vo. pp. 312. Whittaker. AS a proper mode of facilitating the study of the Italian language M. Santagnello's Dictionary (which has our good wishes for its success) is thus introduced, and the plan described: "The Work which I have now the honour of submitting to the judgment of the Publick, may be considered as the fruit of long and successful experience, in, removing innumerable difficulties that obstruct the progress of the student, and for which no remedies are to be found in the most elaborate Dictionaries or Gram mars. It has not been my intention to collect all the various idioms of the Italian language, but rather to cull, with brevity and selection, certain idiomatic terms and modes of speaking which practice and observation have induced me to consider as the most essential to be inculcated in teaching; to point out the diversified shades of meaning, by the confusion of which so many solecisms and barbarisms disfigure the composition of the learner; to fix the attention upon those niceties of distinction in the use of verbs, particles, and prepositions, which so frequently perplex, and darken what is in itself extremely simple and perspicuous, when illustrated by analogous examples; finally, to reduce into order and systematic arrangement all those precepts and directions, which have been suggested by loug and unwearied endeavours to facilitate the cultivation of the Italian language in a volume calculated to hold, as it were, a medium between a Dictionary and a Grammar." 32. London Medical Intelligencer; or, Monthly Analytical Compendium of the Medical, Surgical, and Physical Contents of the Transactions of Learned Societies, the Quarterly and Monthly Journals and Reviews; and also a List of New Publications; forming a concentrated Record of Medical Literature. 8vo. pp. 16. Burgess and Hill. THE title expresses the character of this little publication; of its utility there can be no doubt; in the execution of its condensed analytical contents we observe the respectable assistance of no common literary individuals in the Medical Profession. 155 of the Counties of Hereford, Monmouth, and Gloucester. 8vo. pp. 16. Gloucester: published by Desire. AN elaborate and instructive discourse. 34. The Duty of exerting our Faculties, as the Means of superior Knowledge and Power. A Sermon, preached on Trinity Monday, June 7, 1819, before the Right Hon. the Earl of Liverpool, and the Cor-· poration of the Trinity-House, in the Parish Church of St. Nicholas, Deptford, and published at their Request. By the Rev. John Hewlett, B. D. Morning Preacher at the Foundling Hospital; Chaplain in Ordinary to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent; and Rector of Hilgay, in the County of Norfolk. 8vo. pp, 24. Rivingtons. AN appropriate, plain, and energetic Discourse, from Genesis, i. 26. 35. A Letter to the Right Reverend Richard, Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells. By the Author of "An Essay on Light Reading, &c." 8vo. pp. 23. Gye, at Bath. A respectful address to the venerable Prelate, on the excellence of the Liturgy; and friendly advice to the Clergy, and to their Congregations. 36. A Friendly Address to the Manufacturers in those Districts which are now suffering from the Stagnation of Trade. 8vo. pp. 25. Rivingtons. title, and cannot be too widely distriTHIS cheap Tract well answers its buted by the affluent. 37. Edmund and Anna, a simple Ballad, with other Poems, By Edward Green, Corresponding Member of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester, and Author of "Observations on the Drama," &c. 12mo. pp. 68. Allman. MR. GREEN, after observing that "the excess of the sublime itself becomes the ridiculous; still more so, perhaps with the simple ;" "submits the Ballad and the other trifles to the good-natured criticism they stand so much in need of;" and adds, "that, among the very few humble productions he has obtruded on the world, this is the first and only one he has hitherto offered to it from motives of selfadvantage." by a handsome list of subscribers. We are glad to see that these mo33. The Antiquity of Free-masonry illus-dest pretensions have been rewarded trated: a Sermon preached before the Royal Berkeley Lodge, Gloucestershire, By the Rev. T. D. Fosbrooke, M. A. F.A. S. Past Provincial Grand Chaplain If the Poems are not of the firstrate excellence, they are at least harmonious. |