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wait for negotiations. They attacked the Indians, put them to flight, and found a plentiful supply of food.

Notwithstanding this act of hostility, the Indians came to a parley with the Spaniards. Peace was made; provisions, consisting of curassos-a bird resembling a peacock-partridges, fish, &c., were liberally supplied to the voyagers; and the next day came thirteen Indian chiefs to see the strangers. They were gayly adorned with feathers, and had plates of gold upon the breast.

Here the Spaniards built a better vessel, and abandoned their old one. They sailed down the river Napo, through a populous! country. The Indians gave them tortoises and parrots, and Orellana took formal possession of the country for the king of Spain. They now began to hear stories of a nation of Amazons, or female warriors, on the banks of the river below them. These peowere called, Cooniatoopi, or the mighty wo

men.

Proceeding on their voyage, they found the shore lined with hostile tribes, who attacked the Spaniards, beating their rude drums, sounding horns and trumpets, and shouting tremendous war-whoops. They had conjurers among them, daubed over with ointment, who spat ashes at the Spaniards, and scattered water toward them. Escaping from these assailants, they next passed thro' a peaceable country, with towns containing large streets opening upon the river.

A great river from the south now joined the stream on which they were sailing. Its waters, according to the Spaniards, were as black as ink; and for more than sixty miles after the junction of the two currents, the dark river kept its course unmingled with the other. An Indian, whom they took, informed them that this was the territory of the Amazons.

But as yet they saw nothing of the female warriors. At one town they found paved roads, lined with fruit trees, and pillories with human heads set upon spikes.

fore them, and many large towns, the people of which had been apprised of their coming, and were assembled, apparently with hostile intentions.,

The Spaniards offered them trinkets, which they refused, and let fly a volley of arrows at them. A battle ensued, and, according to the narration of the Spaniards, ten or twelve Amazons fought at the head of the Indians. They are described as tall and large-limbed women, of light complexion, with long hair, plaited and banded round the head. Seven or eight of them were killed, and then the Indians took to flight.

The adventurers were now upon the main stream of the Amazon. The river was so broad that the Spaniards could not see across it. Further downward they had some intercourse with the natives, and heard more about the community of female warriors, who were said to govern all this region.

The Indians told them that the dominions of the Amazons contained five temples of the sun, all covered with plates of gold.— Many walled cities, containing houses of stone and other marvels, were also described by the narrators. The Indians probably invented a part of these tales, and the remainder was supplied by the credulity and exaggeration of the Spanish adventurers. All that is certain concerning the Amazons seems to be, that women were sometimes seen fighting with bows and arrows,

Amid adventures like these, Orellana and his party sailed down this great river, till, on the 26th of August, 1542, they reached the ocean. The story which they told of the Amazons was universally credited, and caused the newly-discovered stream to be called, by the name which it now generally bears.

THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE.

view, there is an ancient superstition among According to a writer in the Whig Rethe Turks, that they are to lose ConstantiFurther on, as they turned a bend in the nople, and the common feeling is, that the river, they saw a wide extent of country be-hour of downfall, is near at hand. The flow

ing robes of the high officers and their pic-| Probably no race, from so small a beginturesque are no more to be seen; from the ning has wrought out a higher and nobler Sultan down-the military, the police, and destiny. Sprung from the hardy yeomanry the various officials wear a blue European of the north-nurtured not in the lap of uniform, and the ungainly tarboose, or round luxury; and trained not to indolence and red cap of the Fez. No longer do the trai-sloth, but early accustomed to self-denial and tors' heads grin from the seraglio gate; no activity-noted during a long period only. more faithless wives are slipped through the for their fearlessness and daring. They bewide trough into a sea-green grave. Neith- came the conquerors of the primitive Enger are the packs of wolfish hounds as nu-lish, and soon spread over Great Britain; and merous and formidable in the streets; nor thence their progress reaching onward the merchants as honest, hospitable, lazy and through the present, still points to the reapious as of yore. Snake-charmers are rare, lization of some great and wonderful plan to slave-markets nearly deserted, opium smo-be developed in future.

themselves upon England's coast, conquered and supplanted the possessors of the soil, but, shadowed forth, in embryo, those decisive traits of character which have distinguished them since that period.

kers all but unknown; richly-paying "Ho- The handful of hardy men, who, throwing wadjis” can enter every place unmolested, and detect nothing of the ancient bigotry of the all conquering Moslem. And yet, decaying as it is at heart, every effort to improve, failing through the corruption of the agents of Government, European after European throwing up his employment in disgust, or dismissed to give place to some court favorite or Armenian pretender—with an army of three hundred thousand men, forty ships of war, several steam vessels, the control of all the force of Egypt, and a revenue increased by the abolition of several monopolies, the Ottoman Empire may still outlive the predictions of strangers and the expectations of friends.

For the Miscellany. DESTINY OF THE ANGLO-SAXON RACE.

BY C. C. MILLER.

If the rise and fall of nations are sublime subjects for moral contemplation; the rise, progress, and elevation of races are certainly subjects upon which the mind can dwell with peculiar interest.

Such influences can never be confined within the limits of one party, nor such a people long be gathered in the embraces of one nation. A sea girt isle was too small a compass to expand the energies of a race, which contained within themselves the germ of great and mighty action.

Power and dominion have attended their footsteps until the sun ecases not to shine upon their broad lands. Their rule is ex tended from pole to pole.

Change, too, has marked their progress→→ the barbarous become civilized, the civilized, enlightened; the uncouth became refined; the cheerless hut, has given place to the cottage and the palace; and, the senseless jar. gon of pagan-worship and Druid priest, have yielded to the mild and simple faith of a crucified and risen Savior.

Time passed on, and a chosen band; chosen not of men, but of God: urged by relig ious intolerance prepare to seek a new and distant shore-a home in the midst of na To trace the onward progress of human ture's ruder forms, and wilder children, society, has been the province of historian Methinks I see them now, as goaded on by and poet; yet would I arrogate to myself persecution, they leave their native hearths, the claim of neither, as I attempt to sketch the graves of their fathers, the scenes of the course of my own race, and in the past draw my conclusions concerning the future.

childhood and the loved ones of their hearts, henceforth, to be seen no more, That

small vessel--the May-Flower-freighted with a precious burden as she stands on her course, far, far, toward the setting sun.

Passing by the dangers, toils, privations, and hardships of their course, behold them at last upon the rock-bound coast of New England! They plant a colony. It is the germ of a new nation, yet the extension of

the same race; the realization of the same

great plan; a link in the chain of AngloSaxon destiny. Possessing the peculiar traits of their ancestry; the same energetic and persevering spirit; perhaps, unconsciously to themselves, they develop the same results, though the instrumentality through which these were accomplished was differ

ent.

But they stopped not here. That progressive spirit when once aroused to action, cannot be checked. Every clime and nation and people have been visited; the dominion of empires is held by them and the isles of the sea own their sway.

Such in short has been their course; and

the question arises from it, "What is their destiny?"

to be

If this has been the beginning, what is to be the acme, to which they may not hope to arrive! If results in turn become causes, and what we behold has been the result of such small causes, what shall they not accomplish. Yet that destiny is conditional,

The power and perpetuity of nations belong to God, and who that has looked upon the rise and fall of empires can fail to see that when a nation or people have accomplished or refused to accomplish His will, the reasons for the existence of that nation or people ceases and they pass away.

Such, without doubt, is the case with the Anglo-Saxon race.

The gospel has been entrusted to them, and in view of their characteristics of mind and relations to the world, it becomes incumbent upon them to promulgate it.

The facilitics of intercourse with mankind, only imposes additional considerations upon hem for faithfulness.

If they rove recreant to their trust, who can tell but another people, small and unknown may arise to grind them in the dust, and extirpate them from the earth; but, if honor, right and truth be their standard, and the accomplishment of a great design, their ultimate end;who can trace the glory of their flight into the depths of ages.

Human language is too feeble to portray the greatness of a people that shall accomplish so noble a destiny.

Finite mind may gain some faint conception, but to Infinity is left the full view of so desirable an event.

THE FIRST SNOW ON THE CATSKILL MOUNTAINS.

As the fall begins almost in the summer, so the winter begins in the fall on the highest parts of the Catskills. Yesterday, late in the afternoon, I saw what seemed to be, at the distance of ten miles, a veil or curtain, airy and light, like lace, hanging from lofty drifts of grey mist half down the sides of

the mountains. It was curious to watch "the grace of the fashion of this" aerial drapery. Now it dropped straight down, as if the peaks behind it had retired for the night; then it floated off in long streaming folds upon the wind. This was snow-the first falling snow upon the Catskills, and literally our first looking out of autumn into winter. This morning all is clear and still. There is no more any one of those motions manifold-no more any opening and closing of curtains. They appear to have fallen during the night; and where they fell, there they lie, along the upper forests for miles, motionless and white, like cold, pure linen over the dead. We know now what is just before us-the bright, sparkling winter, the music of footsteps in the dry and brilliant snow, the misty breath, sleighing, and skating, and bells.

The contrast between the mountains this morning and the same a few days ago, recalls their departed splendors so vividly that

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On the first Monday of the present October I found myself ascending the mountains by the way described above under the following pleasant circumstances:- With my wife and a friend of ours, a lady of excellent mind and manners, I was going for a fortnight upon an old-fashioned family visit. We had a snug two-horse vehicle, which at any minute could be turned either into a close carriage or an open barouche. Passing over several things that contributed to our comfor: and pleasure, I will close the list of happy circumstances under which I went up the Catskills, by adding that we had one of the finest days of the year. But how to give you a true description of the autumnal splendors, now that I am fairly ready for it, I can hardly tell. Let me sketch it rapidly.

You may not know, as well as "the oldest inhabitants," when country merchants went down the North River to New York in sloops, that the great Susquehanna turnpike, leading through to Cayuga lake, left the Hudson at Catskill. To where it crosses the mountains over into Windham is twenty miles. A more romantic road I have seldom travelled in the United States. At Cairo, ten miles from the river, Black Head, or the Dome Mountain, as Cole used to call it, swells into the air, on your left, to the height of eight pyramids. Six miles further on begins the ascent, and one of the At our first five hundred feet above the mest beautiful mountain ascents to be found. general surface, the nearer landscape, with For two hours or more you ride up at a mo- its thickets, groves, and "little sportive derate walk, over a smooth, broad way of woods run wild" along the fences, walls, and red-lish earth, doubling first one and then brooks, kept the eye in a continual skip of another cape of the range jutting out boldly delight. Here and there the orange and the into the air, describing long circles inward, crimson caught the sight like sheets of fire. in order to head deep gulfs, and looking at The village of Deerham, yclept of yore every turn in and out, over a vaster land- Prink Street, where the maples abound, apscape, dappled with fields and woods, en-peared to be in flames. Truly charming as livened with dwellings and hamlets, and all this lower scene was, over which we smoothed down in the far distance into spent much enthusiasm and a multitude of something like the blue ocean. This pros-exclamations, expressive of our admiration peet is occasionally hidden where the road winds lovingly through some straggling, lower lock of the forests, yet thick and rich upon the mountain heads. This gives great freshness to the view when you emerge from the wood, and, while passing it, turns the eye into the wilderness above, remarkable now and then for its savage character. When I read, for the first time, in Goethe's grand poem, that fine description of Mephistopheles leading Faust into the mountains, I fixed upon one point in particular in this wild Catskill scenery. I am sure I never pass it to this day that I do not think of that "Hark, to the splintering of the evergreen palaces," and see what looks to me like "the path of the hurricane."

and pleasure, it faded into comparative insignificance at an elevation of a thousand feet, where we were rising into the presence of a magnificence before which we were disposed to be composed and silent. At all seasons the forests here are wonderfully grand and impressive. Piled into the northern sky up to the very sun, they look as if they were haunted by the awfulness of ocean depths, and seem to have caught character and majesty from the thunder clouds which so often repose upon them. But where are the magic words-words that shall be as paints and dyes to make the reader behold thesə fields of wild sublimity all kindled by the gorgeous October? Seas of foliage where the seven colors strive for the mastery!

which they lay out distinctly a regular parallelogram, offering room enough for the brother and sisterhood, some where from one to five acres. One side of the place is bounded by the sea, and is always left open for entrance and exit; the other three sides are inclosed with a wall of stones and roots.

What were sheaves of fancies like this? You dangerous to their eggs. Next, they delib see not the life and power of the scene, be-erate on the plan of their future camp, after cause you cannot feel the heart riot in the wondrous plenitude of splendor. Then look away to that islet of bristling spruce and hemlock in this Indian ocean of beauty! It is dark as night under the brilliant, white light of noon; and all around it are the rolling tops of the maple, beech, and birch, a very surf of yellows, scarlets, crimsons, oranges, and greens. And what is there around These industrious feathered workers first hat one black troop of evergreens is around of all remove from the place all obstacles to a thousand more-here on the slope before their design; they take up the stones with us-on the slope behind us-up the whole their bills and carry them to the boundaries broad slope abreast of us--all along the to compose the wall. Within this wall they blue heavens-youder through the gorge-build a perfectly smooth and even foot-path round among the summits-round and ou some six or eight feet widé, which is used endlessly-rich as imperial raiment-ex-by day as a public promenade, and by night quisite as shells-bright as plumage-tender, for the back and forward march of the sentifresh, and precious as costly pictures.

nels.

I have done with my description. haps you will look with your first delight upon Cole's autumnal pictures, particularly his finer ones, such as "The House in the Woods" and "The Hunter's Return," when I tell you I have been only rapidly sketch-crossing at right angles. In each crossing ing where he studied more or less for well of these foot-paths an albatross builds its nigh a quarter of a century. nest, and in the middle of each quadrangle, a penguin, so that every albatross is surrounded by four penguins, and every pen

Per- After they have in this way completed their embankments on the three landward sides, they lay out the remaining part of the interior into equal little quadrangles, separated from each other by narrow foot-paths,

N.

BROODING-PLACES ON THE FALK-guin has albatross on four sides as neighbors,

LAND ISLANDS.

In this way the whole place is regularly occupied, and only at some distance are places left free for other sea-fowl, such as the green cormorant and the so-called Nelly.

By the name of "brooding-places," the navigators of the south seas understand places selected by various sea-fowls, where Though the penguin and albatross live so they in common build their nests, lay their near and in such intimacy they not only eggs, and bring up their young. Here they build their nests in very different fashions, assemble in immense masses, and in the lay- but the penguin plunders the nest of its ing out and construction of these places, ex-friend whenever it has an opportunity. The hibit great caution, judgment, and industry. When a sufficient number have assembled on the shore, they appear first to hold a consultation, and then to set about executing the great purpose for which they have come together. First, they choose out a level spot of sufficient extent, often of four or five acres, near the beach. In this they avoid ground that is too stony, which would be

nest of the penguin is a simple hollow in the ground, just deep enough to keep its eggs from rolling out, while the albatross raises a little hill of earth, grass, and muscles, eight or ten inches high, with the diameter of a water pail, and builds its nest on the top, whence it looks down on its next neighbors and friends.

None of the nests in the entire brooding.

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