2

flown. Her husband's love had grown cold --she was morose; kind words had turned to scoffs; the embrace of love, accompanied by affection's kiss, to blows and curses; the house of plenty to want and penury. Her former friends knew her not; William's home was that of the drunkard, and she was his wife. Often did she upbraid him with his conduct, and equally as often did he tell her that she and her fashionable friends were the cause of his ruin. It was a favorite saying with him-"Miss Sally, it is fashionable to get drunk now!"

I leave the rest to the imagination of the reader. Their lot was not to be envied; still she loved him as only a woman can love.

days, and weeps, and, in her desperation of
feeling, resolves to try, by all possible means,
to rescue and save him whom she had caused
to take the first step in the road to ruin-
With these feelings, she returned to her
abode, intending to see Judge Hartford, and
She was received by the
solicit his aid.
Judge with his usual urbanity-instantly
laid her cause before him with all the sup-
plicating earnestness of a wife, and, to her
great joy, found him ready and willing
to assist her.

On that evening, the villagers were all agog. Judge Hartford and "Wild Bill Henderson" had been seen by Jack Williams, the groggery keeper, going arm-in-arm to the town hall. Something was on the tapis, for, in a few minutes afterward, several curious faces were seen peeping round the hall with

But hark! while the drunkard's wife is drowning in the sea of sorrow and despair, a great and mighty shout is heard, as of many voices, or the rushing of the waters! That Jack Williams, a conspicuous personage shout is the voice of freemen - it is among them. They assiduously tried to find the march of the Sons of Temperance; the out "what was going on inside," till they earth is quaking beneath their mighty tread. suddenly heard some dozen voices exclaim— Their watchword is onward! onward! ech- Welcome, brother!" At this, Jack Wiloed like a war-cry. Their banners are thrown liams turned off, saying-" Come, boys, let's to the breeze, bearing aloft their beautiful,go take a horn; Lill's done for !" Bill was notto-“Peace and good will to man shall done for," sure enough; and, in about reign triumphant over both sea and land." three months, Jack Williams and his grogShe hears their shouts, looks up, and her gery were "done for." drooping spirit hails with joy the star of Hope in the disc of the moral horizon, and bids her have faith in the promise, and

fulfilment shall be verified.

Three years have elapsed since the occurtherence of the events just narrated. The home

Toward the close of summer, a neighbor tells her, on a bright Sabbath morning, that a Divis on has been formed in the village, and that Judge Hartford, who lives in the stately mansion hard by her hovel of misery, is at its head; that he, with others, will lecture that evening in the Methodist church.

Her

She persuades her husband to accompany her, and there hears the evils of intemperance portrayed-an expose of the conventional rules of fashionable society. heart beats an affirmative, yet condemning. response to the remarks of the Judge, and,as he vividly lays bare the dangers of the first

of the drunkard has been converted from misery to peace and happiness. The children are clothed and at school; the wife prizes her sober husband, and boasts of her happy home. The husband has been redeemed through the instrumentality of the wife, and now points with pride to his new cottage. He is now a beautiful and stable. pillar in our Temple of Honor.

The parson still continues to take bis fashionable glass of wine, and doubtlesə makes as many converts for hell as heaven.

TRUTH shines brighter, the longer we

glass proffered by the hand of beauty, she view it in contrast with its natural foilremembers the folly of her more youthful fiction.

For the Miscellany.

diction of their own Diocesans, and annex

THE RISE OF THE PAPAL POWER.ing them to the Roman See.

BY HARRY M. SCOVEL.

The title of Pope is derived from an oriental word, papa, signifying father, and, in the earlier periods of Christianity, was conferred indiscriminately on all Bishops. For a long succession of centuries, however, it has been restricted, in the Western Church, to the Bishop of Rome; although the title of papa is still applied to the priests of the Greek Communion.

Each succeeding Pope devoted all his ability and energy to the sole end of papal supremacy; and whether Italy was under the dominion of the Greek, the Goth, or the Lombard, the influence of the Holy See was steadily on the increase.

But what contributed the most to the temporal power of the Papacy, was the donation (in the eighth century) of Pepin le Bref, who governed France, under the name of Mayor, during the reign of the imbecile Childeric, the last of the Merovingian race of the Kings of France. Pepin, although possessing all the powers of King, was desirous of obtaining the title; and, in order to give a semblance of justice to his contempla

It has generally been conceded that the primitive Christian Societies were accustomed to regard the Church of Rome with a certain degree of respect and deference-it appearing to hold the same prominence ted usurpation, he submitted the question to among the Metropolitan Churches, although really not superior in rank, that Peter, its putative founder, held among the Apostles. Still, this habitual deference did not serve to prevent the other Bishops from interfering to rebuke and check the Roman Metropolitan, in cases where they considered him as promulging and maintaining dogmas contrary to what they deemed the true Chris

tian doctrine.

It was not, however, until Christianity had been recognized by the Civil Government, in the fourth century, that the Roman Prelate was exalted, by law, to the highest sacerdotal dignity of the Empire. Although the Pontiffs had hitherto been in no wise backward in pushing their pretensions, it was at this time that we may date the commencement of that stupendous system of aggrandisement, without a parallel in the world's history, which was carried out with so much ability and determination by succeeding occupants of the Papal Chair, and which raised the Papacy, at one time, to the summit of political power, and made it the supreme arbiter of the destinies of Christendom. Gregory I., at the end of the sixth century, widened and deepened the foundations of this system of aggrandisement, by releasing the Monastic Orders from the immediate juris

credit

Pope Zachary, whether he or Childeric was most worthy of the French throne. Zachary, with a shrewdness that reflected great upon his sagacity, saw what a favorable precedent this would afford the Papal power for future interference in the temporal affairs of nations, and, therefore, decided in favor of Pepin, who accordingly confined the miserable Childeric in a monastery for life, and assumed the coveted title. To recom

pense the Pope for his services, Pepin turned his arms against the Lombards, deprived them of the Exarchate of Ravenna, and other Italian provinces, and made a donation of them to the Roman Sce. These were the first of its temporal possessions.

Charlemagne, who succeeded Pepin upon the French throne, confirmed the Popes in the possession of the lands donated by his father, and, as a further testimonial of gratitude to the benefactor of his family, he added to them the territory of Rome. "These possessions have continued, up to the present time, with little extension or diminution, to form the temporal patrimony of St. Peter."

The Popes, having thus secured a temporal authority, were now gradually extending a spiritual jurisdiction over all the Kingdoms of Christendom. Nicholas I., who ascended

the Papal throne in the year 858, "proclaimed to the whole world his paramount judgment in appeal from the sentences of all spiritual judicatories; his power of assembling Councils of the Church, and of regulating it by the canons of those Councils; the right of exercising his authority by Legates in all the Kingdoms of Europe, and the control of the Pope over all Princes and Gov-thority, and his immediate successors re

The dissensions among the successors of Charlemagne, in the ninth century, were taken advantage of by the Popes, who eagerly embraced such a favorable opportunity for political encroachment. In 879, Charles the Bald was proclaimed Emperor by Pope John VIII., on the express condition of submissive obedience to the supreme spiritual au

ernors."

ceived their nomination also from the same

The spiritual and temporal affairs of source. Christendom were at this time in rather a

penance and

singular state. Sacerdotal and secular dig-
nitaries had interchanged their respective
functions. While the Popes were extending
their influence, and claiming control over
all the Christian Kingdoms, monarchs and
nobles were neglecting their temporal duties,
and spending their time in
prayer. Ecclesiastics were at the head of
all departments of civil government, and
used the power they thus possessed, to the
promotion of the interests of the Holy See,
and the establishment of its supremacy.
The entire subordination of the temporal to
the spiritual authority, was the aim of the
Papal power, and every means that talent
and ingenuity could devise, was employed
by it to that end.

It was in the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries, that the Popes attained the summit of political power. Pope Gregory VII., who filled the seat from 1073 to 1086, was one of the most talented men that ever

ascended the Papal throne. Faithful to the principles that had actuated his predecessors, he entertained the grand project of reducing all Christian Kingdoms to a feudal subjection to the Roman See, and assumed the right of appointment to all the crowns of Europe. It was during his pontificate, that the celebrated struggles for supremacy commenced between the Popes and the Emperors, which continued for a long term of years, under many occupants of the Papal and Imperial thrones. Each side experienced successes and reverses; but the contests genIt was at this time that the division be- erally ended in the complete humiliation of About the middle of the tween the Roman and Greek Churches took the Emperors. place. The Roman Bishop had hitherto twelfth century, Frederick Barbarossa, after claimed the right of nominating the Patri- denying the supremacy of Alexander III., arch of Constantinople. This, however, was was at length compelled to kiss the feet of denied by the Emperor Michael III., who the haughty Pontiff, and make a large cesdeposed the Patriarch appointed by the sion of territory to the Church. At the end Pope, and placed another in his stead. This of the same century, Henry VI., while doing led to great contention between the heads homage on his knees before Pope Celestinus of the two Churches. The metropolitans, III., experienced the indignity of having his suffragans, and inferior clergy of the East Imperial crown kicked off by the arrogant and West, flocked to the standards of their Prelate. "The succeeding Popes rose on respective leaders, and the strife was carried the pretensions of their predecessors, till at on with great bitterness by both parties.-length Pope Innocent III., in the beginning The Pope imprecated the direst curses of the of the thirteenth century, established the Church upon the contumacious Patriarch; power of the Popedom on a settled basis,and and the Patriarch, determined not to be out- obtained a positive acknowledgment of the done, met anathema with anathema. Final- Papal supremacy, or the right to confer the ly, neither party being willing to yield in its Imperial crown." pretensions, the schism became permanent.

It was these contentions between the

Popes and the Emperors, that gave rise to the parties of the Guelphs and Ghibellines, which divided all Italy at this time; the former favoring the supremacy of the Popethe latter, that of the Emperor.

where violence was employed by the Papacy against those who dissented from its doctrines.

In the beginning of the fourteenth century, Clement V., on account of the different factions which agitated Italy, transferred the seat of the Popedom from Rome to Avignon, where it remained for about seventy years.

During the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the contests between the Popes and Emperors, which originated in the eleventh century, were continued almost incessantly, and with the greatest acerbity of feeling between the respective parties. The Popes fulminated anathemas upon the heads of the Emperors, laid their realms under interdict, and not unfrequently caused their deposition, or reduced them to the necessity of humiliating themselves in such manner as the Holy Fathers might direct; and the Emperors, in turn, often dispossessed the Papal incumbents of their seats.

It was during the reign of Pope Innocent III., who ascended the Papal throne in 1198, that the power of the Papacy attained its greatest height. Although, for a long period thereafter, it exercised a high degree of authority, yet the substantial greatness of the Roman See must be placed between the reigns of Gregory VII. and Innocent III. During the poutificate of the latter, the tide of human opinion was on the turn. Numerous reforming sects arose, princes became anxious to cast off the clerical yoke, and the corruption of the clergy was beginning to excite general murmurs. The assumption of power, however, was kept up by Innocent's successors; and, indeed, scarcely any diminution of the authority of the Holy See was perceptible before the era of the ReformaIn the beginning of the fifteenth century, tion; although the influences which led to the different factions of the College of Carthe Reformation, had been slowly, yet sure-dinals elected three separate Popes. ly at work, since the time of Innocent III. Emperor Sigismund took advantage of this

the disputes of the different Papal factions, by deposing all three of the Popes, and placing one of his own creation in their stead.— It was by this Council that John Huss and Jerome of Prague were tried for heresy, and condemned to the stake, which sentence was carried into execution.

The first sect of importance that opposed | division in the Pontifical party, and, convethemselves to the Papal power, were the Al-ning a General Council at Constance, settled bigenses, who arose in the south of France, in the latter half of the twelfth century.They denounced the corruptions in discipline of the Romish Church, and advocated tenets contrary to what were considered orthodox by the Holy See. Decrees were published against them by the Popes, but no violence was used at first, and they conThe era of Pope Leo X., at the commencetinued to increase and flourish. At length, ment of the sixteenth century, was one of Innocent III. resolved upon their extirpa- the most splendid upon record in modern tion. He instituted the order of Dominican history. At that period, Henry VIII. swayed monks, for the express purpose of preaching the sceptre of England; Francis I., of down their heterodoxical principles, and ex-France; and Charles V., of Germany and horted Philip Augustus, of France, to eradi-Spain-all three of the monarchs, as well as cate the heresy by the sword. Expeditions Leo himself, being men of a high order of were sent against them, which were designated by the Romish Church as crusades, and the contest, which was carried on for many years, resulted in the utter destruction of the Albigenses, about the middle of the thirteenth century. This was the first instance | likewise carried to a high degree of splen

abilities. This was the age of Michael Angelo, Raphael, Titian, and Correggio. Painting, sculpture, and architecture, reached a degree of perfection, which they have never since been able to attain. Literature was

A CLOUD ON CHAMOUNI! THE FEARFUL REVENGE OF A SWISS GIRL

A Swiss paper states that the beautiful valley of Chamouni has just been the scene of a terrible tragedy, the circumstances of which are as follows:

dor, and many of the most celebrated modern writers reflected the effulgence of their It was genius upon this brilliant period. about this time, also, that the immortal Genoese made his discovery of a transatlantic world. But the most important event which transpired during this period, and one which bears the most intimate relation to the subject under consideration, was the ReforA beautiful young girl, named Adelaide mation. It burst like a tornado upon the Zwert, was engaged to be married to a young Catholic world, and swept with irresistible Chamoise hunter, named Carl Bigner, to violence over a large portion of Europe, up- whom she had long been tenderly attached. rooting and destroying, in its impetuous adThe marriage day was fixed, but Carl found vance, those substructures of Papal dominameans to postpone it, and the year passed tion, which had cost the labor of century upon century, and which had been laid with away-his promise being still unfulfilled.— His evident unwillingness at length awaso much care and ability, as to be deemed kened suspicion in the mind of Adelaide.utterly indestructible. The Papal power She became jealous and distrustful, and narused every means at its command, to put rowly watched all the movements of her down the spirit of inquiry which had gone lover, until proof was no longer wanting forth among the nations of Christendom.that her place in his heart was filled by anPersecution, that terrible engine of oppression, was put in operation, with all the zeal-other, and that Carl only wanted a plausious energy that the most ferocious fanati-ble pretext to break with her altogether. cism and slavish superstition could inspire.Torture and death in this world, and utter Having seen some gun-cotton in the hands damnation in the life to come, were deof a young druggist, by whom she was pasnounced against all who maintained the reforming doctrines. But all in vain. The sionately though vainly loved, and whose fiat had gone forth; the power of the Papa- constancy and devotion merited a better recy, which, for ages, had exercised the high-compense, she succeeded in obtaining some est authority in temporal as well as spiritual from him-without of course giving him the affairs, was broken; and the Holy See seemed

to totter to its fall.

Since the Reformation, its course has been retrogressive. It has long lost all temporal power, and even its spiritual supremacy over nations yet clinging to its faith, has, by the wisdom of their sovereigns, been circumscribed to very narrow bounds. It would occupy the limits of another article, however, to follow its declining footsteps; and, therefore, having accomplished my intended object-a description of the rise of the Papal power—I will now bring my remarks to a close.

Ir is through inward health that we enjoy all outward things.

The young girl vowed revenge-and fearfully has she kept her vow.

slightest hint of the use she intended it for. It was in appearance exactly like ordinary wadding. Carl was a great smoker, and she had often remarked that sparks from his pipe had burned holes in a large woolen scarf which he was accustomed to wear round his neck during his hunting expeditions on the mountains.

Adelaide knit a double scarf, into which she introduce a quantity of gun-cotton, and this 'infernal machine' of her construction she presented, with many demonstrations of tenderness, to her faithless lover, having obtained in exchange, by way of a souvenir, the old scarf he had been accustomed to

wear.

Chance favored Carl for some time; but one evening he did not return from the