flown. Her husband's love had grown cold --she was morose; kind words had turned to scoffs; the embrace of love, accompanied by affection's kiss, to blows and curses; the house of plenty to want and penury. Her former friends knew her not; William's home was that of the drunkard, and she was his wife. Often did she upbraid him with his conduct, and equally as often did he tell her that she and her fashionable friends were the cause of his ruin. It was a favorite saying with him-"Miss Sally, it is fashionable to get drunk now!"

I leave the rest to the imagination of the reader. Their lot was not to be envied; still she loved him as only a woman can love.

a

days, and weeps, and, in her desperation of feeling, resolves to try, by all possible means, to rescue and save him whom she had caused to take the first step in the road to ruinWith these feelings, she returned to her abode, intending to see Judge Hartford, and solicit his aid. She was received by the Judge with his usual urbanity-instantly laid her cause before him with all the supplicating earnestness of a wife, and, to her great joy, found him ready and willing to assist her.

On that evening, the villagers were all agog. Judge Hartford and "Wild Bill Henderson" had been seen by Jack Williams, the groggery keeper, going arm-in-arm to the But hark! while the drunkard's wife is town hall. Something was on the tapis, for, drowning in the sea of sorrow and despair, in a few minutes afterward, several curious great and mighty shout is heard, as of many faces were seen peeping round the hall with voices, or the rushing of the waters! That Jack Williams, a conspicuous personage shout is the voice of freemen - it is the march of the Sons of Temperance; the earth is quaking beneath their mighty tread. Their watchword is onward! onward! echoed like a war-cry. Their banners are thrown to the breeze, bearing aloft their beautiful; notto-"Peace and good will to man shall reign triumphant over both sea and land." She hears their shouts, looks up, and her! drooping spirit hails with joy the star of Hope in the dise of the moral horizon, and bids her have faith in the promise, and the

fulfilment shall be verified.

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among them. They assiduously tried to find out "what was going on inside," till they suddenly heard some dozen voices exclaim— Welcome, brother!" At this, Jack Williams turned off, saying-“Come, boys, let's go take a horn; Lill's done for !" Bill was done for," sure enough; and, in about three months, Jack Williams and his groggery were "done for."

Three years have elapsed since the occurrence of the events just narrated. The home

of the drunkard has been converted from

misery to peace and happiness. The chil

dren are clothed and at school; the wife

Toward the close of summer, a neighbor tells her, on a bright Sabbath morning, that a Divis on has been formed in the village, prizes her sober husband, and boasts of her happy home. The husband has been reand that Judge Hartford, who lives in the deemed through the instrumentality of the stately mansion hard by her hovel of mis-wife, and now points with pride to his new ery, is at its head; that he, with others, will lecture that evening in the Methodist church.

cottage. He is now a beautiful and stable pillar in our Temple of Honor.

She persuades her husband to accompany The parson still continues to take bis her, and there hears the evils of intemper-fashionable glass of wine, and doubtlesə ance portrayed-an expose of the convenmakes as many converts for hell as heaven. tional rules of fashionable society. Her heart beats an affirmative, yet condemning response to the remarks of the Judge, and,as he vividly lays bare the dangers of the first glass proffered by the hand of beauty, she view it in contrast with its natural foil— remembers the folly of her more youthful fiction.

TRUTH shines brighter, the longer we

THE RISE OF THE PAPAL POWER.

For the Miscellany.

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diction of their own Diocesans, and annex

THE RISE OF THE PAPAL POWER. ing them to the Roman See.

BY HARRY M. SCOVEL.

The title of Pope is derived from an oriental word, papa, signifying father, and, in the earlier periods of Christianity, was conferred indiscriminately on all Bishops. For a long succession of centuries, however, it has been restricted, in the Western Church, to the Bishop of Rome; although the title of papa is still applied to the priests of the Greek Communion.

Each succeeding Pope devoted all his ability and energy to the sole end of papal supremacy; and whether Italy was under the dominion of the Greek, the Goth, or the Lombard, the influence of the Holy See was steadily on the increase.

But what contributed the most to the temporal power of the Papacy, was the donation (in the eighth century) of Pepin le Bref, who governed France, under the name of Mayor, during the reign of the imbecile Childeric, the last of the Merovingian race Pepin, although

It has generally been conceded that the of the Kings of France. primitive Christian Societies were accus-possessing all the powers of King, was desitomed to regard the Church of Rome with a rous of obtaining the title; and, in order to certain degree of respect and deference-it give a semblance of justice to his contemplaappearing to hold the same prominence ted usurpation, he submitted the question to among the Metropolitan Churches, although really not superior in rank, that Peter, its putative founder, held among the Apostles. Still, this habitual deference did not serve to prevent the other Bishops from interfering to rebuke and check the Roman Metropolitan, in cases where they considered him as promulging and maintaining dogmas contrary to what they deemed the true Christian doctrine.

Pope Zachary, whether he or Childeric was most worthy of the French throne. Zachary, with a shrewdness that reflected great credit upon his sagacity, saw what a favorable precedent this would afford the Papal power for future interference in the temporal affairs of nations, and, therefore, decided in favor of Pepin, who accordingly confined the miserable Childeric in a monastery for life, and assumed the coveted title. To recompense the Pope for his services, Pepin turned his arms against the Lombards, deprived them of the Exarchate of Ravenna, and other Italian provinces, and made a donation of them to the Roman See. These were the first of its temporal possessions.

It was not, however, until Christianity had been recognized by the Civil Government, in the fourth century, that the Roman Prelate was exalted, by law, to the highest sacerdotal dignity of the Empire. Although the Pontiffs had hitherto been in no wise backward in pushing their pretensions, it was at this time that we may date the commencement of that stupendous system of aggrandisement, without a parallel in the world's history, which was carried out with so much ability and determination by succeeding occupants of the Papal Chair, and which raised the Papacy, at one time, to the summit of political power, and made it the supreme arbiter of the destinies of Christendom. Gregory I., at the end of the sixth century, wiThe Popes, having thus secured a tempodened and deepened the foundations of this ral authority, were now gradually extending system of aggrandisement, by releasing the a spiritual jurisdiction over all the Kingdoms Monastic Orders from the immediate juris- of Christendom. Nicholas I., who ascended

Charlemagne, who succeeded Pepin upon the French throne, confirmed the Popes in the possession of the lands donated by his father, and, as a further testimonial of gratitude to the benefactor of his family, he added to them the territory of Rome. These possessions have continued, up to the present time, with little extension or diminution, to form the temporal patrimony of St.

Peter."

the Papal throne in the year 858, "pro- The dissensions among the successors of claimed to the whole world his paramount Charlemagne, in the ninth century, were tajudgment in appeal from the sentences of all ken advantage of by the Popes, who eagerly spiritual judicatories; his power of assem-embraced such a favorable opportunity for bling Councils of the Church, and of regula-political encroachment. In 879, Charles the ting it by the canons of those Councils; the Bald was proclaimed Emperor by Pope John right of exercising his authority by Legates VIII., on the express condition of submisin all the Kingdoms of Europe, and the con- sive obedience to the supreme spiritual autrol of the Pope over all Princes and Gov-thority, and his immediate successors reIceived their nomination also from the same

ernors."

The spiritual and temporal affairs of source. Christendom were at this time in rather a

singular state. Sacerdotal and secular dignitaries had interchanged their respective functions. While the Popes were extending their influence, and claiming control over all the Christian Kingdoms, monarchs and nobles were neglecting their temporal duties, and spending their time in penance and prayer. Ecclesiastics were at the head of all departments of civil government, and used the power they thus possessed, to the promotion of the interests of the Holy See, and the establishment of its supremacy. The entire subordination of the temporal to the spiritual authority, was the aim of the Papal power, and every means that talent and ingenuity could devise, was employed by it to that end.

It was in the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries, that the Popes attained the summit of political power. Pope Gregory VII., who filled the seat from 1073 to 1086, was one of the most talented men that ever

ascended the Papal throne. Faithful to the principles that had actuated his predecessors, he entertained the grand project of reducing all Christian Kingdoms to a feudal subjection to the Roman See, and assumed the right of appointment to all the crowns of Europe. It was during his pontificate, that the celebrated struggles for supremacy commenced between the Popes and the Emperors, which continued for a long term of years, under many occupants of the Papal and Imperial thrones. Each side experienced

successes and reverses; but the contests generally ended in the complete humiliation of the Emperors. About the middle of the twelfth century, Frederick Barbarossa, after denying the supremacy of Alexander III, was at length compelled to kiss the feet of the haughty Pontiff, and make a large cession of territory to the Church. At the end of the same century, Henry VI., while doing homage on his knees before Pope Celestinus III., experienced the indignity of having his Imperial crown kicked off by the arrogant Prelate. "The succeeding Popes rose on the pretensions of their predecessors, till at

It was at this time that the division between the Roman and Greek Churches took place. The Roman Bishop had hitherto claimed the right of nominating the Patriarch of Constantinople. This, however, was denied by the Emperor Michael III., who deposed the Patriarch appointed by the Pope, and placed another in his stead. This led to great contention between the heads of the two Churches. The metropolitans, suffragans, and inferior clergy of the East and West, flocked to the standards of their respective leaders, and the strife was carried on with great bitterness by both parties.-length Pope Innocent III., in the beginning The Pope imprecated the direst curses of the Church upon the contumacious Patriarch; and the Patriarch, determined not to be outdone, met anathema with anathema. Finally, neither party being willing to yield in its pretensions, the schism became permanent.

of the thirteenth century, established the power of the Popedom on a settled basis,and obtained a positive acknowledgment of the Papal supremacy, or the right to confer the Imperial crown."

It was these contentions between the

THE RISE OF THE PAPAL POWER.

Popes and the Emperors, that gave rise to the parties of the Guelphs and Ghibellines, which divided all Italy at this time; the former favoring the supremacy of the Popethe latter, that of the Emperor.

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where violence was employed by the Papacy against those who dissented from its doctrines.

In the beginning of the fourteenth century, Clement V., on account of the different factions which agitated Italy, transferred the seat of the Popedom from Rome to Avignon, where it remained for about seventy years.

It was during the reign of Pope Innocent III., who ascended the Papal throne in 1198, that the power of the Papacy attained its greatest height, Although, for a long period thereafter, it exercised a high degree of authority, yet the substantial greatness of the Roman See must be placed between the reigns of Gregory VII. and Innocent III.During the poutificate of the latter, the tide of human opinion was on the turn. Numerous reforming sects arose, princes became anxious to cast off the clerical yoke, and the corruption of the clergy was beginning to excite general murmurs. The assumption of power, however, was kept up by Innocent's successors; and, indeed, scarcely any diminution of the authority of the Holy See was perceptible before the era of the Reformation; although the influences which led to the Reformation, had been slowly, yet sure-dinals elected three separate Popes. ly at work, since the time of Innocent III.

During the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the contests between the Popes and Emperors, which originated in the eleventh century, were continued almost incessantly, and with the greatest acerbity of feeling between the respective parties. The Popes fulminated anathemas upon the heads of the Emperors, laid their realms under interdict, and not unfrequently caused their deposition, or reduced them to the necessity of humiliating themselves in such manner as the Holy Fathers might direct; and the Emperors, in turn, often dispossessed the Papal incumbents of their seats.

In the beginning of the fifteenth century, the different factions of the College of Car

Emperor Sigismund took advantage of this

The first sect of importance that opposed division in the Pontifical party, and, convethemselves to the Papal power, were the Al-ning a General Council at Constance, settled bigenses, who arose in the south of France, the disputes of the different Papal factions,

by deposing all three of the Popes, and placing one of his own creation in their stead.It was by this Council that John Huss and Jerome of Prague were tried for heresy, and condemned to the stake, which sentence was carried into execution.

The era of Pope Leo X., at the commencement of the sixteenth century, was one of the most splendid upon record in modern history. At that period, Henry VIII. swayed the sceptre of England; Francis I., of France; and Charles V., of Germany and

in the latter half of the twelfth century. They denounced the corruptions in discipline of the Romish Church, and advocated tenets contrary to what were considered orthodox by the Holy Sce. Decrees were published against them by the Popes, but no violence was used at first, and they continued to increase and flourish. At length, Innocent III. resolved upon their extirpation. He instituted the order of Dominican monks, for the express purpose of preaching down their heterodoxical principles, and exhorted Philip Augustus, of France, to eradi-Spain-all three of the monarchs, as well as cate the heresy by the sword. Expeditions were sent against them, which were designated by the Romish Church as crusades, and the contest, which was carried on for many years, resulted in the utter destruction of the Albigenses, about the middle of the thirteenth century. This was the first instance

Leo himself, being men of a high order of abilities. This was the age of Michael Angelo, Raphael, Titian, and Correggio. Painting, sculpture, and architecture, reached a degree of perfection, which they have never since been able to attain. Literature was likewise carried to a high degree of splen

dor, and many of the most celebrated modern writers reflected the effulgence of their genius upon this brilliant period. It was about this time, also, that the immortal Genoese made his discovery of a transatlantic world. But the most important event which transpired during this period, and one which bears the most intimate relation to the

A CLOUD ON CHAMOUNI! THE FEARFUL REVENGE OF A SWISS GIRL

A Swiss paper states that the beautiful valley of Chamouni has just been the scene of a terrible tragedy, the circumstances of

which are as follows:

A beautiful young girl, named Adelaide Zwert, was engaged to be married to a young Chamoise hunter, named Carl Bigner, to whom she had long been tenderly attached. The marriage day was fixed, but Carl found means to postpone it, and the year passed away-his promise being still unfulfilled.— His evident unwillingness at length awa

kened suspicion in the mind of Adelaide.— rowly watched all the movements of her She became jealous and distrustful, and narlover, until proof was no longer wanting that her place in his heart was filled by another, and that Carl only wanted a plausible pretext to break with her altogether.

subject under consideration, was the Reformation. It burst like a tornado upon the Catholic world, and swept with irresistible violence over a large portion of Europe, uprooting and destroying, in its impetuous advance, those substructures of Papal domination, which had cost the labor of century upon century, and which had been laid with so much care and ability, as to be deemed utterly indestructible. The Papal power used every means at its command, to put down the spirit of inquiry which had gone forth among the nations of Christendom.Persecution, that terrible engine of oppression, was put in operation, with all the zealous energy that the most ferocious fanaticism and slavish superstition could inspire.Torture and death in this world, and utter damnation in the life to come, were denounced against all who maintained the reforming doctrines. But all in vain. The fiat had gone forth; the power of the Papa- constancy and devotion merited a better recy, which, for ages, had exercised the high-compense, she succeeded in obtaining some est authority in temporal as well as spiritual from him-without of course giving him the affairs, was broken; and the Holy See seemed slightest hint of the use she intended it for. It was in appearance exactly like ordinary wadding. Carl was a great smoker, and she had often remarked that sparks from his pipe had burned holes in a large woolen scarf which he was accustomed to wear round his neck during his hunting expeditions on the mountains.

to totter to its fall.

Since the Reformation, its course has been retrogressive. It has long lost all temporal power, and even its spiritual supremacy over nations yet clinging to its faith, has, by the wisdom of their sovereigns, been circumscribed to very narrow bounds. It would occupy the limits of another article, however, to follow its declining footsteps; and, therefore, having accomplished my intended object-a description of the rise of the Papal power-I will now bring my remarks to a close.

Ir is through inward health that we enjoy all outward things.

The young girl vowed revenge-and fearfully has she kept her vow.

Having seen some gun-cotton in the hands of a young druggist, by whom she was passionately though vainly loved, and whose

Adelaide knit a double scarf, into which she introduce a quantity of gun-cotton, and this 'infernal machine' of her construction she presented, with many demonstrations of tenderness, to her faithless lover, having obtained in exchange, by way of a souvenir, the old scarf he had been accustomed to

wear.

Chance favored Carl for some time; but one evening he did not return from the