Title II-American Schools and Hospitals Abroad; Prototype Desalting Plant 117 Sec. 214.118 American Schools and Hospitals Abroad. (a) The President is authorized to furnish 119 assistance, on such terms and conditions as he may specify, to schools and libraries outside the United States founded or sponsored by United States citizens and serving as study and demonstration centers for ideas and practices of the United States.

(b) The President is authorized, 120 notwithstanding the provisions of the Mutual Defense Assistance Control Act of 1951 (22 U.S.C. 1611 et seq.) 121 to furnish 122 assistance, on such terms and conditions as he may specify, to institutions referred to in subsection (a) of this section, and to hospital centers for medical education and research outside the United States, founded or sponsored by United States citizens. 123

(c) 124 (1) To carry out the purposes of this section, there are authorized to be appropriated to the President $35,000,000 for fiscal year 1986 and $35,000,000 for fiscal year 1987.

(2) Amounts appropriated under paragraph (1) are authorized to remain available until expended. 125

(d) 126 Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (b), funds appropriated under this section may be used for assistance to centers for pediatric plastic and reconstructive surgery established by Children's Medical Relief International, except that assistance may not be furnished for the domestic operations of any such center located in the United States, its territories or possessions. Sec. 215.115 Loans to Small Farmers.[Repealed-1978] Sec. 216.115 Voluntary Agencies.-*** [Repealed-1978] Sec. 217.115 Used Equipment.- [Repealed-1978]

* * *

Sec. 218.115 Fish and Other Protein Concentrates.-*** [Repealed-1978]

117 This new title heading was added by sec. 102(gX1XD) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 942).

118 22 U.S.C. 2174.

119 Sec. 103(b)(1) of the FA Act of 1963 substituted the word "furnish" for the words "use, in addition to other funds available for such purposes, funds made available for the purposes of sec. 211 for".

120 Sec. 103(b)(2) of the FA Act of 1963 struck out the words "to use" which appeared at this point.

121 Superseded by the Export Administration Act of 1979.

122 Sec. 103(b)(2) of the FA Act of 1963 substituted the words "to furnish" for the words "foreign currencies accruing to the United States Government under any Act, for purposes of subsection (2) of this section, and for".

123 Sec. 103(c)(1) of the FA Act of 1966 substituted the words to this point, beginning with "to institutions referred to" in lieu of "to hospitals outside the United States founded or sponsored by United States citizens and serving as centers for medical education and research". 124 Sec. 4(2) of the FA Act of 1973 amended and restated subsec. (c).

125 The authorization figures for fiscal years 1986 and 1987 were added by sec. 401 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83; 99 Stat. 190). Authorizations under sec. 214 for recent years included the following: fiscal year 1975$19,000,000; fiscal year 1976 $25,000,000; fiscal year 1977-$25,000,000; fiscal year 1978 $25,000,000; fiscal year 1979-$25,000,000; fiscal year 1980-$25,000,000; fiscal year 1981$30,000,000; fiscal year 1982-$20,000,000; fiscal year 1983-$20,000,000; fiscal year 1984$30,000,000; fiscal year 1985-no authorization; fiscal year 1988-no authorization; fiscal year 1989-no authorization; fiscal year 1990-no authorization; fiscal year 1991-no authorization. Congress did not enact an authorization for fiscal year 1992. Fiscal year 1992 appropriations for this activity are $28,571,400 ($29,000,000, reduced by 1.4781 per cent as required by sec. 126 of Public Law 102-145, as amended). For relevant appropriations text, see paragraph on "American Schools and Hospitals Abroad", title II, Public Law 101-513, page 580.

126 Sec. 114(2) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 950) repealed subsecs. (d) and (e) (which had been added by the FA Act of 1973), and redesignated subsec. (f) (which had been added by Public Law 95-88; 91 Stat. 539) as subsec. (d).

Sec. 219.127 Prototype Desalting Plant.—(a) In furtherance of purposes of this part and for the purpose of improving existing, and developing and advancing new technology and experience in the design, construction, and operation of large-scale desalting plants of advanced concepts which will contribute materially to low-cost desalination in all countries, including the United States, the President, if he determines it to be feasible, is authorized to participate in the development of a large-scale water treatment and desalting prototype plant and necessary appurtenances to be constructed in Israel as an integral part of a dual-purpose power generating and desalting project. Such participation shall include financial, technical, and such other assistance as the President deems appropriate to provide for the study, design, construction, and, for a limited demonstration period of not to exceed five years, operation and maintenance of the water treatment and desalting facilities of the dual-purpose project.

(b) Any agreement entered into under subsection (a) of this section shall include such terms and conditions as the President deems appropriate to insure, among other things, that all information, products, uses, processes, patents, and other developments obtained or utilized in the development of this prototype plant will be available without further cost to the United States for the use and benefit of the United States throughout the world, and to insure that the United States, its officers and employees have a permanent right to review data and have access to such plant for the purpose of observing its operations and improving science and technology in the field of desalination.

(c) In carrying out the provisions of this section, the President may enter into contracts with public or private agencies and with any person without regard to sections 3648 and 3709 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (31 U.S.C. 529 and 41 U.S.C. 5).

(d) Nothing in this section shall be construed as intending to deprive the owner of any background patent or any right which such owner may have under that patent.

(e) In carrying out the provisions of this section, the President may utilize the personnel, services, and facilities of any Federal agency.

(f) The United States costs, other than its administrative costs, for the study, design, construction, and operation of a prototype plant under this section shall not exceed either 50 per centum of the total capital costs of the facilities associated with the production of water, and 50 per centum of the operation and maintenance costs for the demonstration period, or $20,000,000, whichever is less. There are authorized to be appropriated, subject to the limitations of this subsection, such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section, including administrative costs thereof. Such sums are authorized to remain available until expended.

(g) No funds appropriated for the Office of Saline Water pursuant to the appropriation authorized by the Act of July 11, 1969 (83

127 22 U.S.C. 2179. Sec. 219 was added by sec. 104 of the FA Act of 1969 (Public Law 91-175; 83 Stat. 806).

Stat. 45, Public Law 91-43), or prior authorization Acts, shall be used to carry out the purposes of this section.

Sec. 220.115 Programs for Peaceful Communication.-** pealed-1978]

*

Sec. 220A.115 Suez Canal.-* [Repealed-1978]

[Re

Title III-Housing and Other Credit Guaranty Programs 128 Sec. 221.129 Housing Guaranties.-The Congress recognizes that shelter, including essential urban development services, is 130 among the most fundamental of human needs. Shelter for most people in the developing countries consists largely of domestic materials assembled by local labor. While recognizing that most financing for such shelter 131 must come from domestic resources, the Congress finds that carefully designed programs involving United States capital and expertise can increase the availability of domestic financing for improved shelter 131 and related services for low-income people by demonstrating to local entrepreneurs and institutions that providing low-cost shelter 131 can be financially viable. The Congress reaffirms, therefore, that the United States should continue to assist developing countries in marshalling resources for low-cost shelter. 131 Particular attention should be given to programs which will support pilot projects for low-cost shelter or which will have a maximum demonstration impact on local institutions and national policy. The Congress declares that the long run goal of all such programs should be to develop domestic construction capabilities and to stimulate local credit institutions to make available domestic capital and other management and technological resources required for effective low-cost shelter programs and policies.

Sec. 222.132 Authorization.-(a) To carry out the policy of section 221, the President is authorized to issue guaranties to eligible investors (as defined in section 238(c)) assuring against losses incurred in connection with loans made for projects meeting the criteria set forth in section 221. The total principal amount of guaranties issued under this title or heretofore issued under prior housing guaranty authorities, which are outstanding at any one time, shall

128 Title III was added by sec. 105 of the FA Act of 1969. Sec. 8(a)(1) of the FA Act of 1974 substituted the title heading "Housing and Other Credit Guaranty Programs" in lieu of "Housing Guaranties".

129 22 U.S.C. 2181. Sec. 221, which was added by the FA Act of 1969, was amended and restated by sec. 115(a) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 950).

130 The words "including essential urban development services, is" were inserted in lieu of the words "requirements are" by sec. 541(a) of the Foreign Assistance Appropriations Act, 1985, as contained in the Continuing Appropriations Act, 1985 (Public Law 98-473; 98 Stat. 1903). This amendment had been included as sec. 311(a)(1) of H.R. 5119, the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1984, as passed by the House on May 10, 1984. Sec. 541(a) enacted sec. 311 of H.R. 5119.

131 The word "shelter" was inserted in lieu of the word "housing" by sec. 541(a) of the Foreign Assistance Appropriations Act, 1985, as contained in the Continuing Appropriations Act, 1985 (Public Law 98-473; 98 Stat. 1903). This amendment had been included as sec. 311(a)(2) of H.R. 5119, the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1984, as passed by the House on May 10, 1984. Sec. 541(a) enacted sec. 311 of H.R. 5119.

132 22 U.S.C. 2182. Sec. 222, which was added by the FA Act of 1969 and had concerned housing projects in Latin American countries, was amended and restated by sec. 115(a) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 950).

not exceed $2,558,000,000.133 The authority of this section shall continue through September 30, 1992.134 The President may issue regulations from time to time with regard to the terms and conditions upon which such guaranties shall be issued and the eligibility of lenders.

(b) Activities carried out under this section shall emphasize

(1) projects which provide improved home sites to poor families on which to build shelter, and related services;

(2) projects comprised of expandable core shelter units on serviced sites;

(3) slum upgrading projects designed to conserve and improve existing shelter;

(4) shelter projects for low income people designed for demonstration or institution building purposes; and

(5) community facilities and services in support of projects authorized under this section to improve the shelter occupied by the poor.

(c) In issuing guaranties under this section with respect to projects in a country which require the use or conservation of energy, the President shall give consideration to the use of solar energy technologies, where such technologies are economically and technically feasible. Technologies which may be used include solar hot water systems, solar heating and cooling, passive solar heating, biomass conversion, photovoltaic and wind applications, and community-scale solar thermal applications.

133 This figure was increased from $2,158,000,000 by title II, chapter III, of the Dire Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for 1990 (Public Law 101-302; 104 Stat. 224). This figure was previously increased from $1,958,000,000 by sec. 313(a) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83; 99 Stat. 190); and from $1,718,000,000 by sec. 541(a) of the Foreign Assistance Appropriations Act, 1985, as contained in the Continuing Appropriations Act, 1985 (Public Law 98-473; 98 Stat. 1903). This amendment had been included as sec. 311(bx1) of H.R. 5119, the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1984, as passed by the House on May 10, 1984. Sec. 541(a) enacted sec. 311 of H.R. 5119. Previously, the amount was raised from $1,555,000,000 to $1,718,000,000 by sec. 310(a) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-113; 95 Stat. 1535) and from $1,180,000,000 to $1,155,000,000 by sec. 112(a)(1) of Public Law 96-53 (93 Stat. 363).

Congress did not enact an authorization for fiscal year 1992. Fiscal year 1992 subsidy appropriations for the housing guaranty program are $17,630,494 ($17,895,000, reduced by 1.4781 per cent as required by sec. 126 of Public Law 102-145, as amended), that would support an estimated level of $150,000,000 of guaranteed loans. Fiscal year 1992 appropriations for operating expenses for the housing guaranty program are $7,033,478 ($7,139,000, reduced by 1.4781 per cent as required by sec. 126 of Public Law 102-145, as amended).

Public Law 102-145, as amended, also provided the following:

"SEC. 123. Commitments to guarantee loans for foreign operations, export financing, and related programs under the 'Housing Guarantee Program Account' may be entered into notwithstanding the second sentence of section 222(a) and, with regard to programs for Eastern Europe, section 223(j) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.".

134 The authority of this section was extended from Sept. 30, 1991, by title II of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law 101513; 104 Stat. 1989). Previously the authority was extended from Sept. 30, 1990, by title II of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990 (Public Law 101-167; 103 Stat. 1205); from Sept. 30, 1989, by title II of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1988 (sec. 101(e) of the Continuing Appropriations for 1988, Public Law 100-202; 101 Stat. 1329); from Sept. 30, 1986, by sec. 313(b) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83; 99 Stat. 190).

The authority of this section was previously extended from Sept. 30, 1984, by sec. 541(a) of the Foreign Assistance Appropriations Act, 1985 as contained in the Continuing Appropriations Act, 1985 (Public Law 98-473; 98 Stat. 1903). This amendment had been included as sec. 311(b)2) of H.R. 5119, the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1984, as passed by the House on May 10, 1984. Sec. 541(a) enacted sec. 311 of H.R. 5119. This authority had been extended previously from Sept. 30, 1982, by sec. 310(a) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-113; 95 Stat. 1535); and from Sept. 30, 1980, by sec. 112(a)2) of Public Law 96-53 (93 Stat. 364).

(k) 135 The total principal amount of guaranties issued under this section for each of the fiscal years 1986 and 1987 shall be comparable to the total principal amount of such guaranties issued for fiscal year 1984, subject to the dollar limitations on the issuance of guaranties under this section which are contained in subsection (a) and in appropriation Acts.

Sec. 222A.136 Agricultural and Productive Credit and Self-Help Community Development Programs. (a) It is the sense of the Congress that in order to stimulate the participation of the private sector in the economic development of less-developed countries, 137 the authority conferred by this section should be used to establish pilot programs 138 to encourage private banks, credit institutions, similar private lending organizations, cooperatives, and private nonprofit development organizations to make loans on reasonable terms to organized groups and individuals residing in a community for the purpose of enabling such groups and individuals to carry out agricultural credit and self-help community development projects for which they are unable to obtain financial assistance on reasonable terms. Agricultural credit and assistance for self-help community development projects should include, but not be limited to, material and such projects as wells, pumps, farm machinery, improved seed, fertilizer, pesticides, vocational training, food industry development, nutrition projects, improved breeding stock for farm animals, sanitation facilities, and looms and other handicraft aids.

(b) To carry out the purposes of subsection (a), the agency primarily responsible for administering part I is authorized to issue guaranties, on such terms and conditions as it shall determine, to private lending institutions, cooperatives, and private nonprofit development organizations 139 assuring against loss of not to exceed 50 per centum of the portfolio of such loans made by any lender to organized groups or individuals residing in a community to enable such groups or individuals to carry out agricultural credit and selfhelp community development projects for which they are unable to obtain financial assistance on reasonable terms. In no event shall the liability of the United States exceed 75 per centum of any one loan.

(c) The total face amount of guaranties issued under this section outstanding at any one time shall not exceed $20,000,000.140 Not

135 Sec. 313(c) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83; 99 Stat 190) added subsec. (k). This subsection should probably be labeled "(d)" instead of "(k)".

136 22 U.S.C. 2182a. Sec. 222A was added by sec. 8(a)(2) of the FA Act of 1974.

137 The words "in not more than six Latin American countries" and the words "in Latin America" were deleted by sec. 541(a) of the Foreign Assistance Appropriations Act, 1985, as contained in the Continuing Appropriations Act, 1985 (Public Law 98-473; 98 Stat. 1903). This amendment had been included as sec. 312(a)(1) of H.R. 5119, the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1984, as passed by the House on May 10, 1984. Sec. 541(a) enacted sec. 312 of H.R. 5119.

138 Previously such programs were limited to not more than six Latin American countries (Public Law 99-53; 99 Stat. 364).

139 The words "in not more than five Latin American countries", that previously appeared at this point, were struck out by sec. 541(a) of the Foreign Assistance Appropriations Act, 1985, as contained in the Continuing Appropriations Act, 1985 (Public Law 98-473; 98 Stat. 1903). This amendment had been included as sec. 312(a)(2) of H.R. 5119, the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1984, as passed by the House on May 10, 1984. Sec. 541(a) enacted sec. 312 of H.R. 5119.

140 This figure was increased from $15,000,000 by sec. 112(b)(2) of the International Development Cooperation Act of 1979 (Public Law 96-53; 93 Stat. 364).