tives, credit unions, free labor unions, and private and voluntary agencies.

(9) To the maximum extent practicable, United States private investment should be encouraged in economic and social development programs to which the United States lends support.

(10) Assistance shall be planned and utilized to encourage regional cooperation by developing countries in the solution of common problems and the development of shared resources.

(11) Assistance efforts of the United States shall be planned and furnished to the maximum extent practicable in coordination and cooperation with assistance efforts of other countries, including the planning and implementation of programs and projects on a multilateral and multidonor basis.

(12) United States bilateral development assistance should be concentrated on projects which do not involve large-scale capital transfers. However, to the extent that such assistance does involve large-scale capital transfers, it should be furnished in association with contributions from other countries working together in a multilateral framework.

(13) United States encouragement of policy reforms is necessary if developing countries are to achieve economic growth with equity.

7

(14) Development assistance should, as a fundamental objective, promote private sector activity in open and competitive markets in developing countries, recognizing such activity to be a productive and efficient means of achieving equitable and long-term economic growth.

7

(15) United States cooperation in development should recognize as essential the need of developing countries to have access to appropriate technology in order to improve food and water, health and housing, education and employment, and agriculture and industry.

(16) United States assistance should focus on establishing and upgrading the institutional capacities of developing countries in order to promote long-term development. An important component of institution building involves training to expand the human resource potential of people in developing countries.

(c) The Congress, recognizing the desirability of overcoming the worst aspects of absolute poverty by the end of this century by, among other measures, substantially lowering infant mortality and birth rates, and increasing life expectancy, food production, literacy, and employment, encourages the President to explore with other countries, through all appropriate channels, the feasibility of a worldwide cooperative effort to overcome the worst aspects of absolute poverty and to assure self-reliant growth in the developing countries by the year 2000.

7 Paragraphs (13), (14), (15), and (16) were added by sec. 301 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83; 99 Stat. 190).

NOTE.-Foreign assistance appropriations for fiscal year 1992 are included in the Further Continuing Appropriations, Fiscal Year 1992 (Public Law 102-145; 105 Stat. 968), as amended by Public Law 102-266 (106 Stat. 92). That Public Law continues much of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law 101-513; 104 Stat. 1979), through fiscal year 1992, as well as enacting by reference some portions of H.R. 2621 as passed by the House on June 19, 1991. Amounts appropriated by these three pieces of legislation to carry out the purposes of provisions contained in the FA Act, 1961, during fiscal year 1992, are included in footnotes. For text of the relevant foreign assistance provisions of Public Law 101-513, Public Law 102-145, and H.R. 2621, see beginning at page 551.

NOTE. The Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law 101-513; 104 Stat. 2002), as continued by Public Law 102145, as amended, provided the following:

"SEC. 502. Except for the appropriations entitled 'International Disaster Assistance', and 'United States Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance Fund', not more than 15 per centum of any appropriation item made available by this Act shall be obligated during the last month of availability.".

NOTE.-Transfers Between Accounts. The Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law 101-513; 104 Stat. 2004), as continued by Public Law 102-145, as amended, provided the following:

"SEC. 514. None of the funds made available by this Act may be obligated under an appropriation account to which they were not appropriated, unless the President, prior to the exercise of any authority contained in the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to transfer funds, consults with and provides a written policy justification to the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate: Provided, That the exercise of such authority shall be subject to the regular notification procedures of the Committees on Appropriations.".

NOTE.-Deobligation/Reobligation Authority. The Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law 101-513; 104 Stat. 2004), as continued by Public Law 102-145, as amended, provided the following:

"SEC. 515. (a) Amounts certified pursuant to section 1311 of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1955, as having been obligated against appropriations heretofore made under the authority of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 for the same general purpose as any of the headings under the 'Agency for International Development' are, if deobligated, hereby continued available for the same period as the respective appropriations under such headings or until September 30, 1991, whichever is later, and for the same general purpose, and for countries within the same region as originally obligated: Provided, That the Appropriations Committees of both Houses of the Congress are notified fifteen days in advance of the deobligation and reobligation of such funds in accordance with regular notification procedures of the Committees on Appropriations.

(b) Obligated balances of funds appropriated to carry out section 23 of the Arms Export Control Act as of the end of the fiscal year immediately preceding the current fiscal year are, if deobligated in accordance with amendments of applicable grant or loan agreements, hereby continued available during the current fiscal year for the same purpose under any authority applicable to such appropriations under this Act: Provided, That the Appropriations Committees of both Houses of the Congress are notified fifteen days in advance of the deobligation and reobligation of such funds in accordance with regular notification procedures of the Committees on Appropriations.".

NOTE. Availability of Funds. The Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law 101-513; 104 Stat. 2005), as continued by Public Law 102-145, as amended, provided the following:

"SEC. 517. No part of any appropriation contained in this Act shall remain available for obligation after the expiration of the current fiscal year unless expressly so provided in this Act: Provided, That funds appropriated for the purposes of chapter 1 of part I, section 667, and chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, shall remain available until expended if such funds are initially obligated before the expiration of their respective periods of availability contained in this Act: Provided further, That, notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, any funds made available for the purposes of chapter 1 of part I and chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 which are allocated or obligated for cash disbursements in order to address balance of payments or economic policy reform objectives, shall remain available until expended: Provided further, That the report required by section 653(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 shall designate for each country, to the extent known at the time of submission of such report, those funds allocated for cash disbursement for balance of payment and economic policy reform purposes.".

NOTE.-Notification Requirements. The Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law 101-513; 104 Stat. 2007), as continued by Public Law 102-145, as amended, provided the following:

"SEC. 523. For the purposes of providing the Executive Branch with the necessary administrative flexibility, none of the funds made available under this Act for 'Agriculture, rural development, and nutrition, Development Assistance', 'Population, Development Assistance', 'Child Survival Fund', 'Health, Development Assistance', 'International AIDS Prevention and Control Program', 'Education and human resources development, Development Assistance', 'Private Sector, environment, and energy, Development Assistance', 'Science and technology, Development Assistance', 'Sub-Saharan Africa, Development Assistance', 'International organizations and programs', 'American schools and hospitals abroad', "Trade and development program', 'International narcotics control', 'Economic support fund', 'Peacekeeping operations', 'Operating expenses of the Agency for International Development', 'Operating expenses of the Agency for International Development Office of Inspector General', 'Anti-terrorism assistance', 'Foreign Military Financing Program', 'International military education and training', 'Inter-American Foundation', 'African Development Foundation', 'Peace Corps', or 'Migration and refugee assistance', shall be available for obligation for activities, programs, projects, type of materiel assistance, countries, or other operation not justified or in excess of the amount justified to the Appropriations Committees for obligation under any of these specific headings for the current fiscal year unless the Appropriations Committees of both Houses of Congress are previously notified fifteen days in advance: Provided, That the President shall not enter into any commitment of funds appropriated for the purposes of section 23 of the Arms Export Control Act for the provision of major defense equipment, other than conventional ammunition, or other major defense items defined to be aircraft, ships, missiles, or combat vehicles, not previously justified to Congress or 20 per centum in excess of the quantities justified to Congress unless the Committees on Appropriations are notified fifteen days in advance of such commitment: Provided further, That this section shall not apply to any reprogramming for an activity, program, or project under chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 of less than 20 per centum of the amount previously justified to the Congress for obligation for such activity, program, or project for the current fiscal year.".