tion necessary to the manifestation of both intellect and sentiment, while, according to the latter, it is the vital organ of the intellectual and moral powers. It were out of place here to attempt to decide upon the superiority of either of those methods of reasoning; suffice it to say, that both are deeply interested in advancing the progress of Phrenology. Besides, this science explains the cause of this very difference of opinion on matters which, ever since man began to think and reflect, have divided the world. We cannot at the same time help noticing here, the sure consistency of the ideas furnished by Phrenology on this subject. How unerring and elevated are the views of the philosophical observer, who, contemplating man in the midst of his fellow-creatures, recognises and traces the reciprocal actions and reactions of different organizations! Should such a philosopher ever be called upon to give laws to his country, he will, far from setting at nought the uniform cravings inherent in certain organizations, be careful to avoid all excitements to infraction of municipal law arising from demanding of man more than his organization is capable of, and from sacrificing some of the faculties to the interests of some others: he will frame laws which shall be adapted to the real wants of the community, according to the variety of their nature, and not founded on false views of the equality and uniformity of the intellectual and moral faculties; for he will be familiar with those varieties of organization, from which the differences of intelligence and resource arise.

Phrenology will be consulted, also, in the preparation of a penal code; for the nature of the punishments to be inflicted ought to bear a relation to the possibility, more or less admitted, of correcting and ameliorating the guilty. A great latitude will thus be allowed, in order that he whose organization does not indicate his propensities to be incurably strong, may one day, when their influence shall have been abated by well-directed training, be restored to his place in that society, of which he shall be no longer unworthy; whilst the unfortunate being, in whom the excessive and fatal preponderance of certain organs over those of the intellect, or the almost total absence of the latter, shall leave no hope of improvement, will be

kept separate from the former class of moral patients, and will be prevented forever from returning into that society of which he can only be the pest.

But the department in which Phrenology is most necessary, and is destined to produce the happiest results, is that of Education. Here the extent of its application will be prodigious. How should that science fail to be of primary importance to a teacher, which should enable him to turn the studies of his pupils into the proper channel, and to have a thorough knowledge of their characters; which should inform him with certainty that such a one has a decided talent for drawing, such another for languages, a third for calculation, and a fourth for poetry; and which should warn him, that it would be a loss of time

to urge the progress of a fifth in a particular direction! How many tears would not be spared to childhood! How many vexations would not the teacher himself escape! And who will presume to foretel the results of a system of education, in which, by proper direction, those dispositions shall be turned to the advantage of an individual, which would otherwise have been the cause of his inevitable destruction? When a child is born with a particular development of brain, if he be left altogether to himself, he will become cruel and ferocious, and perhaps commit murder. What does an able instructor do in such a case? He endeavors to place beyond the reach of his pupil all objects calculated to call into action the organs of his most dangerous propensities, and to present to him only those of an opposite tendency. He strongly calls his attention to the charms of an amiable disposition, to the affection which it generates towards itself, to the praises which it calls forth, and, above all, to the internal complacency, with which it never fails to bless its possesSuch representations, exhibited to the infant's mind incessantly, and in a thousand different ways, incline him to make an effort at amiability. He is praised for his first virtuous acts; he is skilfully encouraged to persevere in the same line of conduct. Even accidentally, and as opportunity offers, he is made to feel, by some striking example, the melancholy and deplorable effects of indulging criminal passions; and, by assiduous and

sor.

long continued care, the result, after years of perseverance, is, that he becomes a man of courage and coolness, who is not to be diverted from a useful enterprise by feelings of too great sensibility, but who, actuated by those principles of virtue which have gradually become his constant guide, will refrain from indulging in any act of cruelty.

Such is the happy influence which Phrenology will exercise over the development of childhood; but is not education also useful at all ages and at every stage of life? Youth and mature age are not necessarily incorrigible. The attempt is then, without doubt, more difficult, but still success is not impossible. Let us suppose a man to be of a passionate temperament: Phrenology informs him that there exists within him a disposition, the result of organization, hurrying him blindly on to all the violence of passion. If, besides, he be endowed with reason, that is to say, if he be not deficient in the intellectual organs, will he not keep himself on his guard against the causes which inflame his passion? Knowing that the chief cause exists in his own constitution, will he not strive to yield less and less to the influence of causes which are external? And will he not, consequently, succeed at last in weakening his own tendency to paroxysms?

It would require much more than our present limits, to enter fully here into the services which Phrenology will be the means of rendering to human society, as soon as it shall be universally known and appreciated as it ought; all that we aim at, is, to call attention to the nature and importance of its assistance, in order that all those who are actuated by a desire of doing good, and who consider it a duty to contribute to the amelioration of our social condition, and of the human race in general, may concentrate their exertions in maintaining, spreading, and bringing it to perfection. EDITOR.

ADVERTISEMENT.

It is three years since I published my large work on the anatomy and physiology of the brain. This magnificent work soon found its way into the principal libraries of Europe. The public were sure of finding in it, the real ideas of the founder of the physiology of the brain, and it contributed its potent influence to destroy the prejudices which still reigned respecting the nature and tendency of my researches.

I had come to the conclusion, that it was necessary, in the first instance, to publish a work worthy of the importance of the subject, which would make known to the learned world the whole extent of my discoveries, and at the same time would afford the means of putting them to the ordeal, and of multiplying and perfecting them.

This purpose not only required many discussions on subjects altogether new, but, likewise, a great number of portraits, and designs of brains and skulls, both of men and animals.

The execution of this vast plan, raised the price of my work above the means of most persons, to whom my labors ought to prove of the most utility; and I was therefore urged from all quarters to publish an edition,

which in its price might come within the reach of the public in general.

In the fulness of my conviction, that my labors may have the happiest influence on moral institutions, in the treatment of cerebral diseases, particularly mental alienation, &c., I feel it my duty to neglect no means of extending the knowledge of them. Notwithstanding the great number of general views, small works, articles in journals, analyses and criticisms by many of my most distinguished pupils, I still meet, in almost all the works of our modern authors, either erroneous and defective notions, a total ignorance, real or affected, or a singular reserve and apprehension in passing judgment on what is most essential in my doctrines the incontestible value of facts. They can no longer refuse to admit the principles to which these same individual observations have led me; but they find it too laborious to resist experience itself, and they conceive that they have done enough for the progress of the science, by suspending, with an air of complaisance or modesty, its definitive decision.

It is not yet time, therefore, to abandon the research and the multiplication of observations to the reader alone; it is still necessary to conduct the observer by the hand, to show him the multiplied modifications of a large number of facts, and thus to initiate him in this new field of observation. I shall concede no excuse to those who, through prejudice or self-sufficiency, neglect what is the most useful and essential, the experimental part of the physiology of the brain.

It is for the same reason, that this edition does not offer to the reader a simple sketch of my doctrines, an extract merely from my large work. It includes the entire text, with the exception of the descriptive anatomy of the nervous system in general, and of the brain in particular, of which I propose to make a distinct work, as soon as I shall be able to profit by what has been published on these two objects of comparative anatomy, since my first edition. I shall, in this work, explain the anatomy only so far as it is indispensable