be worked independently and there is no danger of it leaking off. After reaching the foot of the mountain grade and continuing on towards Tacoma, the descent in the first fifty miles is over 1,700 feet. So, even after leaving the foot a train will sometimes run faster than is really desired. One consolation, though, is the fireman is getting a rest. I failed to mention that in the mountain district a strict block system is maintained. Handling air on long heavy grades, as on the level, some men are more proficient than others; just as some men have a faculty for music, so some have a greater faculty for handling air than others, no matter what the conditions. The perceptive power, the ability to force the effect of a reduction, is more acute in some men than others. In conclusion, I will say that in descending a mountain grade an engineer should never let a train get to going too fast, but if possible, should at all times keep the speed low enough to allow an unexpected stop to be made within a reasonable distance. He should not let his mind relax from his work and should never take reckless chances. The latter may be a glorious trait in a soldier, but hardly the proper characteristic for a railroad man. Fraternally yours, JOHN WHITEFORD. Collapsed Flues Might Cause Explosion. GARRETT, IND., Feb. 6, 1905. EDITOR JOURNAL: In regard to the inquiry of Bro. H. E. Smith, of Louisville, Ky., of what caused the explosion in engine 945, will say a collapse of flues might produce the effect he mentions. We have had a similar circumstance here. Fraternally yours, Who Was Right? AURORA, ILL., Feb. 12, 1905. EDITOR JOURNAL: I wish to hear the opinion of some of the Brothers as to who was right and who was wrong in the execution of train orders on one of our railroads not very long ago. To make the circumstances easier understood, we will use the letters in the alphabet from A to M to represent the stations. A is the eastern and M the western terminal of the division. Trains approaching A are superior to trains of the same class moving in opposite direction. No. 3 and No. 6 are first-class trains. No. 3 is a westbound train. No. 6 is an eastbound train. No. 6 is several hours late, caused by an accident west of M. Before leaving A, No. 3 receives the following order: "First and second No. 3 have right over No. 6 A to M." On arrival of No. 3 at K it receives the following order: "First and second No. 3 will meet first No. 6 at L." On arrival of first section of No. 6 at L, first section of No. 3 proceeded to M without further orders. Engineer of second section No. 3 refused to proceed without an order against second section of No. 6. The question is, which engineer was right and which was wrong? This, I understand, actually occurred, and as it is liable to occur any day with ourselves, it is very important that no mistake be made in the execution of the orders. The orders were regular, the dispatcher not knowing when he gave the original orders that there would be two sections of No. 6. I have a fixed opinion in the matter myself, and will give reason for same, if there is any misunderstanding among the Brothers regarding it. In reply to Brother Lindsey in regard to taking siding at Batavia would say, his first order contained three specific movements. The first to run Extra Clair to East Portsmouth; the second, to take siding; the third to meet Extra 354 West at Cohoon. The first movement was in effect until arrival at East Portsmouth. The second movement was in effect until Extra 352 East left Cohoon, and no longer. The third movement was superseded by the second order. Now, Brother Lindsey, suppose you took sidetrack at Cohoon before receiving the superseding order; you certainly would consider the second movement in the order fulfilled, and it would be. If the dispatcher wanted you to take siding at Batavia the order should have read: 66 Extra 352 East will meet Extra 354 West at Batavia, instead of Cohoon. Extra 352, East will take siding." Brother Pursell certainly would have no right to use order to run from D to C after 1:20 P. M. The order made the time of No. 9 1:20 P. M. at B. The schedule time of No. 9 at C is 1:16 P. M. This schedule time is all he had to run by after 1:20 P. M., as the order was no longer in effect. If there was a train at C and the dispatcher wished to run it as First No. 9, he had a perfect right to do so after 1:20 P. M. You can see, Brother Pursell, that it might not be safe after all. Yours fraternally, JAMES LENAHAN, Div. 32. • The Journal Published monthly, 307 Society for Savings Bldg. CLEVELAND, OHIO. CHARLES H. SALMONS, Editor and Manager. Address all matter for publication-Correspondence, Technical and Link Departments, changes in Division Addresses, Special Notices, and address of Outside Subscribers to C. H. SALMONS, S. G. E., Editor JOURNAL. No reading space will be sold for advertising purposes under any circumstances. All money matters should be addressed to W. B. PRENTER, F. G. E., 307 Society for Savings Bldg. Send New York or Chicago draft, Express money order or Postal order, but never send personal check. Also send the name and address of all members Initiated, Reinstated, Transferred, Expelled, Suspended, Withdrawn and Deaths to the F. G. E., as per Section 16 of the Statutes. Changes in Address of the JOURNAL and orders for Division supplies should be addressed to D. EVERETT, T. G. E., 307 Society for Savings Bldg. Advertising Department matter and all corre spondence relating thereto should be addressed to W. N. GATES, 409 Garfield Bldg., Cleveland, O. TRADES OUR COUNCIL 5 MARCH, 1905. Associated Effort vs. Individual Liberty. The National Civic Federation has brought together leading men of all classes, creeds and interests, and has given opportunity for the discussion of the great question of the relations of labor and capital on a broader basis and with greater educational tendencies than any like gathering in the history of nations. It has gathered in at these meetings educators, who need education on the labor question; heads of great industries employing thousands, who learn from the labor leaders what organized labor stands for, its aims and objects; the social economist, whose mind is biased by ancient history rather than modern conditions; the representatives of the Church which have in the main stood aloof, or made appeals to the laboring men to be good, seldom questioning the attitude of their better-paying parishioner, the employer; hence the National Civic Federation offers opportunity for representatives of organized labor to meet with all these on a common level, and to tell not only what their associations stand for, but what it is in commercial life that makes them necessary, and to furnish proof that they are not a detriment but a benefit; that they are character builders, and that the bettered conditions brought about by them are a benefit to both the social and commercial interests of all classes. It is the best opportunity labor ་་ ing men have ever had to put themselves right, and to enlighten the public on social economy as they know it from practical experience. The subject to come before the first meeting of the new contingent, the Industrial Economic Department of the Federation, is: "How far does associated effort involve the curtailment of individual liberty?" Certainly a very broad subject, and one that is likely to submerge a large part of President Eliot's millions of the vague public he said he stood for at the last meeting. Ruskin said: "I hardly know anything more strange than that you recognize honesty in play and do not in work. You have an umpire in your play and your prize ring, but your prize merchant gains his match by foul practice, and no one cries out." Quite true. It is only those who suffer who cry out, but laboring men learned long ago that the cry of one voice was not heeded; and Parliament and legislatures have demonstrated the futility of appeal for redress, except when organized society has been strong enough to endanger their political positions. Labor has not found many such men as William Pitt, who in answer to a petition from working men for an arbitration act in 1800, said: "The time will come when manufacturers will have been so long established and the operative not having any other business to flee to, it will be in the power of any one man in the town to reduce wages and all other manufacturers must follow. If it ever does arrive at this pitch, Parliament, if not then sitting, ought to be called together, and if it cannot redress your griev ances, its power is at an end;" but in 1814, 2,000 masters petitioned Parliament to repeal the statutes of Fifth Elizabeth, which regulated apprenticeship, and a counter petition, signed by 300,000 working men was presented. The moneyed influence of the 2,000 masters won the day, and industrial disorganization was complete. Parliamentary reports ascribing as the immediate effect of the repeal, the growth of sweatshops supplied with half-paid apprentices and children, and the journeymen driven to famine and the female workers to prostitution. So the necessity for organized self-help is not at all new, for laboring men learned years ago that standing alone meant to be plucked; that as there was no umpire in work, as Ruskin said, they must combine their forces in self-defense, not that every employer was unfair, but, as Pitt truly said, one unfair employer, if in a competitive business, tends to make all unfair, and as no evil is ever effectually cured except by those who suffer from it, a solid, compact association was found necessary for even The moderate success in that direction. result has been some degree of voice in the conditions under which they shall serve, which is deemed a corresponding degree of liberty not detrimental to society, morally or commercially, for the organizations means better wages, having the means, better buyers, and better living which means mental uplifting and a higher morality, and higher morality means justice more rightly applied and higher liberty. The question, "How far does associated effort involve the curtailment of individual liberty," is evidently intended to apply to the influence of associated laboring men only, divided into three propositions, apprenticeship, the closed shop and the boycott. The first question, "Does restricted apprenticeship curtail individual liberty?" should not stand alone, but should be coupled with results. Unrestricted apprenticeship in any desirable work means eventually an over-supply, lowered wages and undesirable conditions, detrimental to all who have learned the trade and tends to degrade the quality of work done; and unrestricted apprenticeship would ultimately be of no benefit to any but the employer who desired cheap labor with which to undersell his competitor. So that individual liberty to work for whom they pleased and at any price, regardless of the evil influences that might result, is not in the direction of individual liberty for any who aspires to fair conditions, but license for employers who would use it for the destruction of the organization his business represents. But organized labor is not alone in these restrictions; doctors and lawyers are examined by men of their profession under laws created by their own influence. An auctioneer goes from one city to another, pays a license to sell his wares, and if his competition is objectionable to the local merchant, on petition he is taxed out of business; the difference is only in the distinction of who applies the principle. The boycott is another thing complained of as inimical to individual liberty. We do not commend this weapon, but the practice is altogether too common in all walks of commercial life to put particular stress upon the open and above board action of organized labor in this direction; for what organized labor does in the way of a boycott is but a small percentage. The oil trust, the book trust, the paper trust, the tobacco trust, the meat trust, the farmers' alliance, citizens' alliance, employers' association, and hundreds of other associations of capital boycott men who will not conform to conditions and profits fixed for them. The strike breaker is a boycotter of the meanest kind, a char acter that the honest employer detests, but buys at a high price when he refuses to negotiate with his employees, and concede reasonable conditions, regardless of public welfare or individual liberty, and now the states of Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, Illinois and Texas are boycotting the Standard Oil Company for the same reason organized labor applies it, and when all of President Eliot's vague public who practice the same principles, and doing so have no right to complain, are counted, he will find he represents a vastly smaller percentage of the vague public whose individual liberty has been curtailed than he seems to think. General Sherman said, "Force is as necessary for the government of mankind as the Almighty finds the electric fluid necessary to clear the atmosphere." Lawyers find a living in settling what some one thinks is curtailed individual liberty. Statutes are made for the purpose of fixing a limit to individual liberty, and individual liberty, in the sense implied in the question under discussion, must be measured from the standpoint of the common good of those directly affected by associated effort. What is needed is the intelligence to discern the right and the humanity and moral courage to apply the remedy. The cure will not be found in unlimited apprenticeship, the open shop and unlimited competition for labor, while every other factor in commercial life practices the reverse. We must have something consistent with common interest which gives those who work at manual labor reasonable opportunities which considers their individual liberties as much as any other class. No backward step, but conditions which tend to elevate and make for good citizenship, not measured by dollars but character. May the National Civic Federation be the means of letting the light so shine upon this important subject, that eventually all men may enjoy a greater share of individual liberty and with it a greater degree of comfort. LINKS. THE F. A. E. of Div. 510, Moose Jaw, Can., requests us to say that there is no work to be found in that section at this time, and but a short time for those who have positions. To go into that rigorous climate at this time can result in no benefit to one out of work, but will result in distress for themselves and others who can ill afford to render the assistance expected of them. Keep away. BRO. O. MONTANYE, F. A. E. of Div. 521, has been appointed Road Foreman of Engines on N. Y. S. & W. R. R. Brother Montanye has been in the employ of the company for thirty years, and has been F. A. E. of Div. 521 for ten years, and is a Brotherhood man all the way through, and the Silk City Brothers are well pleased with his promotion and wish him success in his new position. J. W. M., C. E. Div. 521. PAN AMERICAN Div., 544, of East Buffalo, N. Y., gave their fifth annual ball at Visitation Hall, Jan. 17, 1905. A large party attended, including Brothers from the N. Y. C., B. R. & P., Erie & L. V. R. R. Miss Smith gave some very fine musical selections, which were appreciated by all. Later they retired to the banquet hall, where a very tempting repast awaited them presided over by the Brothers' wives. The table decorations were very tastefully arranged. The dancing kept up until the wee sma' hours, when they all adjourned to their homes well pleased with the good time they had had. J. C. BRO. CHAS. P. ANGELL, of Div. 452, who has been Assistant Road Foreman of Engines for Pittsburg Division of the B. & Ö. for the past ten years, has been appointed Assistant Trainmaster, with headquarters at Connellsville, Pa., vice H. R. Hanlin, transferred; effective Feb. 1, 1905. BRO. T. G. AVERILL has again been promoted from Air Brake Instructor to Traveling Engineer on the Eastern and Western Divisions of the B. & M. R. R., with headquarters at Boston, Mass. Brother Averill was our delegate to the St. Paul Convention, as some of the delegates will pleasantly remember him. The members of Div. 163 wish Brother Averill success in his new field of work. J. C. OAKLEY, F. A. E. Div. 163. much WASHINGTON, Feb. 2. After rivalry between Texas and Arkansas for the postmastership at Texarkana, the lively town situated on the border line between the two states, President Roosevelt has appointed and the Senate has confirmed a dark horse to the job, and he comes from Texarkana, Tex. The Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers recommended to the President for the job an ex-engineer, Lyman S. Roach, crippled at his trade, and now living at Texarkana, Tex. The President thought he ought to be a good man from what the Brotherhood said of him, and so, while the politicians fought it out, the President sent Roach's appointment to the Senate and the Senate went ahead and confirmed the appointment.-Cleveland Press. MR. THOMAS FITZGERALD having been promoted from the position of General Superintendent to that of General Manager, the members of Div. 97, Baltimore, Md., formulated and adopted the following letter of congratulation and co-operation: T. Fitzgerald, Esq., General Manager B. & O. R.R.: At a regular meeting of South Baltimore Div., 97, Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, held January 29, 1905, it was the unanimous vote of this Division that we extend to you our hearty congratulations on your promotion to the high office of General Manager of so great a corporation. We are glad to see you succeed to the office which your long and continuous term of highly meritori. ous service so justly deserves. We hope your term of service in your new office will be long and attended with the highest degree of success. We guarantee you our heartiest cooperation. J. T. A. TROUP. G. W. METCALF. J. O. F. LOVELL. BRO. THOS. F. HOWLEY, of Div. 403, has been appointed General Road Foreman of Engines on the New York and Delaware Divisions of the Erie R. R., with headquarters at Port Jervis, N. Y. Brother Howley has been a member of Div. 403 since its organization and has served the Division as an officer in various capacities, his services as Chairman of the Local Committee of Adjustment and member of the General Committee of Adjustment having been particularly satisfactory to the Division. Brother Howley has been a successful engineer for twenty years, and while making a mileage of 180 miles per day, six days a week for years, he has found time to keep himself up-to-date on railway motive power matters, and the members of Div. 403 are convinced that the company has selected a man who will give satisfaction to the men and achieve results for the company which will be satisfactory to them also; and while we shall feel the loss of Brother Howley from our Committee of Adjustment, it gives us pleasure to have one of our Brothers selected for so important a position as the one to which Brother Howley has been appointed. F. A. E., Div. 403. MR. W. L. KELLOGG, who for the past two years has been Master Mechanic of the Southern Kansas Division of the Missouri Pacific, having resigned his position to accept a position of Superintendent of Motive Power on the Flint & Pere Marquette, the following resolution was adopted by the engineers of Div. 364: WICHITA, KAN., Jan. 24, 1905. Resolved, That we sincerely regret that we have been deprived of the influence and gentlemanly treatment that we have always received at the AT a regular meeting of Div. 23, B. of L. E., at Memphis, Tenn., Feb. 6, it was announced that Mr. E. T. Horn, Superintendent of the Memphis Division of the Y. & M. V. R. R. and Superintendent of the Memphis Terminals of the I. C. and Y. & M. V. Ry., has tendered his resignation to take effect Feb. 10th, to take charge of the St. Louis Division on the 11th. The following resolutions were unanimously adopted: Resolved, It is with regret that we are to lose the services and association of such an efficient officer. Mr. Horn since his coming among us has made friends among all the employees, and while he has never forgotten or neglected the interests of the company, he has won our respect and appreciation by his fair impartial treatment and consideration in all matters pertaining to the interests of the employees. We wish him much success in his new field of usefulness, which our association with him has fully demonstrated, he is so ably fitted to fill. Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be sent to Mr. E. T. Horn, a copy spread on the minutes and a copy sent to the ENGINEERS' JourNAL for publication. Respectfully, Mr. C. H. Temple, having been promoted and assigned to Winnipeg, Div. 657,formulated the following complimentary letter: REVELSTOKE, B. C., Jan. 28, 1905. Mr. C. H. Temple, Master Mechanic, Central Division, Canadian Pacific Railway, Winnipeg, Man. DEAR SIR: At a regular meeting of Ash Kennedy Div., No. 657, B. of L. E., held at Revelstoke on the 18th inst., we, the undersigned, were appointed a committee to convey to you the feelings of our Division on the occasion of your departure from the Pacific Division. We, therefore, beg leave to say that it was with sincere regret that we, as a Division and as individual engineers, learned of your removal from here as our executive head. The fair dealing and justice, and we might say the leniency, that has characterized your record as Master Mechanic on the Pacific Division, has often been the subject of favorable comment among us, and will long be remembered by us all. Also, the amicable and cordial relations that have always existed between yourself and us, both as a Division and as individuals, is something we regard with extreme satisfaction and pride, and for the mutual benefit of all concerned, we hope and trust that the same conditions will obtain in your new field of labor. While we regret your departure from the Pacific Division, we are at the same time very much pleased to know that your services here have been appreciated by the higher officials by an appointment to a much more important position, and should we in the future have the good fortune to be associated with you again, we hope it will be when you have attained a still higher position. With kindest regards to Mrs. Temple and family, we remain, Yours truly, ALLAN MCNAB, C. E. A NEW FEATURE OF AIR BRAKE EQUIPMENT.-We call the attention of our readers to the advertisement of the Morrison Air Brake Safety Valve that appears in this issue. All railroad men know the damage and risk that now follow trains breaking apart, or air hose bursting on running trains. This valve is designed to control the brakes and prevent this damage. HIS WORSHIP is the title by which Bro. Wm. Phemister, a member of Div. 133, at present in active service as a passenger engineer running between Niagara Falls and London, on the Grand Trunk Railway System, must be addressed, he having been elected to the honorable position of Mayor of Niagara Falls, Ont. This goes to show that he has always done his duty to his fellow-citizens and to the company for which he works. He is now the chief magistrate of the city on the Canada side of the big waterfall. All honor to him who reflects credit on all members of our profession. W. F. BAINES, F. A. E., Div. 133. We reach across the mystic lines between the two countries-no barrier to our brotherly fellowship-and join our Canadian Brothers in hearty congratulations to His Worship, Brother Phemister. EDITOR. BRO. J. J. O'NEIL, a member of Div. 369, and formerly Traveling Engineer of the Wisconsin Division O. & St. P. M. & O. Ry., has been promoted to Assistant Superintendent of the Minnesota Division, with headquarters at St. James, Minn. The members of Div. 369 desire to express their unqualified approval of the company's selection and feel that Brother O'Neil deserves all the good fortune that can come to one who has honored himself |