The students except those who know their language. alumni are hardly judges of the capacity of the Prefect. They have all the books they want.

“ XXVIII., XXIX., XXX. The servants are insolent to the students with impunity, and the lay brother has precedence over them. The sick are left without help or

When

doctor. The number of students is diminished.
they were more numerous their journey back was paid.

"Reply-The Rector was not told of the servants disrespect. He is not aware of any precedence of the lay brother. The sick receive care proportioned to their needs. The number of students is and ought to be eight. If their journey back was paid, it was an act of charity, and not of justice.

“XXXI. A house was sold, and the profits have disappeared.

"Reply-Refer to the account books.

“XXXII. When a new Rector comes, his journey is paid one way. When the last one went to France, his way was paid with 90 scudi (£18.)

"XXXIII. The present Rector has suppressed some of the archives on hearing of the visit.

"Reply-A vile calumny, which should be punished like all the other falsehoods.

“ XXXIV. All the accounts are in confusion, as may be seen from the specimen-sheet.

"Reply-The present Rector, Ignazio Maria Petrelli, denies the confusion, and humbly begs the most Eminent Cardinal Marefoschi and Monsignor Sersale to do him justice, and clear him from the caluminous falsehoods issued to his prejudice by the alumni of the Irish College."

Cardinal Marefoschi urged the Supreme Pontiff, Clement XIV., to unite the Irish College to that of the Propaganda, appealing to the experience of 150 years, during which time they had been exclusively under Jesuit control. He blamed the fathers for their choice of books, suggesting that their studies were more suited for Jesuits than for secular priests, and appending to his memorial a synopsis of the books used and of the course gone through. He suggested that at the Roman College they were exposed to meet youths of every description, whereas as the Propa

ganda their companions would all be Church students, and some of them were already Irish. Consequently, Clement. XIV. issued a Brief, Alias nos, dated the 18th September, 1772, by which he authorised the Cardinal Visitor to dismiss the Jesuits from the government and administration of the Irish College, which he did by the decree published on the 23rd of the the same month.

In the following year Ganganelli utterly suppressed the Society of Jesus, and we conceive that the foregoing pages throw light on the influences which finally determined him to fulminate that desperate decree. This great step he performed with great conclusiveness. The Brief Dominus ad Redemptor, which is exhaustively ample, thus ends: "Even should the superiors and other members of the Society of Jesus, who have an interest real or affected in its concerns, not consent to the tenor of these letters, and have been neither warned nor informed of them, it is our will that these letters shall not be invalidated on any account of subreption, or obreption, or nullity, or any other great reason that can be alleged, unforeseen and essential, or on account of neglect of formalities, or other rules that should be observed in the foregoing, nor for any other capital head or custom, even if included in the body of the law, under the pretext of an enormous and a very enormous leison, or any other pretext, occasion, or cause, even just, reasonable, and privileged. It must not be imagined that these letters should have otherwise been expressed. They must not be cited, retracted, or invalidated in law. This constitution cannot be provided against or combated by way of discussion in entirety of restitution, deduction, terms of law, fact, grace, or justice in whatever manner it has been granted or obtained, as well by justice as by any other way. We will that these presents be firm and efficacious, and have full and entire effect, and obtain it, and that they may be inviolably observed by each of those whom they now concern, or shall hereafter concern. So and not otherwise, as herein contained, we will that they be judged and defined by all judges whomsoever, whether ordinary or delegated by the Auditors of the Apostolic palace, by the Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, and also by legates en latere nuncios of the Apostolic See, and

others enjoying or entitled to any authority and power in any cause whatever, taking from them all right and faculty of judging or interpreting them, declaring that in such case they will, whether wittingly or by ignorance, offend against these presents."

The Bull Cani Domine, to which reference is also made at p. 30, ante, as having been for the first time suspended by Ganganelli, was finally annulled in 1868 by the present Pontiff, Pio Nono.

DR. GEOFFREY KEATINGE.

(Page 76, ante.)

Dr. LANIGAN has been compared to Geoffrey Keatinge by Mr. Henebry Green; and so far as both having been Tipperary men in priest's orders, and authors of Histories of Ireland, the parallel is fair enough. But no two works could differ more utterly than Keatinge's and Lanigan's. The effort of Keatinge was to gather and preserve the popular traditions, with which much fable was almost of necessity mixed; Lanigan's great object was to weed history of every shred of fable, and to expose the myths of previous false teachers. Keatinge's work is very valu

able from the exhaustive fulness with which it records the traditionary accounts of early times; but Lanigan has proved Keatinge wrong in saying that "Emly was mistaken. for an archbishopric, from the fact of the Archbishop of Cashel retiring thither with his clergy during the Danish persecution." Dr. Lanigan shows that there was at that time no Archbishop of Cashel (Eccl. Hist., vol. iii., p. 278). That Keatinge was guiltless of some blunders laid at his door by Harris, Dr. Lanigan also proves (vol. iv., p. 143), and we learn that they are entirely due to his incompetent translator, Dermod O'Conor.

ARCHBISHOP BRAY AND THE RECALL OF LORD FITZWILLIAM.

(Page 82, ante).

"Thurles, 14th March, 1795.

"MY VERY DEAR AND HONOURED LORD-I have strong hopes, as Lord Fitzwilliam has not yet quitted this kingdom, that the British Cabinet will consider his immediate removal a very dangerous experiment. If Lord Fitzwilliam continues here, what has happened in both Houses and throughout the kingdom in consequence of his expected departure, must eventually and most naturally serve the Catholic

cause.

"I shall be anxious to hear the issue of our deputation to the throne. The vote of thanks, &c., in both Houses to his Excellency, and the county addresses pouring in from every quarter, must be a great support to it. The circumstances being most extraordinary, momentous, and altogether unforeseen, seem to justify that sudden, strong, and very bold measure.

66

With pleasure I often reflect that we had left Dublin before these sudden changes could ever be surmised. I feel with particular satisfaction the great attention paid by his Excellency to Dr. Troy. Your Lordship's remark is very just a certain description of soi-disant Catholics in Dublin should feel confounded, but they have not grace enough to become sensible of the contrast. I was apprehensive in Dublin, and on our return, that an attack of the gout was hovering about your Lordship, and I am now happy to learn from your Lordship that you are much recovered from it. If my good wishes and prayers prove effectual, your Lordship will long enjoy the full benefit of good health, with every other blessing.

66

My old and faithful servant, John Rowe, died the very day we left Dublin, in Cashel, rather unexpectedly. I hope they had found him prepared; he was truly pious and uncommonly charitable. I hold a month's mind for him next Wednesday, and I beg leave to recommend him to your prayers. Adieu, my ever dear Lord; my best regards wait on your good ladies; and believe me, with every good

wish, your Lordship's very affectionate and truly devoted humble servant,

"The Right Rev. Dr. Moylan."

"THOMAS BRAY.

Dr. Moylan's "good ladies" refers to the Ursuline Community recently established by him in Cork, and in which two of his own sisters wore the habit.

THE LATE REV. DR. HOWLEY.
(Page 89, ante).

THE following letter has been addressed to us by the Rev. William Cooney, formerly pastor of the parish which Dr. Howley administered. It serves to vindicate a worthy man, whose views have been to some extent misunderstood. Dr. Howley, it will be remembered, returned to Ireland from Pavia with Dr. Lanigan, and both were afterwards intimately associated :

"Caherconlish, Co. Limerick, 16th July, 1871.

"MY DEAR SIR-I can give you a few recollections of Dr. Howley, personal and traditional. He christened me some fifty years ago. He was of a full habit of body, like Dr. Lanigan, with broad features. I recollect him saying Mass at my father's house. He dropped dead in his garden, in 1825, and was buried in the chapel-yard; and a fine tombstone was erected over him by his grateful parishioners, with the following epitaph: Here lie the remains of the Rev. William Howley, D.D., Parish Priest of Clerihan. During twenty-seven years he discharged his duty with. unaffected piety and exemplary zeal, and was beloved by the poor and respected by the rich. He founded and built the chapel of Clerihan, and his flock have erected this tomb to record his worth and their regret of the loss of so excellent a pastor. He died 3rd February, 1825, aged 66 years. May his soul rest in peace. Amen.' My immediate predecessor, the late Rev. William Heffernan, so well known throughout the south of Ireland for his talents, his eccentricities, and his many good parts, when praying for the