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THE BUILDERS OF THE HOUSE.

form-ed, and, last-ly, hous-es, man-sions, tem-ples, pa-la-ces, and cas-tles.

3. HOUS-ES are built by the u-ni-ted la-bours of the Ma-son, the Brick-lay-er, and the Car-pen-ter. The tools of the Ma-son and the Brick-lay-er are:1. The mal-let. 2. The chi-sel. 3. The hod. 4.

The lad-der. 5. The square. 6. The pick-axe. 7. The trow-el. 8. The spade. 9. The ham-mer.

4. The prin-ci-pal parts of a house are the roof, the walls, the doors, chim-neys, rooms, pas-sa-ges, stairs, floors, clos-ets, sinks, lar-ders, pan-tries, and kit-chens.

5. The roof of a house is the top of it, and is built a-slant, so that when it rains the wa-ter may run off. A frame-work of wood is made, which is first cov-er-ed with laths, and af-ter-wards with tiles or slates.

6. The walls of a house are made either of bricks or stones, laid one on the top of the oth-er, and join-ed to-ge-ther by ce-ment or mor-tar.

7. The chim-neys pro-ceed from the fire-place to the top of the house, and come out through the roof, a-bove which they are car-ri-ed up se-ve-ral feet; on their top is an earth-en pot, call-ed a chim-ney-pot. The use of a chim-ney is to car-ry off the smoke. Some hous-es are thatch-ed.

LESSON II.

8. The doors of hous-es are made of deal or oak, and some-times of ma-ho-ga-ny; they swing on hin-ges, and have locks and latch-es to fas-ten them; their use is to keep out the cold, and to con-nect

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one room with an-oth-er, or the house with the street. They are made by the car-pen-ter.

9. The rooms of hous-es are of va-ri-ous kinds. The rooms of ve-ry poor peo-ple serve them for par-lour, kit-chen, and bed-room, which is ve-ry un-heal-thy. The house of a trades-man ge-ne-rally con-sists of a shop, a back par-lour, a draw-ingroom, and se-ve-ral bed-rooms, with kit-chen and cel-lar.

10. The win-dows of a house are made of glass. Glass is made by melt-ing to-geth-er in a pot, flint, sand, so-da, and pot-ash. It is then blown in-to broad sheets, and cut in-to va-ri-ous shapes.

11. The pas-sa-ges in a house lead from one room to an-oth-er; the stairs lead to the bed-cham-bers, or oth-er up-per a-part-ments: the floors of the rooms are ge-ne-ral-ly made of deal or oak. The for-mer are u-sual-ly co-ver-ed with paint-ed can-vas, call-ed oil-cloth, and the lat-ter with car-pet.

12. The cel-lar of a house is ge-ne-ral-ly un-der ground, and is u-sed for keep-ing coals, wood, beer, and wine in. Clos-ets are for the pur-pose of pla-cing clothes and lin-en in se-cu-ri-ty; the pantry and lar-der are for pro-vi-sions of va-ri-ous kinds; and the kitchen is for the ser-vants to live in, and to cook our food.

13. Drains and Sew-ers.-All hous-es should have drains and sew-ers; the for-mer to take a-way all dirt and filth from the house, and the lat-ter to car-ry it far off to some wa-ter way or riv-er. It is ve-ry bad to have a cess-pool near a dwell-ing. It is al-so very un-whole-some to keep pigs or ducks, or oth-er nas-ty an-i-mals, near the house, as some folks are ve-ry apt to do.

1. When a per-son goes to hire a house, he should mind what he is a-bout: he should con-sider that his health and his com-fort ve-ry much de-pend up-on the kind of house he lives in.

2. Be-fore a per-son hires a house, he should go to it se-ve-ral times. He should look well o-ver it and a-round it. He should make him-self quite sure that the house is free from DAMP, for a damp house is sure to make all per-sons ill, and bring them to an un-time-ly grave.

3. A house built up-on the ground with no cel-lars un-der-neath is like-ly to be damp. A

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house sur-round-ed by high walls or lof-ty trees is sure to be damp. A house with stand-ing water near it, such as a pond or dyke, will be damp; and some-times hous-es are sub-ject to the flow-ing of the land springs when no one suspects it.

4. A house that has fil-thy roads or fil-thy build-ings a-bout it, or that is not kept free from all kinds of dirt, is ve-ry un-heal-thy. Clog-ged up drains and o-pen cess-pools breed fe-ver and ho-le-ra, and many oth-er dis-eas-es.

5. When a per-son takes a house, he should see to these things, and al-so be sure that the roof and the floor-ing are in good or-der; that all locks, bolts, bars, win-dows, and doors, are safe and sound; that there is a good sup-ply of wa-ter, both hard and soft; that the chim-neys do not smoke; that the walls are thick, and the rooms cheer-ful.

6. A good ten-ant will keep his house in good re-pair, and as soon as a board or brick is loose, he will put it right a-gain, for a stitch in time saves nine. He will pay his rent on the day it be-comes due, and do all he can to keep his house nice and clean. If he has a gar-den, he will keep it in good or-der, and set it out pret-ti-ly with a few shrubs and flow-ers.

7. In Eng-land a man's HOUSE is said to be his cas-tle, that is, no one can come in-to it with-out the ten-ant's or own-er's leave. Ev-e-ry man's

house or home is con-si-der-ed sa-cred. The great-est lord can-not in-trude in-to the poor man's dwell-ing, a-ny more than the poor man can break in-to that of the lord.

1. The car-pen-ter does a great deal of work in the build-ing of a house. The ma-son does the stone work, the brick-lay-er the brick work, but the car-pen-ter does the wood work. He makes the doors, the win-dow frames, the stair-ca-ses, the roof, the floors, and ma-ny oth-er parts. The man who puts the slates on the roof is call-ed a sla-ter, and the man who puts the glass in-to the win-dow